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influenza HA vaccine

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Denka Seiken · · Vaccine

What is influenza HA vaccine?

influenza HA vaccine is a vaccine developed by Denka Seiken. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

CompanyDenka Seiken
Drug ClassVaccine, Large Molecules
Molecular Target,
RouteInjectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Denka Seiken

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

influenza HA vaccine acts on 2 molecular targets:

(HA)
(HA)
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Related Research Articles

PubMedEBioMedicine2026-06-12

Assessment of human immunity to A/H3N2 influenza subclade K during 2025 emergence.

Harvey Ruth R, Welsh Ceilidh C, Byrne Alexander Mp AM, Greenwood David D et al.

Seasonal influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality annually. In 2025, the genetically divergent A/H3N2 K subclade (J.2.4.1) emerged with substantial haemagglutinin mutations. However, despite suggested antigenic escape, UK vaccine effectiveness estimates and epidemiological data demonstrated a relatively normal influenza season across 2025-26. We examined neutralising antibody responses in human cohorts to investigate existing and vaccine-induced immunity to K clade viruses. We characterised the antigenic relationships of a selection of A/H3N2 viruses spanning recent evolution including a subclade K virus using antigenic cartography, followed by serological antibody profiling of four human cohorts from the United Kingdom and Norway using microneutralisation (MN) and haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays. Antigenic cartography from single-infection ferret antisera suggests significant antigenic drift from the vaccine strains. MN and HAI titres from 243 individuals across 4 human cohorts (ages 1-105 years) were measured for comparison. The 2025/26 Northern Hemisphere seasonal inactivated egg-derived trivalent influenza vaccine (eTIV, with J.2 A/H3N2) significantly boosted MN and HAI titres against all A/H3N2 viruses tested, including a subclade K virus (p < 0.001). Furthermore, serological profiles of cohorts stratified by age groups (≤5, >5-≤15, >20-≤25, >25-<60, and ≥60) showed pre-existing reactivity against the emergent subclade K viruses, with minimal inter-age variation, suggesting there was not an immunity gap within particular age groups. The 2025/26 seasonal inactivated eTIV vaccine effectively boosted neutralising titres despite substantial genetic and antigenic drift. Human serological profiling should be included in risk assessments and continued surveillance. The Francis Crick Institute with core funding from Cancer Research UK, UK Medical Research Council, and Wellcome Trust; UK Research and Innovation and UK Medical Research Council; National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre; UK Health Security Agency; Norwegian Institute of Public Health.

PMID 42276011
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PubMedMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids2026-06-12

Comparative analysis of expression, immunogenicity, and safety profiles between linear and circular RNA vaccine platforms.

Lee Soo-Yeon SY, Lee Jisun J, Ahn Jae-Hun JH, Lee Seok-Yong SY et al.

mRNA vaccines have revolutionized development and continue to advance through clinical and research applications. Circular RNA is emerging as a promising alternative to linear RNA. However, no direct comparison has identified the optimal RNA platform for mRNA-based drug development. This study compares linear and circular RNA platforms in vitro and in vivo, focusing on expression dynamics, immune responses, and safety. In terms of expression efficiency, the circular RNA showed prolonged expression compared to linear RNA. The immunogenicity was evaluated using influenza HA as an antigen. In humoral immune response, linear RNA with modified nucleosides (Lin-m1Ψ) and circular RNA with unmodified nucleosides (Circ-WT) showed higher neutralizing antibody titers than linear RNA with unmodified nucleosides (Lin-WT). Lin-m1Ψ and Lin-WT induced slightly higher cell-mediated immune responses than Circ-WT. In mice, all RNA types showed a decrease in reticulocytes, monocytes, and alkaline phosphatase on day 2 following high-dose intramuscular injection. Furthermore, Lin-WT and Circ-WT showed greater decreases in platelets than Lin-m1Ψ. However, these changes recovered to normal by day 14 post-vaccination in all groups. These findings provide insights into developing RNA-based immunotherapies and selecting suitable RNA platforms for various applications, including preventive and therapeutic vaccines as well as protein-replacement therapies.

PMID 42282251
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PubMedPublic health2026-06-12

Global determinants of dengue vaccine acceptance: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Arriaga-Izabal Diego D, Morales-Lazcano Francisco F, Angulo-Zamudio Uriel A UA, Canizalez-Román Adrian A et al.

To systematically review and quantify the key determinants influencing dengue vaccine acceptance in populations where the vaccine is recommended or considered. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, and Google Scholar, without date restrictions through April 2026. Eligible studies reported quantitative effect estimates of factors associated with dengue vaccine acceptance. Random-effects inverse-variance models with Hartung-Knapp adjustment, and heterogeneity with I2 statistic were applied. Analyses were stratified by pediatric and adult populations, with subgroup analyses and meta-regression conducted for determinants with substantial heterogeneity. A total of 775 records were identified, with 18 studies meeting inclusion criteria (15 included in quantitative synthesis). In pediatrics, a positive attitude toward vaccination was linked with higher acceptance (OR: 5.66, 95% CI: 2.74-11.7; I2 = 0%), although evidence for other determinants remained inconclusive. In adults, prior dengue infection (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.36-1.60; I2 = 0%), prior influenza vaccination (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.61-4.38; I2 = 70.2%), and positive vaccine attitudes (OR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.05-7.70; I2 = 98.4%) were associated with higher acceptance; however, substantial heterogeneity and low certainty of evidence limited confidence in pooled estimates. Dengue vaccine acceptance may be influenced more by attitudes and prior experiences than by demographic factors alone; however, substantial heterogeneity, reliance on cross-sectional evidence, and very low certainty ratings limit confidence in these findings. Public health strategies should prioritize strengthening vaccine confidence, enhancing risk perception among dengue-naïve populations, and leveraging prior vaccination behaviors, while addressing structural barriers to ensure equitable access.

PMID 42275853
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PubMedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026-06-12

A pan-serotype human monoclonal antibody protects against pneumococcal infection by targeting multiple choline binding domain proteins.

McCormick Anna L AL, Esfahani Behrouz Ghazi BG, Page Caroline K CK, Shepard Justin D JD et al.

Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a global health threat, particularly to young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Pneumococcal vaccines targeting the bacterial capsule polysaccharide do not protect against all 100+ pneumococcal serotypes, contributing to non-vaccine serotype infections and antibiotic resistance. To address these limitations, we isolated human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting pneumococcal surface proteins and identified a first-in-class mAb, derived from a patient with prior pneumococcal infection, namely mAb 5995-40. mAb 5995-40 bound multiple pneumococcal proteins, including PcpA and PspA, through a conserved choline-binding domain shared across serotypes. Functionally, mAb 5995-40 provided complete protection in lethal pneumococcal challenge models and improved survival in influenza A, influenza B, and respiratory syncytial virus-associated bacterial coinfection models. Mechanistic studies showed enhanced opsonophagocytic killing, reduced bacterial dissemination, and blocked epithelial translocation. Cryo-electron microscopy identified a repeating motif within the choline-binding domain targeted by mAb 5995-40, highlighting its potential as a broadly protective pneumococcal therapeutic.

PMID 42282568
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PubMedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026-06-12

Hyaluronic Acid Plays Differential Molecular Weight and Concentration Dependent Pathway Centric Changes to Human Lung Derived Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Culture.

Yellumahanthi Shushruth S, Kojima Kyoko K, Mobley James A JA

Hyaluronan (HA) is a major extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan that regulates vascular integrity and immune signaling in the lung. Its biological effects are strongly size-dependent, with high-molecular-weight HA (HMW-HA) generally protective and low-molecular-weight HA (LMW-HA) pro-inflammatory. However, how different HA sizes and concentrations globally remodel endothelial cell signaling remains poorly understood. Human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HULEC-5a) were treated with physiologic (200 ng/mL) or supraphysiologic (1 µg/mL) concentrations of LMW-, medium-molecular-weight (MMW-), or HMW-HA. Cell viability was confirmed by LDH assay. Quantitative proteomics with downstream Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to profile HA-induced signaling networks. Proteomic analysis revealed a conserved HA-response signature across all conditions involving cell cycle regulation, senescence, and immune modulation, with distinct size-and dose-dependent differences. At supraphysiologic concentrations, HMW-HA suppressed proliferative and inflammatory pathways, consistent with a protective, quiescent phenotype. LMW-HA induced the broadest stress-associated proteomic changes, consistent with its role as a damage-associated molecular pattern.Unexpectedly, physiologic MMW-HA elicited the strongest responses, driving metabolic and cytoskeletal pathways including insulin signaling and Rho GTPase activity. Network analysis highlighted 176 overlapping pathways across HA treatments, with unique contributions of LMW- and HMW-HA to stress- versus barrier-stabilizing signaling, respectively. HA is not a passive structural molecule but an active regulator of endothelial signaling, with effects shaped by both molecular weight and concentration. Our findings identify a distinct role for MMW-HA at physiologic levels and highlight how HA fragmentation and accumulation may contribute to endothelial dysfunction in lung injury, with implications for targeted HA-based therapies.

PMID 42282543
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PubMedComputational biology and chemistry2026-06-12

Structural insights into hyaluronic acid recognition by human HYAL2: A cross-species comparative study.

Rajalakshmi, Aravind Yarramathi Y, Prakasam Priya P, Syed Ibrahim B B

Hyaluronidases are crucial for remodelling the extracellular matrix by breaking down hyaluronic acid (HA); however, the structural factors that govern HA recognition and size-dependent processing remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the interaction between HA oligomers and human hyaluronidase 2 (hHYAL2) using both computational and experimental methods. Molecular docking results showed that binding affinity increased with the length of HA oligomers. Longer oligomers gradually filled the catalytic cleft and interacted with conserved catalytic residues. Structural analysis of the docking models indicated that HA adopts a partially curled yet elongated conformation within the catalytic groove, allowing it to bind to multiple sites simultaneously. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that HA binding preserves the overall stability of hHYAL2 while triggering synchronised loop movements that facilitate substrate accommodation within the catalytic channel. Comparisons among human HYAL1, bovine, and bee hyaluronidases revealed that, despite similarities in catalytic residues, differences in cleft shape and electrostatic environment lead to distinct substrate-binding modes. Bovine hyaluronidase tends to stabilise a more curled HA conformation due to its shallower catalytic pocket. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated that HA binding causes subtle structural changes in hHYAL2 while maintaining the protein's overall stability. Overall, these findings offer insights into HA recognition mechanisms and highlight species-specific variations in HA degradation, emphasising structural factors that influence hyaluronidase substrate specificity.

PMID 42275754
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