Drug Database
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ketoprofen spray

✓ Approved

Giuliani · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is ketoprofen spray?

ketoprofen spray is a small molecule developed by Giuliani. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

CompanyGiuliani
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Giuliani

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

ketoprofen spray acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

ketoprofen spray is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Hepatobiliary disordersHepatitis✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersMusculoskeletal pain✓ Approved

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Reuse of the ReCell Enzyme Does Not Decrease the Density of Spray Cell Suspension While Significantly Reducing Costs.

Culnan Derek M DM, Gudeman Alexandria A, Coates Jay J, Blears Elizabeth E et al.

Spray Cell Suspension (SCS) represents a commonplace tool to augment skin grafting; however, the kit required to make the suspension is costly. We hypothesize that repeated use of SCS will result in similar cell counts and graft results while decreasing hospital charges. Our institution used the enzyme from one ReCell kit repeatedly while counting cell dosage and tracking clinical outcomes. Six patients ages 8-86 years, with TBSA 8-50% and Baux scores of 18-144 had 9 surgeries with SCS. All survived to discharge with 95% wound closure from 7-21 days after the first grafting (mode 7 days). Cell dosing was 20 716 +/- 2346 cells/cm2. This is 1/3829th the dose of cultured epidermal autograft (CEA). Linear regression demonstrated no decrease in cell density when preparing up to 14 biopsies of SCS with a positive slope, indicating further samples are feasible. Analysis of variance and Student's T-test of the first and last enzyme use per surgery found no significant differences. The only factor affecting cell counts was live feedback to surgical technologists preparing samples. Motivation of those performing the isolation had more effect than enzyme reuse, age, or number of surgeries. This modification prevented the hospital from purchasing 19 ReCell kits, saving approximately $130 625 in 1 month. Our results show one enzyme can be used at least 7 times without a decrease in cell yield or compromise of clinical outcome, demonstrating repeated use of SCS is a cost effective, safe and feasible option to augment skin grafting.

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Baroreceptor Mechanotransduction: Diverse Sensors, Unified Signals.

Delmas Patrick P, Osorio Nancy N, Penalba Virginie V, Dignat-George Françoise F et al.

Arterial baroreceptors constitute the safeguard of cardiovascular homeostasis by translating vascular stretch into reflex control/ afferent firing. Recent advances have identified an unexpectedly diverse palette of candidate ion channels, including PIEZO1/2, TMEM150C, TRPV1, TRPC5 (transient receptor potential canonical 5), and epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), yet the molecular logic of their mechanosensory function remains unresolved. However, the field is mired in controversy: are PIEZOs truly indispensable barosensors, or do TRPs, ENaCs, and Tentonin3 provide parallel, context-dependent mechanotransduction? Equally contentious is the extent to which distinct baroreceptor morphologies, end-net versus flower-spray terminals, rapidly versus slowly adapting afferents, deploy specialized channel repertoires to encode dynamic versus steady-state pressure stimuli. Such heterogeneity challenges prevailing reductionist models and underscores baroreception as an emergent property of distributed molecular systems rather than a single-channel solution. Here, we critically appraise molecular, anatomic, and physiological evidence to advance an unifying framework in which baroreceptor diversity is both structural and functional, shaped by channel composition, terminal architecture, and afferent excitability.

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Li Yiming Y, Wang Jianwei J, Yu Guoxu G, Lv Qunbo Q et al.

Suppressing broadband stray light remains a persistent obstacle in advanced optical instrumentation, where conventional blackening treatments often fall short in spectral range, surface conformity, or substrate compatibility. Here we report a fabrication approach that directly forms parabolic-shaped microstructures on a blackout-ink coating through self-assembled microsphere mask etching. The process is governed by a time-dependent shadowing evolution around the microspheres, which enables continuous tuning of the sidewall curvature-a structural parameter that is difficult to access using conventional micro/nanofabrication and emerges as a key determinant of optical attenuation. The method requires only spray-coating of the ink followed by dry etching and applies to the surfaces of glass, metal, polymer, and other engineering materials. Uniform microstructure formation is maintained across planar and curved surfaces without lithography or substrate-dependent optimization. The parabolic-shaped structures yield an average reflectance 0.89% over 300-1700 nm, enabled by continuous refractive-index grading and efficient photon trapping associated with the controlled sidewall profile. This work establishes a practical route for producing broadband ultra-black surfaces on real optical components while revealing a previously unrecognized mechanism linking microsphere-mediated morphological evolution to macroscopic optical suppression. The approach offers a straightforward and broadly applicable pathway for improving stray-light management in precision metrology, imaging, and spaceborne systems.

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Ma Yan Y, Zhang Jie J, Peng Yuanyou Y, Liu Guang G et al.

Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile is considered one of the most promising cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries due to its high electronic conductivity, minimal polysulfide shuttling, high reversible specific capacity, and excellent cycling stability. However, its practical application is hindered by volume expansion during battery operation. To address this issue, a sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathode with a porous framework is designed via solvent/non-solvent exchange regulation, where by using high-pressure spray-assisted phase separation, an amorphous-dominated 3D interpenetrating aerogel is constructed. This architecture facilitates continuous and rapid charge transfer as well as efficient electrolyte infiltration, and the porous skeleton helps accommodate volume changes during charge-discharge cycles. As a result, the sulfurized polyacrylonitrile aerogel cathode achieves a capacity retention of over 92.3% after 700 cycles at 0.5 C and delivers an initial energy density of 790.8 Wh kg- 1 at 0.2 C. In a full-cell configuration with a prelithiated graphite anode, a reversible capacity as high as 1014 mAh g- 1 with greater than 94.8% capacity retention is maintained after 180 cycles at 0.2 C. This work highlights the importance of rational electrode microstructure engineering and provides an effective strategy for developing high-performance sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathodes in lithium-sulfur batteries.

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PubMedBiotechnology letters2026-06-09

Scaling up biomass production of Vishniacozyma victoriae and semi-commercial testing for post-harvest control of pome fruit disease.

Gorordo M Florencia MF, Fontanini J Magdalena JM, Lucca M Ester ME, Sangorrín M Paula MP

Postharvest losses of pome fruits such as apples and pears, primarily due to fungal pathogens, represent a significant challenge for global fruit production. Conventional chemical control strategies have raised concerns regarding food safety and environmental impact, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to scale up the biomass production of the epiphytic yeast Vishniacozyma victoriae NPCC 1263, a promising biological control agent (BCA) against postharvest diseases in pome fruits, and to evaluate its efficacy under semi-commercial conditions. BCA yeast biomass was produced using low-cost media based on cheese whey powder (CWP) and salts in laboratory (15 L) and pilot-scale (140 L) bioreactors, applying batch and semi-continuous cultivation modes. The volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) was used as the scale-up criterion. The biomass yield, CFU/mL, and viability after drying and storage were assessed. At the pilot scale, the biomass concentration was 20.7 g/L, which was more than double the concentration obtained under batch conditions at the laboratory scale (8.89 g/L). This confirmed the scalability of the process. The freeze-dried yeast biomass retained 35.1% viability after 330 days of storage at room temperature, while spray-drying proved inadequate due to heat sensitivity. Both fresh and freeze-dried formulations were evaluated in two harvest seasons on Beurré D'Anjou and Packham's Triumph pears, and Red Delicious apples. The treatments reduced the natural incidence of Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria-Cladosporium spp., by more than 42%. The results demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale production and application of V. victoriae, supporting its potential integration into sustainable postharvest disease management strategies.

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[Intravenous Subnarcotic Ketamine Infusions for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Historical Development, Comparison with Esketamine Nasalspray, and Prospects].

Bonnet Udo U, Scherbaum Norbert N, Juckel Georg G, Bschor Tom T

Esketamine nasal spray (EN) has been approved in Germany since 2021 for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Historically, the development of EN resulted from the positive results of randomized clinical trials on the off-label use of subnarcotic ketamine infusions (SKI) for TRD. How effective, tolerable, and safe is off-label SKI compared to EN? Narrativ review. Selective literature search in PubMed for clinical studies comparing SKI and EN for TRD. International guidelines for depression and the cost-effectiveness of SKI and EN in inpatient treatment were also considered. Randomized direct comparative studies between EN and SKI are currently lacking. There is solid circumstantial evidence for the equivalence of acute treatment of TRD with SKI (usually 0.5 mg/kg body weight intravenously over 40-45 minutes) or EN (usually 56 or 84 mg per dose) in terms of effectiveness, safety, and tolerability: 9 meta-analyses (2 network meta-analyses) and 7 real-world studies (1 prospective, 6 retrospective comparative studies). SKI and subanesthetic esketamine infusions were also equivalent. A similar picture is emerging for serial treatment. Favorable tolerability and safety data have been available for EN for over 5 years (for serial SKI no such long-term observations). The USA and Canada have included off-label SKI as an alternative to approved EN in their guidelines for add-on treatment of TRD. For the German healthcare system, inpatient add-on treatment with SKI is about 2.3 to 3.8 times cheaper than with EN. Based on the above evidence, we estimate that there is currently low to moderate confidence according to GRADE for assuming the equivalence in effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of add-on treatment of TRD with SKI or EN. A more accurate assessment will be possible in 2030 at the earliest, when the results of an ongoing direct comparative clinical study are available. When updating the guidelines, we recommend checking whether the off-label add-on SKI can be provisionally placed at the same level as the add-on EN in the TRD treatment algorithm, as is the case in the USA and Canada. We hereby also encourage (i) health insurance companies to cover the costs of add-on SKI and (ii) the German authorities to review the off-label prescribability of SKI for TRD by the Joint Federal Committee (GB-A).

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