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ketoprofen spray

✓ Approved

Giuliani · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is ketoprofen spray?

ketoprofen spray is a small molecule developed by Giuliani. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

CompanyGiuliani
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Giuliani

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

ketoprofen spray acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
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Therapeutic Indications

ketoprofen spray is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Hepatobiliary disordersHepatitis✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersMusculoskeletal pain✓ Approved

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PubMedOdontology2026-09-20

Effects of clear aligner cleaning agents on Streptococcus mutans biofilms and thermoplastic surface integrity: an in vitro study.

Nalbantoglu Eser Rengin ER, Harzivartyan Sevan S, Topcuoglu Nursen N, Yilmaz Hanife Nuray HN et al.

Clear aligners are increasingly used in paediatric and adolescent orthodontics, but prolonged wear and suboptimal hygiene may promote cariogenic biofilm accumulation. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy of commonly used commercial and household clear aligner cleaning agents against Streptococcus mutans biofilms and to examine their effects on aligner surface integrity. Biofilms were grown on 48 clear aligner discs; 42 (n = 7 per group across four experimental and two control groups) were used for biofilm quantification, and 6 (n = 1 per group) for SEM analysis. After biofilm formation, discs were treated with Invisalign® Cleaning Crystals, Corega® Proguard and Retainer tablets, Invisalign® Aligner Cleaning Spray, or white vinegar diluted to a final acetic acid concentration of 0.5%. Viable bacteria were quantified as colony-forming units per millilitre (CFU/mL), and surface morphology was assessed by SEM. Data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn-Holm post hoc comparisons (p < 0.05). Commercial agents significantly reduced CFU counts compared with the negative control, whereas white vinegar did not. Median CFU values were lowest for the commercial agents (1.2-2.5 × 10³ CFU/mL), with no significant difference among them, and Invisalign® Cleaning Crystals and Corega® tablets were more effective than white vinegar (p ≤ 0.04). SEM corroborated the microbiological findings, showing substantial biofilm removal without apparent surface deterioration after commercial treatment. These findings support the use of commercial products in evidence-based clear aligner hygiene protocols because of their greater antibiofilm efficacy and preservation of thermoplastic surface integrity.

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PubMedJournal of integrative plant biology2026-09-19

Four sequential filters constrain the efficacy of spray-induced gene silencing against fungal pathogens.

Lim Sooho S, Son Hokyoung H

Fungal pathogens remain a major constraint on crop production, while resistance and residue concerns increasingly limit reliance on conventional fungicides. Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), an RNA interference (RNAi)-based approach, offers a non-transgenic and sequence-specific strategy for controlling fungal diseases. Although laboratory studies increasingly report effective gene silencing and disease suppression, these results have not consistently translated into reliable protection under field-relevant conditions. In this review, we examine this gap through four sequential filters: environmental persistence, pathogen-site exposure, fungal cytosolic delivery, and RNAi machinery availability. We critically review the evidence relevant to each filter and assess how its importance varies among fungal pathosystems. Comparisons with commercially advanced RNAi products targeting non-fungal organisms illustrate how protected delivery and controlled exposure can mitigate several barriers to efficacy. This framework provides a practical basis for identifying pathosystem-specific bottlenecks and guiding the development of more reliable RNAi-based fungicides.

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Orthogonal in-line microscopy coupled with SP ICP-MS for the quantitative analysis of microparticles.

Grüner Bernhard B, Hauer Raphael R, Elinkmann Matthias M, Lockwood Thomas E TE et al.

Single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP ICP-MS) has become the method of choice for the characterisation of nanoparticles, but its application to micrometre-sized particles remains limited due to size-dependent transport efficiencies (TE). This imposes inherent limitations and prevents the accurate counting of particles as well as the reliable analysis of size distributions. Consequently, the quantitative analysis of entities such as microplastics or cells remains restricted. This study addresses this limitation by developing and introducing an integrated approach combining a new technique named orthogonal in-line microscopy (OIM) with SP ICP-MS. OIM visualises a focal plane within a capillary and uses a dedicated algorithm to count and size particles crossing this plane. The same particle suspension was characterised both optically and via online single particle mass spectrometry to investigate size dependent TE and evaluate correction schemes. Using polystyrene microplastic particle standards as a model system and a sample capillary smaller than the field-of-view, it was possible to register and analyse all particles crossing the capillary upstream of SP ICP-MS providing an absolute benchmark for subsequent TE studies. Comparing size histograms obtained via OIM and SP ICP-MS, respectively, enabled a quantitative evaluation of TE and provided the basis for a correction scheme for size distributions estimated via SP ICP-MS. Two sample introduction systems, a standard Scott-type double pass spray chamber and a total consumption assembly, were compared, and both demonstrated a significant reduction in TE as sizes increased. For particles as large as 10 μm, TE was reduced 21- to 88-fold, respectively, relative to the expected nanoparticle TE. Furthermore, 20 μm particles were not recovered by SP ICP-MS but could be characterised optically via OIM. The on-line hyphenation of OIM and SP ICP-MS enabled the analysis of size distributions via two complementary detection regimes. While size distributions in the lower micrometre scale are significantly distorted with stand-alone SP ICP-MS, hyphenating OIM and SP ICP-MS provides the means to recognise and quantify the size dependent TE, as well as a scheme to correct for it. As such, this new hyphenated technique offers a more robust and accurate strategy to count and determine micro-suspensions. Apart from characterising TE drift effects, OIM complements SP ICP-MS by enabling the study of particle shapes as well as particle sizes that are beyond the grasp of SP ICP-MS. Consequently, physical parameters and size ranges that otherwise would be lost via SP ICP-MS can now be conserved to expand single microparticle characterisation and to improve the characterisation of particulates such as microplastics and cells.

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PubMedDrug development and industrial pharmacy2026-09-18

Influence of Infill Pattern on Ketoprofen Release Rate from 3D Printed Buccal FilmsInfluence of Infill Pattern on Ketoprofen Release Rate from 3D Printed Buccal Films.

Čanji Panić Jelena J, Todorović Nemanja N, Rančić Milica M, Kalaba Milica M et al.

To evaluate whether fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, combined with a simple filament soaking technique and modifications of infill pattern geometry, can modulate the release rate of ketoprofen from buccal films.Significance: This proof-of-concept approach explores a low-complexity strategy for producing personalized buccal dosage forms with adjustable drug release using commercially available materials and minimal processing steps. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filaments were loaded with ketoprofen by soaking in a saturated ketoprofen solution in absolute ethanol. Buccal films were 3D-printed using two infill patterns (lines and triangle). Drug content was quantified by UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Solid-state characterization was performed using DSC and FTIR. Dissolution testing was conducted for 120 min in 200 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Ketoprofen-loaded films were successfully printed from soaked commercial PVA filaments. DSC and FTIR indicated conversion of ketoprofen to an amorphous form and possible solid dispersion formation within the polymer matrix. Infill geometry influenced drug release: triangle-pattern films showed slower release (79 ± 2% at 120 min) compared with line-pattern films (96 ± 5% at 120 min). Combining filament soaking with FDM 3D printing enables fabrication of ketoprofen buccal films with sustained release. Simple infill pattern modifications effectively modulate release profiles, highlighting the potential of this accessible approach for personalized buccal drug delivery.

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PubMedPest management science2026-09-18

Exogenous methyl jasmonate spray modulates Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck volatiles and impairs Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) development.

Magalhães Tomás T, Ruano Daniela D, Rodrigues Nuno N, Peña Leandro L et al.

Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application induces plant defenses and modifies volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Understanding the effects of MeJA treatment on the VOC profile of lemon plants (Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck) and on Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio), a vector of the citrus Huanglongbing pathogen, may contribute to the development of novel management strategies for this vector. Exogenous MeJA application reduced T. erytreae oviposition by 69.0% in lemon plants. While 94.9% of the eggs successfully developed into nymphs on untreated plants, only 53.6% reached the nymphal stage on MeJA-sprayed plants. Using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) we found that both VOC emissions and endogenous JA levels were modulated by MeJA treatment and T. erytreae infestation. The isolated effect of adult psyllid feeding and oviposition had a greater impact on lemon plants 5 days after spray. The combined effect of MeJA spray and continuous nymphal feeding had a higher impact on lemon plants 25 days after spray. The response of lemon plants to MeJA spray and T. erytreae infestation was found to be associated with volatiles such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, alcohols, esters and aldehydes. The exogenous application of MeJA induced VOC emissions and JA-related biochemical responses in lemon plants, significantly hindering T. erytreae infestation. These findings suggest that MeJA spray warrants further investigation as a complementary strategy for T. erytreae control. The utilization of MeJA in field settings merits further investigation in future field and semi-field studies. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

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PubMedSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026-09-18

A General Spatial-Confinement Strategy for Atomic-Level Engineering of Single-Crystal Li-Rich Manganese-Based Oxides.

Jiang Peng P, Bao Rui R, Xu Tingting T, Xie Chuxuan C et al.

The commercialization of Li-rich manganese-based oxides (LRMOs) is stymied by intractable voltage decay and sluggish kinetics, stemming from the inherent challenge of achieving atomic-level stoichiometric precision via conventional co-precipitation or solid-state methods. Herein, a versatile and scalable one-step acetate-precursor-facilitated spray pyrolysis strategy is reported for the atomic-level engineering of O3-type single-crystalline Li1.194Ni0.123Co0.131Mn0.560O2 (denoted as Li-1.38). Within the spatially confined "microreactor" formed by spray droplets, atomic-scale homogenization is achieved, ensuring precise stoichiometry while predefining the homogeneous dispersion of Mn and Ni to synergistically boost capacity and reinforce structural stability. Concurrently, this strategy precisely orchestrates the LiTMO2/Li2MnO3 phase equilibrium and maximizes the Mn4+ fraction to facilitate the formation of robust LiMn6 honeycomb superlattices. This optimized structural ordering elevates the thermodynamic barrier for oxygen vacancy formation and mitigates Li+/Ni2+ cation mixing, as corroborated by distribution of relaxation times (DRT) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Consequently, the pristine Li-1.38 cathode exhibits an exceptional initial capacity (246.29 mAh·g-1 at 0.1 C), along with inhibited phase transformations and expedited Li+ transport kinetics (DLi+ ≈ 2.28 × 10-9 cm2·s-1). This work establishes the atomistic structure-performance correlations and provides a scalable paradigm for the continuous manufacturing of high-energy-density LRMOs.

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