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propafenone hydrochloride (propafenone, SR / propafenone SR / Rythmol SR)

✓ Approved

GSK · SCN5A · Small Molecule

What is propafenone hydrochloride?

propafenone hydrochloride is a small molecule developed by GSK. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand Namespropafenone, SR, propafenone SR, Rythmol SR
CompanyGSK
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetSCN5A
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, GSK

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

propafenone hydrochloride acts on 1 molecular target:

SCN5Asodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 (CMD1E, SSS1)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

propafenone hydrochloride is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersAtrial fibrillation✓ Approved
Cardiac disordersVentricular fibrillation✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedMedicine2026-07-25

Role of antazoline in cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bakht Danyal D, Arham Muhammad M, Yousaf Faiza F, Amir Maaz M et al.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Antazoline, a first-generation antihistamine with antiarrhythmic properties, has shown efficacy in the rapid conversion of recent-onset AF to sinus rhythm; however, direct comparative evidence against standard antiarrhythmic agents remains limited. This study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of antazoline for pharmacological cardioversion of AF, in comparison with standard antiarrhythmic agents such as amiodarone and propafenone. The methodology of this systematic review and meta-analysis adhered to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in ScienceDirect, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library from inception to April 2025, including citation and reference screening. Statistical analyses were performed using R version 2025.05.0 + 496. From 172 records, 5 studies comparing antazoline with propafenone (n = 5) or amiodarone (n = 3) for AF were included. For antazoline vs propafenone, conversion to sinus rhythm favored antazoline (risk ratio [RR] 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.23], P = .017). No significant difference was observed in time to conversion (mean difference -10.98 [95% CI: -124.93-102.98], P = .436), bradycardia (RR 0.84 [95% CI: 0.35-2.03], P = .478), hypotension (RR 0.40 [95% CI: 0.14-1.12], P = .056), or other adverse events (RR 1.24 [95% CI: 0.01-247.13], P = .694). For antazoline vs amiodarone, conversion to sinus rhythm favored antazoline (RR 1.22 [95% CI: 1.08-1.36], P = .018, I2 = 0%), with no significant differences in bradycardia (RR 1.36 [95% CI: 0-1072357.09], P = .823) or hypotension (RR 1.05 [95% CI: 0.04-26.16], P = .877). Antazoline might be more effective than propafenone and amiodarone in achieving sinus rhythm in AF, with no significant differences in safety outcomes.

PMID 42499094
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PubMedJournal of clinical epidemiology2026-07-25

Paper mills in evidence synthesis: reported involvement among retracted systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Begagić Emir E, Skenderi Faruk F, Vranić Semir S

To investigate reported paper mill involvement among retracted systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SR/MAs), and to compare retracted SR/MAs with and without reported paper mill involvement with respect to temporal patterns, disciplinary profile, country recorded in the database, and retraction characteristics. Cross-sectional study based on the Retraction Watch database. Records were screened to identify retracted SR/MAs. Reported paper mill involvement was assigned only when explicitly stated in the Retraction Watch record or associated retraction information; fake peer review was coded separately. Group comparisons used the Pearson chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. Associations with reported paper mill involvement were estimated using univariable Poisson regression with robust variance and reported as prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). These analyses were treated as exploratory, non-inferential internal contrasts within the dataset of already retracted SR/MAs. Among 69,163 retracted publications in the Retraction Watch dataset, 1,071 (1.5%) were identified as retracted SR/MAs. Of those, 191 (17.8%) were paper mill-associated and 880 (82.2%) were not. In the database country field, China was recorded for 732/1,071 retracted SR/MAs (68.3%) and 177/191 SR/MAs with reported paper mill involvement (92.7%). The annual number of paper mill-associated SR/MAs peaked in 2023 (n=152). Within this restricted dataset, paper mill-associated SR/MAs had a longer median time to retraction (511 vs 459 days; p=0.024), more frequent results-related concerns (89.0% vs 30.0%), data issues (53.4% vs 17.5%), referencing concerns (53.9% vs 13.6%), and ethical concerns (8.9% vs 2.6%) (all p<0.001), and less frequent multi-country authorship (8.9% vs 17.6%; p=0.004). In univariable Poisson regression analyses restricted to retracted SR/MAs, larger observed proportions of reported paper mill involvement were seen among records linked to China in the database country field (PR 5.86, 95% CI 3.45-9.93), more recent publication years (PR 1.20 per 1-year increase, 95% CI 1.16-1.23), the medical broad domain (PR 3.66, 95% CI 1.66-8.08), and records with results-related concerns (PR 11.88, 95% CI 7.68-18.39). These PRs should not be interpreted as likelihoods, risks, or rates beyond the analyzed Retraction Watch subset. In this Retraction Watch-based analysis, reported paper mill involvement was identified in 191/1,071 retracted SR/MAs (17.8%). These records were most often linked to China in the database country field (177/191; 92.7%) and clustered in recent years, particularly 2023. These findings should be interpreted as descriptive patterns within detected and retracted records, not as country-level rates, comparative performance indicators, or estimates of the true prevalence of paper mill activity.

PMID 42498084
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PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-07-25

Genetic testing and reproductive decision-making in Chinese families with inherited retinal disease: a cross-sectional study.

Gu Victoria Y VY, Guo Jingli J, Zhang Xuerui X, Zhang Wenting W et al.

To identify variables associated with parental willingness toward genetic testing (GT) and subsequent reproductive (SR) intentions via natural conception (NC) or assisted reproductive technology (ART) among Chinese families with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). Cross-sectional study of 136 children with IRDs and their biological parents at two academic referral centers in Shanghai, China (September 2023 to March 2024). Parents were surveyed on demographics, clinical characteristics, parent-reported outcome measures (ROMs) for psychosocial and economic burden, and willingness toward GT and SR. Formal genetic counseling was not available at participating centers. Among 136 children [mean (SD) age, 7.10 (4.32) years; 50 (36.8%) female and their parents [mean (SD) age, 34.4 (5.8) years; 84 (61.8%) mothers], 72.1% had or were willing to undergo GT. GT willingness was positively associated with child age under 12 (OR, 1.61; P = 0.019), married status (OR, 5.94; P = 0.016), and IRD-related strife (OR, 3.61; P = 0.014), and negatively with parental severe vision impairment (OR, 0.19; P = 0.012). Child gender predicted unwillingness rationale (P = 0.002); parents of males cited apprehension about results, while parents of females cited cost. Most parents indicated SR unwillingness (NC: 60.3%; ART: 52.2%), with greater willingness toward ART than NC (P = 0.041). Both SR types were positively associated with parental vision impairment (NC: OR, 7.67; P = 0.029; ART: OR, 4.82; P = 0.046). Parental GT and SR decision-making was shaped by clinical and psychosocial factors, underscoring the need for genetic counseling at IRD referral centers.

PMID 42500514
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PubMedJournal of neurointerventional surgery2026-07-25

First-pass aspiration versus stent retriever thrombectomy: machine learning study of treatment effect heterogeneity.

Chen Huanwen H, Isidor Julio J, Schirmer Clemens C, Ernst Marielle M et al.

Randomized trials have shown equivocal outcomes between a direct aspiration as first-pass technique (ADAPT) and stent retriever (SR) stroke thrombectomy, yet whether specific patient subgroups benefit differentially from one technique over the other remains unknown. In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, patients with large vessel occlusion were included, and those who underwent ADAPT versus SR first-pass thrombectomy (either as standalone or combined with aspiration) were compared. The primary outcome was a composite of first-pass effect (FPE, modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2c or better with one attempt) with no symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). A causal forest model was used to estimate the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) for each patient, with larger CATEs indicating that ADAPT is expected to be more advantageous. Patients were stratified by CATEs, and outcomes were compared between treatment groups. Among 6700 included patients, ADAPT (n=3695, 55%) was associated with a higher rate of FPE with no sICH (39.9% vs 26.9%; adjusted OR (aOR) 2.07, 95% CI 1.77 to 2.41, P<0.001). The causal forest identified significant treatment effect heterogeneity (interaction P<0.001), where ADAPT was more advantageous in more recent years and among patients with M1 occlusions presenting in earlier time windows. Low-CATE patients showed no statistically significant difference between techniques (aOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.45, P=0.70), while medium- and high-CATE patients demonstrated progressively larger ADAPT advantages (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.67 to 2.55, and aOR 2.99, 95% CI 2.24 to 3.98, respectively, both P<0.001). ADAPT may be superior to SR for a majority of patients, particularly in recent years, and among patients with M1 occlusions presenting in earlier time windows.

PMID 42498630
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PubMedInternational journal of language & communication disorders2026-07-25

Combining Nonword and Sentence Repetition to Identify Developmental Language Disorder.

Pham Giang T GT, Do Ngoc N, Ramos Michelle N MN, Ebert Kerry Danahy KD

Nonword repetition and sentence repetition have been useful in identification of developmental language disorder (DLD). Each task has demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity, though their diagnostic accuracy has varied across children's ages, specific measures, and languages. These tasks tap into different underlying weaknesses associated with DLD, but few studies have examined the diagnostic utility of combining them. The present study compares the diagnostic accuracy of each task-nonword repetition and sentence repetition-to that of combining the two tasks in order to evaluate their utility in DLD identification. Participants were 196 monolingual Vietnamese speakers, ages 4-6, living in the northern region of Vietnam. As part of a larger study, participants were divided into typical development (TD: n = 168) and DLD (n = 28). We used logistic regression with ROC curves to empirically derive cutpoints and calculate diagnostic accuracy measures for each task separately and in combination. Nonword repetition and sentence repetition each showed adequate sensitivity (NWR: 89.3%; SR: 82.1%) but unacceptable specificity (NWR: 41.1%; SR: 76.2%). The combination of tasks showed adequate sensitivity (85.7%) and specificity (81.6%) as well as informative positive (4.65) and negative (0.18) likelihood ratios. Nonword and sentence repetition may tap different underlying weaknesses and together provide useful diagnostic information to accurately identify DLD in Vietnamese monolingual children, ages 4 to 6. The next step is to translate research findings to practice by further validating the combined model and automate procedures for ease of scoring and interpretation. What is already known on this subject Nonword repetition and sentence repetition have contributed to the accurate identification of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). However, the diagnostic accuracy of each task varies across ages and languages, and their combined effect is understudied. Because each task measures different weaknesses associated with DLD, combining them could improve identification accuracy. What does this study add to existing knowledge This study examined whether combining nonword and sentence repetition improves DLD identification. Within a group of 196 4- to 6-year-old children in Vietnam, we found that the combination of tasks was better at identifying DLD than each task alone. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Combining nonword and sentence repetition holds promise for accurately and quickly identifying DLD. Next steps are to further validate this combination of tasks and to translate research findings into clinical practice.

PMID 42500845
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PubMedJournal of dental research2026-07-25

A Bioactive Janus Barrier Membrane Rejuvenates Bone Regeneration in Aging.

Zhang L L, Fu Y Y, Chen X X, Hu Y Y et al.

Aging significantly impairs guided bone regeneration (GBR) by disrupting stem cell recruitment and exacerbating cellular senescence. To address this challenge, we engineered a quercetin and Sr-hydroxyapatite/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (QSHP) Janus barrier membrane. The asymmetric design featured a dense poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) layer for epithelial exclusion and a functionalized nanowire layer that enabled controlled codelivery of Sr2+ and quercetin. In vitro, the QSHP membrane markedly enhanced the migration and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells while effectively mitigating H2O2-induced senescence and restoring osteogenic capacity. In aged rat mandibular defects, the QSHP membrane treatment yielded the highest newly formed bone volume and restored biomechanical properties approaching those of native bone. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses revealed accelerated early osteogenesis, increased recruitment of CD44+ stem cells, and concomitant attenuation of cellular senescence. Collectively, the QSHP membrane rejuvenates the senescence-impaired bone regenerative niche, enabling functional bone regeneration and offering a clinically promising strategy for GBR in aged patients.

PMID 42499221
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