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propafenone hydrochloride (propafenone, SR / propafenone SR / Rythmol SR)

✓ Approved

GSK · SCN5A · Small Molecule

What is propafenone hydrochloride?

propafenone hydrochloride is a small molecule developed by GSK. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand Namespropafenone, SR, propafenone SR, Rythmol SR
CompanyGSK
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetSCN5A
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, GSK

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

propafenone hydrochloride acts on 1 molecular target:

SCN5Asodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 (CMD1E, SSS1)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

propafenone hydrochloride is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersAtrial fibrillation✓ Approved
Cardiac disordersVentricular fibrillation✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedScientific reports2026-06-09

Iris × germanica L. and Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott, two novel strontium hyperaccumulators.

Patriciu Popovici P, Gutu Claudia Maria CM, Ancuceanu Robert Viorel RV, Zarafu Irina I et al.

We examined the uptake and the effects of strontium (Sr) and vanadium (V) on the growth of hydroponically cultivated species Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott (NE) and Iris × germanica L. (IG). Each species was cultivated in deep water culture tanks in solutions containing 0-80 mg/L NH₄VO₃ and subsequently 50-200 mg/L Sr(NO₃)₂ for two weeks. The accumulated ions in the plant parts were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that across tested concentrations, neither strontium nor vanadium exerted any sizable effect on the growth of the two species. Both species efficiently accumulated Sr, with translocation factors (TF) consistently above 1 (approximately 1.2-2.2) and bioconcentration factors (BCF) ranging from approximately 6 to 9, meeting the criteria for classification as Sr hyperaccumulators. Total metal uptake reached values on the order of 103 mg/kg in both species at the highest concentrations tested. These results suggest that both NE and IG hold significant promise for Sr phytoremediation applications, demonstrating high tolerance to V and substantial root retention capacity, suggesting their potential utility in the phytostabilization of V-contaminated soils.

PMID 42259943
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PubMedBrain and behavior2026-06-09

Preliminary Psychometric Properties of Panic Disorder Severity Scale-Self-Report Version: Validity, Reliability, and the Cut-Off Point in Persian Clinical Samples.

Akhavan-Abiri Fatemeh F, Shaeiri Mohammad Reza MR, Farahani Hojjatollah H, Taghva Arsia A

Accurate assessment of panic disorder (PD) severity requires brief and psychometrically sound instruments. The Panic Disorder Severity Scale-Self-Report (PDSS-SR) is widely used for this purpose. The present study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability, and optimal cut-off point of the PDSS-SR in an Iranian sample. Following a descriptive design, the clinical group of the sample consisted of 45 clinical patients diagnosed with PD (75.6% female), with a mean age of 34.04 years (standard deviation [SD] = 12.17) in Tehran in 2023 and 2024 referred to psychotherapy clinics, along with 18 non-PD individuals for the comparison group (83.3% female), with an average age of 31.17 (SD = 7.94). Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, correlation matrices, reliability coefficients, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivity, specificity, and the estimation of cut-off points. The construct validity of the PDSS-SR was confirmed through CFA, with adequate goodness-of-fit for the PDSS-SR single-factor structure. By calculating the correlation of PDSS-SR scores with scores on anxiety-related scales, convergent validity was obtained on average. The sensitivity and specificity obtained from the PDSS-SR identified the optimal cut-off point of 6.500 (area under curve [AUC] = 0.78), with sensitivity (90.70%) and specificity (61.11%) based on the Youden index. Reliability was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, test-retest correlation coefficient, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as 0.864, 0.861, 0.716, and 0.864, respectively. This research found that the PDSS-SR had sufficient reliability, moderate convergent validity, and good construct validity in Iranian samples, with an optimal cut-off point of 6.50. Therefore, it can be applied in clinical settings.

PMID 42260765
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PubMedMedicine2026-06-09

Safety and efficacy of lorundrostat, an aldosterone synthase inhibitor, in patients with uncontrolled hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kamrul-Hasan A B M ABM, Chatterjee Subhankar S, Nagendra Lakshmi L, Nair Sunil S et al.

Limited data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicate that lorundrostat, an aldosterone synthase inhibitor, may be effective in managing uncontrolled hypertension (HTN). Currently, no systematic review or meta-analysis (SR/MA) has assessed the safety and efficacy of the drug in such clinical conditions; this SR/MA aims to fill that knowledge gap. Electronic databases and registers were searched from inception to June 30, 2025, for RCTs involving lorundrostat in the intervention arm and placebo in the control arm in individuals with uncontrolled HTN. The primary outcome was lorundrostat safety; additional outcome was its efficacy in lowering blood pressure (BP). Meta-analyses were conducted using the RevMan web with random-effects models, presenting results as risk ratios (RR) or mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Three low-bias RCTs with 1568 subjects were included. Over 6-12 weeks, lorundrostat (50 mg: RR 1.4 [1.23, 1.63]; 100 mg: RR 1.49 [1.29, 1.72]) increased risks of any adverse events (AEs), but not serious AEs, compared to placebo. Lorundrostat at both doses increased the risk of symptomatic hypotension. The lorundrostat group experienced a larger decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate and an increase in serum potassium levels. Lorundrostat 50 mg lowered office systolic (MD -11.11 mm Hg) and diastolic BP (MD -3.87 mm Hg) more than placebo, but not 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP. Lorundrostat 100 mg lowered office systolic (MD -8.09 mm Hg) and 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP (MD -7.18 mm Hg) more than placebo, but did not affect office diastolic BP. Lorundrostat effectively manages uncontrolled HTN but increases the risk of some AEs. More RCTs involving diverse populations are needed to improve clinical decision-making.

PMID 42260805
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PubMedDrug metabolism and bioanalysis2026-06-09

Formulation, Development, and In vitro Evaluation of Sustained Release Buccal Films for Optimized Memantine Therapy.

Dushyant, Nayak Subhashish S, Panchal Vrint V, Narwal Smita S et al.

Memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is employed in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease but has the disadvantage of low oral bioavailability owing to first-pass metabolism and multiple doses. Buccal drug delivery is one such alternative that has received attention for enhancing systemic availability and patient compliance. Sustained-release buccal films of memantine hydrochloride were prepared by the solvent casting technique using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol 940 as film-forming and mucoadhesive polymers, polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer, and menthol as permeation enhancer. UV and FTIR were used for preformulation studies and for compatibility testing. The films were assessed for their physicochemical properties, tensile strength, swelling studies, surface pH, drug content, residence time, and in vitro release. Optimization of the result was carried out by statistical regression analysis with Design Expert® software. The prepared films possessed uniform thickness, good mechanical properties, surface pH compatible with the buccal mucosa, and provided constant drug release for 8 h. FTIR studies revealed that there was no chemical incompatibility between memantine and excipients. F11 was found to have the highest drug content (90.1%), a good swelling index (19.4%), good folding endurance, and a conducive residence time of approximately 5 h. The sustained release and the positive mucoadhesive properties observed are in line with those reported for other buccal film systems. The swelling profile and drug release kinetics were markedly affected by the polymer concentration. The developed sustained-release buccal films of memantine hydrochloride demonstrated favorable physicochemical and in vitro release characteristics, indicating their potential as a noninvasive alternative drug delivery system. Although buccal administration is theoretically capable of bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism and improving systemic availability, such benefits could not be conclusively established in the absence of in vivo pharmacokinetic and ex vivo permeation studies. Therefore, further investigations are required to validate these potential advantages.

PMID 42260770
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PubMedBMC urology2026-06-09

Feasibility and preliminary safety of urologic telesurgery using Chinese surgical systems: a single-center exploratory case series.

Xu Tao T, Wang Zixing Z, Qi Ao A, Guo Meiling M et al.

Telesurgery offers a solution to the uneven distribution of surgical resources by enabling telesurgery through surgical robotic systems. This study aimed to describe the technical feasibility and preliminary short-term safety of urologic telesurgery using Chinese surgical systems (CSS). This single-center exploratory descriptive case series evaluated urologic telesurgery using CSS between January 2023 and October 2025. A total of 6 consecutive eligible telesurgeries were included: 3 robot-assisted radical prostatectomies (RARP) and 1 robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) were performed with the Edge MP1000 (MP1000) system, and 1 RAPN and 1 robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) were performed with the KangDuo SR-2000 (KD-SR-2000) system. Six locally performed RARP cases using the da Vinci Xi (DV-Xi) system during the same study period were retrospectively collected as a limited contextual reference for the RARP subgroup. The primary outcome was technical success, defined as completion without conversion. Secondary descriptive outcomes included perioperative safety events, 30-day Clavien-Dindo complications (CDC), network performance, and, in the RARP subgroup, positive surgical margin (PSM) rate, estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time, suture-per-stitch time, and 4-week urinary continence recovery after catheter removal. All six telesurgeries were completed without intraoperative conversion or major complications. In the RARP subgroup, remote MP1000 procedures were summarized alongside locally performed DV-Xi procedures as a limited contextual reference. PSM rate and early urinary continence recovery showed no obvious unfavorable signal in this small contextual cohort, whereas operative time and suture-per-stitch time were longer, and EBL was numerically higher, in remote procedures. Mean Network round-trip latency for telesurgery ranged from 6.13 ± 0.71 ms (Harbin-Harbin, 2 km) to 54.12 ± 0.58 ms (Harbin-Hangzhou, 2200 km), with no frame loss. In this small selected case series, urologic telesurgery using CSS was technically feasible and preliminary safety under stable telecommunication conditions.

PMID 42260478
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PubMedAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026-06-09

Conformationally Adaptive Crown Ether Embedded in a Metal Sulfide for Exceptional Strontium Capture.

Qi Xinghui X, He Linwei L, Chen Lixi L, Shi Zhiwei Z et al.

Precise conformational control of flexible supramolecular moieties (e.g., crown ethers) in crystalline-state adsorbents is essential for efficient host-guest recognition. Traditional strategies relying on covalent chemistry are often limited by either tedious synthesis or a sacrifice of conformational flexibility. Here, we introduce a simple non-covalent anchoring strategy where 18-crown-6 (18Cr6) molecules are in-situ embedded between the interlayer galleries of a perforated thiostannate framework (18Cr6-SnS) in one-pot synthesis. This architecture not only ensures ordered alignment of crown ethers but also preserves the intrinsic coordination freedom, thereby enabling exceptional Sr2+ binding affinity. 18Cr6-SnS exhibits a record-high distribution coefficient (Kd = 4.9 × 106 mL/g) under neutral conditions and excellent selectivity in simulated acidic high-level liquid waste, displaying high separation factors (Kd Sr/Kd M) for Cs+ (96), Eu3+ (245), and Ni2+ (621) in 1 M HNO3. Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the superior Sr2+ recognition arises from the conformational adaptability of intercalated crown ethers, coupled with adjustable interlayer spacing. This work establishes a cost-effective and scalable route to develop advanced adsorbents by synergizing host materials with flexible supramolecular receptors for critical energy and environmental applications.

PMID 42259620
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