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ketoprofen spray

✓ Approved

Giuliani · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is ketoprofen spray?

ketoprofen spray is a small molecule developed by Giuliani. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

CompanyGiuliani
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Giuliani

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

ketoprofen spray acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

ketoprofen spray is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Hepatobiliary disordersHepatitis✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersMusculoskeletal pain✓ Approved

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PubMedJournal of environmental sciences (China)2026-07-25

Significant contributions of sea spray aerosol to vertical ClNO2 formation over coastal South China.

Zhu Yuqi Y, Huang Yuxuan Y, Xiong Chuqi C, Liu Yiming Y et al.

Nitryl chloride (ClNO2), an important precursor of chlorine radicals (Cl), significantly enhances atmospheric oxidative capacity (AOC) during early morning hours. Previous studies have shown that ClNO2 exhibits distinct vertical characteristics, with concentrations typically higher in coastal areas, raising concerns about chlorine-induced pollution. This study investigates the vertical formation of ClNO2 in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), focusing on the contribution of sea spray aerosol (SSA). Using field observations and WRF-CMAQ model simulations, we assess the impact of SSA on nocturnal heterogeneous reactions driving ClNO2 formation. The observations show that ClNO2 mixing ratios are significantly higher in the upper boundary layer (∼200 m) compared to surface measurements, with peak mixing ratios occurring in the early morning. Air mass trajectory analysis shows that the marine air masses are primarily responsible for elevated ClNO2 levels aloft. The maximum contribution of SSA to ClNO2 yield is found to be more than 95 % of the total yield. Process analysis identifies the upper boundary layer as the critical region for ClNO2 formation, with SSA playing a dominant role. Moreover, SSA not only enhances ClNO2 production but also increases the mixing ratios of chlorine and hydroxyl radicals at higher altitudes the following day (∼400 m), significantly boosting AOC, with an increase in AOC of up to 10 %. These findings highlight the pivotal role of SSA in modulating vertical ClNO2 formation and its broader impacts on regional air quality, particularly in coastal areas.

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PubMedMolecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement2026-07-25

Spray-induced gene silencing targeting ZmHSF20 enhances maize thermotolerance.

Zhang Jie J, Zhang Zichen Z, Lin Mingzhou M, Dai Mingqiu M et al.

Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) is an emerging, time-efficient, and eco-friendly strategy for crop trait manipulation. Heat stress severely threatens global maize production; however, whether SIGS can be effectively applied to improve maize heat tolerance remains largely unexplored. The transcription factor ZmHSF20, a class B2a heat shock factor, has been identified as a negative regulator of maize thermotolerance that represses the ZmHSF4-ZmCESA2 module (Li et al. 2024), yet whether its silencing via a non-transgenic RNA-based approach can confer heat protection is unknown. Here, we designed a specific artificial small RNA atsRNA-ZmHSF20 targeting ZmHSF20 and evaluated its potential in improving maize thermotolerance via the SIGS approach. Compared with untreated plants, foliar application of atsRNA-ZmHSF20 significantly enhanced maize heat tolerance, leading to a remarkable increase in survival rate from 7.94% to 41.37% (~ 5.2-fold improvement). Physiological analyses revealed that exogenous application of atsRNA-ZmHSF20 mitigated heat-induced oxidative damage, as evidenced by reduced ROS accumulation, ion leakage (IL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. At the molecular level, downregulating ZmHSF20 prior to heat stress pro-conditioned the plants for thermal tolerance by activating the previously characterized ZmHSF4-ZmCESA2 module, transcriptionally upregulating cell wall organization and cellulose biosynthesis pathways. This study provides an initial proof-of-concept for harnessing SIGS to enhance maize abiotic stress tolerance and offers a promising non-transgenic strategy for future applications in enhancing crop thermotolerance. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-026-01698-x.

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PubMedFrontiers in microbiology2026-07-25

Development of abiotic stress tolerance in inoculated apple plantlets with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Bacillus velezensis strain MWS28 in Korea.

Oh Soh-Young SY, Balaraju Kotnala K, Yoon Deok-Hoon DH, Lee Chang Hee CH et al.

This study investigated the potential of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Bacillus velezensis strain MWS28 (MWS28) to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in apple (Malus domestica) plantlets in Korea. Treatments with B. velezensis MWS28 or B. vallismortis EXTN-1 (positive control) by both foliar spraying and dipping methods significantly reduced cold injury symptoms, such as browning and tissue necrosis, compared to untreated controls. MWS28 treatment, especially via foliar spray, suppressed chilling injury by over 85%, outperforming conventional agents like benzothiadiazole (BTH) and streptomycin. Under drought conditions, both MWS28 and EXTN-1 treatments improved relative moisture content (RMC) and minimized leaf wilting throughout the stress period; MWS28-treated plants exhibited the strongest RMC after 15 days of water deprivation. Biochemical analysis showed MWS28-treated plants had significantly elevated activities of antioxidant enzymes (APX, CAT, SOD, and POD) and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating enhanced oxidative stress protection and membrane stability. MWS28 treatment also increased endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations under stress. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that MWS28 notably upregulated stress-related genes, particularly those involved in antioxidant defense, flavonoid biosynthesis (notably DFR, ANS, and UFGT), and pathogenesis-related (PR5 and PR8) genes in "Fuji" apple leaves using both dipping and foliar spray methods. These results collectively demonstrate that the MWS28 strain confers robust abiotic stress tolerance in apples by enhancing physiological resilience and activating key molecular defenses. This approach offers a promising, sustainable strategy for mitigating climate-related stresses in apple cultivation.

PMID 42499658
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PubMedSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026-07-24

Spray Pyrolysis Technique Enables Uniform Precursor Layer for Large-Area Flexible CZTSSe Solar Cells.

Wang Guidong G, Deng Hui H, Ye Yulian Y, Li Yifan Y et al.

Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) is a promising candidate for sustainable photovoltaics, realizing high efficiency via low-cost fabrication methods remains a challenge due to the difficulty of defect passivation. Herein, we report a feasible approach for fabricating high-quality CZTSSe absorber using the spray pyrolysis technique. Through optimizing the effects of spray flow rate and substrate temperature, we establish a critical processing window that ensures the formation of a dense, void-free precursor layer. The optimized absorber exhibits superior crystallinity with significantly reduced surface roughness, facilitating a high-quality interface with the CdS buffer layer. Deep-level defect analysis reveals that this optimized crystallization path can effectively suppress Cu/Zn cation disorder and minimize band-tail states, yielding a low Urbach energy of 33.98 meV. Consequently, the non-radiative recombination is substantially mitigated, accompanied by a reduced interface trap density and lower defect activation energy. The optimized CZTSSe solar cell achieves a PCE of 9.53% (active area: 0.21 cm2), accompanied by an enhanced open-circuit voltage. Furthermore, a large-area flexible CZTSSe solar cell with an active area of 1.22 cm2 achieves a PCE of 7.65% and retains 91.2% of its initial efficiency after 4 000 bending cycles. This work presents a straightforward and scalable approach for developing large-area kesterite solar cells.

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PubMedAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2026-07-24

Spray-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator With Ultra-High Current for Hydrogen Generation.

Cheng Jiahui J, Dong Yang Y, Zhang Liqiang L, Feng Yange Y et al.

Solid-liquid triboelectric nanogenerators (SL‑TENGs) have achieved notable progress in blue energy harvesting; however, their practical deployment is still limited by generally low and discontinuous current output. Here, we report a spray‑based TENG (S‑TENG) that introduces a dedicated spark discharge device (SDD) for active charge accumulation and controlled release. This design shifts the discharge process from the conventional passive and stochastic breakdown to an active, periodic spark‑discharge regime. Consequently, the S‑TENG delivers a breakthrough instantaneous short‑circuit current of 665 mA and an open‑circuit voltage of 900 V, operating continuously at 122 Hz, representing an improvement of over two orders of magnitude in both current amplitude and frequency compared to typical SL‑TENGs. Based on this high‑power output, the S‑TENG can directly illuminate a 110 W incandescent lamp or simultaneously drive 4000 commercial LEDs. When integrated with a power‑management circuit, it further enables water electrolysis for hydrogen production with an efficiency of 55.8%. This work not only pushes the current output of SL‑TENGs into the milliampere range but also provides a new strategy-through structural decoupling and active discharge regulation-to enhance the power density of TENGs, paving the way for their application in marine energy harvesting and electrochemical synthesis.

PMID 42496107
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PubMedEuropean journal of paediatric dentistry2026-07-24

Use of a Glass Ionomer Sealant in Permanent First Molars affected by Molar Hypomineralisation: A 12-Month Clinical Study.

Luppieri V V, Pecori A A, Concas M P MP, Cadenaro M M

To evaluate the survival rate and clinical status of a glass ionomer (GI) sealant in hypomineralised permanent first molars (PFMs), as well as to assess the occurrence of post-eruptive breakdown (PEB) and measure dentin hypersensitivity in the sealed molars over a 12-month follow-up period. Fifty-two hypomineralised PFMs, with at least two-thirds of their crown erupted, exhibiting opacities on the occlusal surface, no caries or PEB, were sealed using a GI sealant (GC Fuji Triage®). Clinical evaluation was performed using the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. PEB was clinically diagnosed. In-office dentin hypersensitivity to thermal stimuli (air spray) was measured using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS); at-home hypersensitivity to thermal (eating/drinking cold foods/beverages) and mechanical (brushing) stimuli was assessed by interviewing the patients. PFMs were evaluated at baseline, immediately after treatment and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Fully retained GI sealants were effective in preventing secondary caries and reducing dentin hypersensitivity in hypomineralised PFMs; however, they did not prevent PEB.

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