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Three targeted drugs for CCA differ in efficacy, safety, resistance and medication sequence.
CCA subtypes differ greatly in molecular alterations, assays and targeted therapies.
Two chemoimmunotherapies become new standards for advanced BTC with distinct trial profiles.
Durvalumab/pembrolizumab plus GC are first-line standards for advanced BTC with comparable efficacy.
AS matches lobectomy safety for low-risk PTMC with fewer complications and superior QoL.
DTP triplet therapy boosts efficacy yet needs randomized trials for solid validation in BRAF-mutant ATC.
PTC surge in China/US driven mostly by overdiagnosis, not true disease rise
IMDC stratifies ccRCC; China and US differ in approved regimens and sequencing.
Controversies in early TGCT focus on surveillance vs chemo, plus salvage strategy choices.
IO-TKI for rapid control, IO-IO for durable long-term survival in ccRCC.
Chemotherapy regimens, dosing and monitoring for GCT focus on safety and long-term care.
Novel biomarkers and tailored strategies advance TGCT care with global adoption barriers
Two regimens treat favorable GCT, balancing efficacy and distinct toxic risks
HIF‑2α inhibitors: Belzutifan leads; casdatifan/NKT2152 follow, with wide RCC/VHL whitespace.
UBC treatment evolves fast with ADC, ICI; FGFR and CAR-T remain vacant
EV plus pembrolizumab is the optimal first-line regimen for most advanced urothelial carcinoma patients, with platinum chemotherapy reserved for specific high-risk cases.
Biomarkers guide precise targeted therapy and safety management for urothelial bladder cancer.
Biomarkers guide precise targeted therapy and safety management for urothelial bladder cancer.