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piroxicam suppositories (Riacen)

✓ Approved

Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is piroxicam suppositories?

piroxicam suppositories is a small molecule developed by Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via rectal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesRiacen
CompanyChiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteRectal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

piroxicam suppositories acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

piroxicam suppositories is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Hepatobiliary disordersHepatitis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedPakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences2026-06-09

The hybrid drug delivery system of TCPP-Co, β-cyclodextrin and piroxicam: Spectroscopic characterization, morphological reorganization and controlled release dynamics.

Khaliq Sohail S, Najaf Iqbal Dure D, Mazher Mudassar M, Iqbal Zafar Z et al.

Piroxicam, a widely used NSAID, suffers from poor aqueous solubility, limited bioavailability and adverse gastrointestinal effects. Hybrid drug delivery systems combining organic carriers, metal complexes and supramolecular assemblies offer a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. To design and characterize a multifunctional hybrid drug delivery system integrating cobalt-substituted meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP-Co), β-cyclodextrin and piroxicam, with the goal of enhancing solubility, structural reorganization and controlled release. The hybrid system was synthesized in ethanol and characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, ¹H NMR, XRD and SEM. In-vitro release studies were performed in simulated gastric fluid and phosphate buffer, with kinetic modeling applied using Korsmeyer-Peppas, Higuchi and zero-order, first-order and Hixson-Crowell equations. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed supramolecular interactions through bathochromic shifts, broadened O-H and C=O vibrations and altered proton environments. XRD revealed amorphization, while SEM showed porous, fused morphologies. Drug release kinetics yielded a release exponent n≈0.66, indicating anomalous transport governed by both diffusion and matrix relaxation. The Hixson-Crowell model (R² = 0.993) supported surface erosion, while other models confirmed hybrid release behavior. The TCPP-Co/β-cyclodextrin/piroxicam hybrid system demonstrates enhanced solubility, disrupted crystallinity and controlled release dynamics. This supramolecular assembly validates the potential of metalloporphyrin-cyclodextrin hybrids as advanced NSAID delivery platforms with improved therapeutic performance.

PMID 42262210
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PubMedEuropean journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences2026-06-05

Engineering piroxicam crystals with targeted morphologies and polymorphs using organic additives: A comprehensive study of tablet performance and molecular mechanisms.

Liu Maoyuan M, Sun Xian X, Li Guangyue G, Xue Fumin F et al.

Piroxicam is widely employed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for the alleviation of inflammation and pain. However, its crystallization process is often accompanied by concomitant polymorphism, which poses challenges for production control. In this study, organic small molecules were utilized as additives to precisely regulate the polymorphic forms of piroxicam during cooling crystallization, enabling targeted modulation of the crystal morphology of Form I. Consequently, Form I sample with distinct morphologies and particle size distributions were successfully prepared. Through systematic comparison of the tablet properties of different crystal forms and different morphologies of piroxicam, it was found that the tablets prepared from the piroxicam crystals modified by organic small molecules such as citric acid and glutaric acid in the acetonitrile and ethyl acetate systems exhibited significantly superior key performance indicators such as hardness, angle of repose, and dissolution rate compared to commercial products. Notably, piroxicam Form I with a cuboid morphology was observed to display a dissolution rate approaching that of Form II. In addition, the mechanism of crystal form and morphology regulation was explained using molecular dynamics calculations. This study not only provides an effective approach for the co-regulation of crystal form and morphology in piroxicam, but also offers experimental evidence and process guidance for the production of high-performance tablet formulations.

PMID 42242587
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PubMedThe Journal of oral implantology2026-06-05

Preemptive Analgesia With Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Dental Implant Surgeries: A Systematic Review.

Gomes da Frota Eduardo E, Bergamaschi Cristiane de Cássia CC, Lopes Luciane Cruz LC, de Deus Lages Lívio Portela LP et al.

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preemptive analgesia using oral steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in adults undergoing dental implant surgery. A comprehensive search was conducted in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (via PubMed), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Virtual Health Library (VHL), Web of Science, and other databases with no restrictions on language or publication date. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing oral steroidal drugs or NSAIDs with placebo or other anti-inflammatory drugs were included. The primary outcomes were postoperative pain, edema, trismus, discomfort, and use of rescue medication. Pairs of reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Owing to clinical heterogeneity among the included studies, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Seven RCTs (n = 589 patients) evaluated aceclofenac 100 mg (in combination with acetaminophen), dexamethasone 4 mg, dexketoprofen 25 mg, etoricoxib 90 mg, ibuprofen 600 mg, ketorolac 10 mg, meloxicam 15 mg, nimesulide 100 mg, piroxicam 40 mg, and tenoxicam 20 mg. Favorable results have been reported with etoricoxib 90 mg, ibuprofen 600 mg, and nimesulide 100 mg for controlling postoperative pain and discomfort in single-implant procedures. Meloxicam and tenoxicam have demonstrated efficacy in invasive surgeries involving multiple implants and advanced techniques. Some studies have extended anti-inflammatory use to the postoperative period beyond rescue medication, potentially biasing the interpretation of preemptive efficacy. To date, no adverse drug reactions have been reported. Owing to the heterogeneity in protocols, drug regimens, and outcome measures, definitive conclusions regarding the most effective and safest preemptive agents could not be drawn. Future trials should emphasize methodological standardization and focus on widely used drugs to support evidence-based decisions in implant dentistry.

PMID 42242696
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PubMedArchives of Razi Institute2026-06-02

A Case of Urothelial Carcinoma in Situ of the Bladder in Local Dog in Bali, Indonesia.

Palagan Senopati Sewoyo S, Willy Moris Nainggolan N, I Made Kardena K, Ida Bagus Oka Winaya W et al.

Urothelial carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract arising from the transitional epithelium. Its clinical manifestations often overlap with non-neoplastic conditions, such as urinary tract infections, thereby presenting a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Differentiating from others condition is important, as the treatment and prognoses vary significantly. This case report presented a 4-year-old female local dog, weighing 11.55 kg in BVC Animal Hospital with a primary complaint of hematuria. Clinical, hematological, and serum biochemical evaluations revealed no significant abnormalities. Ultrasonographic (USG) examination identified a hypoechoic mass measuring 0.31×0.85 cm located within the lumen and thickening of urinary bladder wall. Cytological assessment was performed via urine catheterization. The cytological specimen demonstrated a population of cells with anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, raising suspicion of a malignant tumor. Consequently, biopsy was performed via cystotomy to establish a definitive diagnosis. Prior to release the histopathological results, post-cystotomy the dog was treated with cefadroxil as antibiotics at 20 mg/kg BW b.i.d for 14 days, carprofen as anti-inflammatory at 2 mg/kg BW s.i.d. for 5 days, and tramadol as analgesics at 2 mg/kg BW b.i.d. for 5 days. Histopathological examination showed a non-encapsulated tumor with well-defined demarcation in the mucosa. The tumor consists of a dense population of epithelial tumor cells without evidence of invasion, confirmed the diagnosis of non-invasive, non-papillary urothelial carcinoma (in situ). The patient was managed palliatively with the administration of piroxicam at 0.3 mg/kg BW s.i.d as monotherapy. Until day 190, the dog showing a stable disease. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case of canine urothelial carcinoma in Indonesi.

PMID 42226993
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PubMedJournal of maxillofacial and oral surgery2026-05-28

Effect of Intra-Socket Delivery of Piroxicam on Post-Extraction Dental Pain: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial.

Shinde Manasi M, Ingole Snehal N SN, Patil Namrata N, Meshram Deepashree D et al.

Post-extraction dental pain is common, often severe, and significantly impacts patient quality of life. NSAIDs like ibuprofen and diclofenac are standard treatments but have limitations, including short half-lives necessitating frequent dosing. Piroxicam, an oxicam class NSAID with a longer half-life and potent anti-inflammatory properties, offers potential advantages. This study evaluates the efficacy of intra-socket delivery of Piroxicam for post-extraction pain management compared to standard oral NSAID regimens. In this randomized clinical trial, 88 patients underwent bilateral molar extractions. Each received either a 20 mg piroxicam tablet in the socket with gelatin sponge or oral paracetamol (500 mg) and diclofenac (50 mg) for three days. Pain was recorded at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-extraction via VAS. A crossover design with a one-week interval was used. Only per-protocol patients were analyzed using nonparametric tests. Sixty participants completed the study. Pain intensity decreased over time in both groups, but significantly lower pain levels were observed in the piroxicam group at all intervals (p < 0.001). Males in the piroxicam group reported significantly lower pain levels at 12, 24, and 48 h compared to females. Only 36.7% of patients required rescue medication in the piroxicam group, indicating 63.3% efficacy. A single dose of 20 mg piroxicam administered intra-socket effectively manages post-extraction pain with fewer systemic adverse effects compared to conventional NSAIDs. This method provides a viable alternative for enhancing patient comfort and recovery post-dental extraction.

PMID 42206137
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PubMedInternational journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health2026-05-28

Selling Clean Vaginas: An Examination of Feminine Hygiene Products' Health and Cultural Messaging and Its Implications for Black Women's Sexual Health.

Jenkins Hall Wendasha W, Garvey Ibriana I

Feminine hygiene products (FHPs), including washes, deodorants, suppositories, and wipes, are widely marketed in the United States as essential to vaginal cleanliness, pH balance, and odor control. However, these products may contribute to adverse outcomes such as microbiome disruption, irritation, and infection. Black women disproportionately use FHPs and experience higher rates of reproductive health issues, yet the content and marketing of these products remain underexamined. This study investigates the health claims, ingredients, and marketing strategies of FHPs, with a focus on products explicitly marketed to Black women in the US. A conventional content analysis was conducted on 83 FHPs identified through US-based retail and e-commerce platforms between July 2022 and November 2024. Products were categorized by name, brand, claims, ingredients, point-of-sale (retail vs. e-commerce), and Black-owned. Products were also labeled "Black consumer focused" if they were produced by self-identified Black-owned brands and (1) marketed using culturally specific terms, language, or practices (e.g., "yoni", vaginal steaming), and/or (2) marketed claims related to health concerns disproportionately affecting Black women (e.g., fibroids, endometriosis). Of the products analyzed, 63.8% claimed to balance vaginal pH, 33.7% targeted odor elimination, and 15.6% claimed to treat BV or yeast infections. Products often contained acidic ingredients (56.6%) and fragrances (28%), despite limited safety data. Products marketed to Black women disproportionately used spiritual or empowerment language such as "yoni," promoted herbal or botanical formulations (90%), and made unsubstantiated claims to treat reproductive conditions such as fibroids, infertility, and menstrual irregularities. Marketing of FHPs reinforces myths about vaginal cleanliness and targets Black women with racially coded and scientifically unsupported claims. These practices may contribute to reproductive health disparities and warrant increased regulatory oversight, provider education, and culturally grounded health communication.

PMID 42205326
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