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minocycline hydrochloride

✓ Approved

PreCision Dermatology · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is minocycline hydrochloride?

minocycline hydrochloride is a small molecule developed by PreCision Dermatology. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

CompanyPreCision Dermatology
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, PreCision Dermatology

Therapeutic Indications

minocycline hydrochloride is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsStreptococcal infection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of neuroimmunology2026-06-09

Microglia-associated hippocampal NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 activation in methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference and behavioral alterations.

Fan Xuan X, Li Yuansen Y, Wang Yuexin Y, Guo Li L et al.

Methamphetamine (METH) addiction is frequently accompanied by emotional disturbances and cognitive impairments. Accumulating evidence suggests that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation contributes to substance use disorders; however, its role in METH addiction-related behavioral abnormalities and underlying mechanisms remains incompletely understood. A mouse model of METH-conditioned place preference (CPP) was established using a classical conditioned place preference paradigm. Behavioral alterations, including anxiety-related and cognitive-associated phenotypes, were evaluated using the open field test, novel object recognition test, and Morris water maze. Microglial activation was pharmacologically inhibited with minocycline. The hippocampal NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β inflammatory signaling pathway was examined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. METH-treated mice developed a robust CPP, confirming successful establishment of the METH-conditioned place preference model. In addition to reward-related behavior, METH exposure induced pronounced anxiety-related behavioral alterations and learning and memory deficits. Minocycline administration significantly reduced METH-induced CPP without producing reward effects when administered alone. Moreover, minocycline was associated with improvements in anxiety-related behavioral alterations and improved cognitive performance in METH-addicted mice. At the molecular level, METH addiction was associated with increased mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β in the hippocampus. Minocycline treatment was associated with a significant attenuation of the upregulation of NF-κB, NLRP3, and Caspase-1, while the reduction in IL-1β did not reach statistical significance. These findings suggest that METH exposure is associated with emotional and cognitive dysfunctions in addition to reward-related behaviors, potentially involving microglia-associated activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Targeting microglial activation and neuroinflammatory pathways may represent a potential strategy for further investigation in modulating METH-related behavioral alterations.

PMID 42259129
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PubMedJournal of vector borne diseases2026-06-09

Minocycline for management of Japanese encephalitis: A case report.

Palaniswamy Naveenraj N, Azarudheen P M PM, Unnikrishnan Syam S

Japanese encephalitis virus infection manifests as acute encephalitis syndrome leading to significant neurological disability with estimated incidence around 85,000 cases per year and case fatality rate of 30%. Treatment remains largely conservative as there is no specific antiviral available till date. Clinical trials have failed to show the benefit of drugs studied, except minocycline which has some limited evidence. Preclinical studies and in silico analysis led to identification of various synthetic and natural compounds which could be potential therapies in the future. This article provides an overview of the potential therapeutic options for Japanese encephalitis available in the literature with a description of a case treated to have significant neurological recovery at a resource poor setting.

PMID 42262793
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PubMedDrug metabolism and bioanalysis2026-06-09

Formulation, Development, and In vitro Evaluation of Sustained Release Buccal Films for Optimized Memantine Therapy.

Dushyant, Nayak Subhashish S, Panchal Vrint V, Narwal Smita S et al.

Memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is employed in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease but has the disadvantage of low oral bioavailability owing to first-pass metabolism and multiple doses. Buccal drug delivery is one such alternative that has received attention for enhancing systemic availability and patient compliance. Sustained-release buccal films of memantine hydrochloride were prepared by the solvent casting technique using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol 940 as film-forming and mucoadhesive polymers, polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer, and menthol as permeation enhancer. UV and FTIR were used for preformulation studies and for compatibility testing. The films were assessed for their physicochemical properties, tensile strength, swelling studies, surface pH, drug content, residence time, and in vitro release. Optimization of the result was carried out by statistical regression analysis with Design Expert® software. The prepared films possessed uniform thickness, good mechanical properties, surface pH compatible with the buccal mucosa, and provided constant drug release for 8 h. FTIR studies revealed that there was no chemical incompatibility between memantine and excipients. F11 was found to have the highest drug content (90.1%), a good swelling index (19.4%), good folding endurance, and a conducive residence time of approximately 5 h. The sustained release and the positive mucoadhesive properties observed are in line with those reported for other buccal film systems. The swelling profile and drug release kinetics were markedly affected by the polymer concentration. The developed sustained-release buccal films of memantine hydrochloride demonstrated favorable physicochemical and in vitro release characteristics, indicating their potential as a noninvasive alternative drug delivery system. Although buccal administration is theoretically capable of bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism and improving systemic availability, such benefits could not be conclusively established in the absence of in vivo pharmacokinetic and ex vivo permeation studies. Therefore, further investigations are required to validate these potential advantages.

PMID 42260770
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PubMedBioorganic chemistry2026-06-09

Structure-activity relationship of lycorine scaffolds reveals translation inhibition as a determinant of broad-spectrum antiviral activity.

Belem Martins Luan Letieri LL, Merindol Natacha N, Lamichhane Basanta B, Ngoc Ha Pham HP et al.

Viral infections caused by Lentiviruses, Betacoronaviruses, and Orthoflaviviruses result in substantial global morbidity and mortality, underscoring the need for additional antiviral agents. The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid lycorine exhibits potent broad-spectrum antiviral activity but is limited by cytotoxicity. Although prior structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies have explored lycorine modifications against individual viruses, no comparative evaluation across distinct viral families has been reported. Here, we evaluated 12 lycorine derivatives against three representative RNA viruses, HIV-1, HCoV-OC43, and DENV-2, alongside mechanistic and safety profiling. Lycorine, evaluated as both free base and hydrochloride salt, did not inhibit HIV-1 at non-cytotoxic concentrations, whereas anhydrolycorine, not previously described as an antiviral agent, selectively inhibited HIV-1 (EC₅₀ = 11 μM, selectivity index (SI) > 10). Lycorene (EC₅₀ = 0.3 μM), lycorine-2-one (EC₅₀ = 1.4 μM), and 1-monoacetyllycorine (EC₅₀ = 1.4 μM) inhibited HCoV-OC43 with lower cytotoxicity than lycorine (EC₅₀ = 1 μM, SI = 78). Against DENV-2, lycorine and lycorene retained submicromolar potency. A cell-free translation assay revealed that lycorine and lycorene potently inhibited both general eukaryotic and DENV-2 viral RNA translation at concentrations consistent with their antiviral EC₅₀ values, whereas RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibition of IFN-type I production did not correlate with cellular antiviral potency. Metabolic profiling indicated that the derivatives decreased the glycolysis-to-oxidative phosphorylation ratio in primary macrophages, consistent with a host-directed metabolic mechanism. SAR analysis identified C1/C2 hydroxyl modifications, C-ring flexibility, and protonation state as key determinants of both potency and selectivity across viral targets. These findings provide a SAR framework across three viral families for optimizing lycorine-based broad-spectrum antivirals.

PMID 42259145
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PubMedLangmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids2026-06-09

Full-Component Valorization of Coal Gangue: Interfacial Synergy in Metal Ion-Derived Layered Oxides and SiO2-Supported Composites for PMS Activation and Tetracycline Adsorption.

Zhang Pengfei P, Zhang Hao H, Yan Xin X, Zhang Hongji H et al.

It is crucial to achieve the valid treatment and reuse of solid waste coal gangue (CG). This work extracted Al and Fe elements from solid waste coal gangue (CG) for the synthesis of layered double hydroxides (NiAlFe-LDHs), which were then converted to layered oxides (LDOs) via calcination to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. NiAlFe-LDOs/SiO2 was also synthesized utilizing leached CG (SiO2) as an inorganic support through thermal treatment of NiAlFe-LDH/SiO2 under an air atmosphere. Due to the different structures and physicochemical properties, NiAlFe-LDOs and NiAlFe-LDOs/SiO2 displayed different removal performance toward organic pollutants. LDO-400 exhibited an outstanding RhB degradation efficiency of about 96% within 20 min in the PMS activation system, and it also showed excellent cycling stability with about 82% degradation efficiency after the eighth cycle. The toxicity of RhB and its degradation intermediates was simulated via ECOSAR software to evaluate the environmental safety of the degradation process. For practical application, LDO@sodium alginate (SA) gel beads were synthesized and employed in a fixed-bed reactor, which maintained a degradation efficiency exceeding 90% after 96 h of continuous operation. Other than the excellent RhB degradation efficiency of LDO-400, LDO/SiO2-400 showed a more remarkable adsorption efficiency of 95% toward tetracycline hydrochloride (TC, 50 mg·L-1) within 40 min compared with LDO-400 (54%) and SiO2 (7%). This work not only provides an effective strategy for aquatic pollutant removal but also realizes the comprehensive utilization of CG as an inorganic non-metallic raw material.

PMID 42259653
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PubMedJournal of the American Heart Association2026-06-09

Genetic Investigation of Corrected QT Interval Sensitivity to Oral Bepridil Hydrochloride Hydrate in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Ishibashi Naoki N, Furutani Motoki M, Nakashima Mika M, Ishida Shunsuke S et al.

Bepridil is an antiarrhythmic drug used to treat paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; however, its use is limited by corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with bepridil-associated QTc prolongation after catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. A total of 523 patients who initiated bepridil therapy after catheter ablation at Hiroshima University between November 2013 and March 2023 were enrolled. Of these, 445 patients were included in a genome-wide association study, and 78 were used as an independent replication cohort. QTc was measured 1 month after treatment initiation, with QTc prolongation defined as ≥450 ms in men and ≥460 ms in women. Logistic regression analyses were conducted using additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models. Variants showing suggestive associations in the genome-wide association study (P<1.00×10-6) were evaluated in the replication cohort, followed by random-effects meta-analyses, with genome-wide significance defined as P<5.00×10-8. Linear regression analyses were conducted for QTc prolongation. After quality control, 443 patients were analyzed in the genome-wide association study. Of these, 122 (28%) exhibited QTc prolongation. Under the recessive model, rs12622919, an intronic variant in the FSHR (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) gene, showed a suggestive association. In the random-effects meta-analysis combining the discovery and replication cohorts, rs12622919 reached genome-wide significance. Exploratory sex-stratified analyses suggested a potential association in women (P=0.026), although no statistically significant genotype-by-sex interaction was observed. Inclusion of rs12622919 improved discrimination for QTc prolongation (area under the curve, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.70-0.84]; Welch's t test, P<0.001), with the improvement remaining significant by DeLong's test (area under the curve, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.74-0.84]; P=0.0078). The FSHR variant rs12622919 is associated with bepridil-associated QTc prolongation and may serve as a genetic biomarker for individual risk assessment. Because the findings are based on meta-analysis, independent validation is required.

PMID 42261952
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