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adjuvants (ImmuMax / ImmuMax SR / adjuvants, Repros)

✓ Approved

Repros Therapeutics Inc. · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is adjuvants?

adjuvants is a small molecule developed by Repros Therapeutics Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via unknown.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesImmuMax, ImmuMax SR, adjuvants, Repros
CompanyRepros Therapeutics Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteUnknown
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Repros Therapeutics Inc.

Therapeutic Indications

adjuvants is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresOral appliance application✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedAAPS PharmSciTech2026-09-19

Comprehensive Stability Assessment of Squalene in a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant and the SpiN-Tec Vaccine: HPLC Quantification, Stress Testing, and Stability Studies.

Gomes Isabela Pereira IP, Rivelli Graziella Gomes GG, Bagno Flávia Fonseca FF, Hojo-Souza Natália Satchiko NS et al.

Squalene-based nanoemulsions are widely used as adjuvants in vaccine formulations, but their stability can be affected by environmental factors such as pH, oxidative stress, temperature, and light. We have produced a squalene nanoemulsion (CTVad1) to support the clinical development of new vaccines. This study aimed to develop and validate an HPLC method for squalene quantification in SpiN-Tec, a recombinant protein vaccine against COVID-19. We also aimed to evaluate the stability of the CTVad1 adjuvant and SpiN-Tec under controlled storage conditions. A reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated, and comprehensive forced degradation studies were performed on the raw material and SpiN-Tec under acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions to demonstrate the stability-indicating capability of the method. Physicochemical, morphological, and biological characteristics were assessed, and stability studies of both the vaccine and the CTVad1 adjuvant were performed under accelerated and long-term conditions. The HPLC method was selective, precise, accurate, linear, and robust. Squalene raw material degraded under all tested conditions, whereas formulation in nano-sized globules improved its stability, with degradation observed only under hydrogen peroxide and light exposure. CTVad1 remained stable over time, exhibiting only minor, non-critical changes within the specification limits in both accelerated and long-term stability studies, regardless of the glass packaging used (clear or amber). In addition, the SpiN-Tec vaccine maintained its physicochemical and biological integrity under all tested conditions, with all evaluated parameters remaining within the established specification ranges. Our findings demonstrate that proper formulation, packaging, and storage conditions can preserve squalene stability in nanoemulsion-based vaccines, ensuring the quality, safety, and efficacy of the SpiN-Tec vaccine and its adjuvant throughout shelf life.

PMID 42760453
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PubMedPest management science2026-09-18

Absorption and translocation of 14C-propiconazole associated with two adjuvants in young coffee plants.

Ivo Valéria de Souza VS, Leite Emerson E, Mak José J, Tornisielo Valdemar Luiz VL et al.

This study evaluated the absorption, translocation and distribution of 14C-propiconazole applied alone or combined with two biodegradable adjuvants for coffee rust control. Solutions containing 0.5% (v/v) adjuvant were applied to the adaxial leaf surface and absorption was quantified by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) and semi-quantitatively assessed by autoradiography. The treatment 14C-propiconazole-DPS showed the highest absorption rate, reaching 0.16% h-1. In contrast, the treatments of pure 14C-propiconazole and 14C-propiconazole-WS exhibited lower absorption rates, with 0.055% h-1 and 0.028% h-1, respectively. Although maximum translocation did not exceed 1.0% of the applied amount in any treatment, qualitative analysis revealed distinct patterns: pure 14C-propiconazole translocated to opposite leaves and to leaves below the treated leaf, demonstrating radial transport, whereas 14C-propiconazole-WS showed limited translocation after 96 h after application. The biodegradable adjuvants demonstrated complementary effects: one adjuvant enhanced the initial absorption of propiconazole, whereas the other contributed to product persistence on the leaf surface and delayed translocation. Both adjuvants showed potential for improving fungicide performance, representing promising alternatives for more efficient and sustainable control of coffee leaf rust. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

PMID 42755029
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-09-18

Comparative immunogenicity and protective efficacy of BECC438 and BECC470 adjuvants in a vaccine formulation against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Halder Prolay P, Howlader Debaki Ranjan DR, Biswas Satabdi S, Haldar Risha R et al.

The development of effective vaccines against the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) remains a critical public health priority for susceptible individuals due, in part, to the pathogen's intrinsic resistance mechanisms. This study evaluates the comparative immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two novel lipid A mimetic adjuvants, BECC438 (BECC438s or BECC438b) and BECC470 (BECC470s or BECC470b), in a subunit vaccine (L-PaF - a genetic fusion of Pa type III secretion system proteins PcrV and PopB with LTA1, the active moiety of heat-labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic E. coli) formulated into an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion to target Pa. BECC438b and BECC470b are biologically derived lipid A analogues produced using a Bacterial Enzymatic Combinatorial Chemistry (BECC) platform. In contrast, BECC438s and BECC470s are chemically synthesized counterparts designed to achieve high purity, eliminating congener species that could interfere with selective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation while minimizing potential reactogenicity. Vaccine formulations incorporating BECC438 or BECC470 with Pa antigens were administered to mice via intranasal (IN) or intramuscular (IM) routes, followed by assessment of immune responses and lung burden post-challenge with Pa. IN immunization with BECC438s or BECC438b induced robust antigen-specific IgG and IgA responses, with a balanced IgG1/IgG3 profile that is indicative of mixed Th1/Th2 polarization, however, IgG1 remained the predominant antibody subclass. BECC438s conferred the highest protection against Pa challenge by reducing bacterial burden and improving immune responses following IN immunization. Moreover, L-PaF/ME/BECC438s delivered IN provided superior protection when compared to IM immunization. Serum antibody titers and pre-challenged or post-challenged cytokine responses were directly correlated with bacterial clearance upon Pa pulmonary challenge. These findings suggest that BECC438 offers enhanced mucosal and systemic immunity over BECC470 in this infection model, making it a promising candidate for inclusion in mucosal next-generation Pa vaccines. Overall, this comparative analysis highlights the potential of BECC derived adjuvants to improve vaccine performance against multidrug-resistant pathogens like Pa following IN immunization. Further studies are warranted to evaluate their translational potential in human populations.

PMID 42756129
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PubMedHeart & lung : the journal of critical care2026-09-18

Comparison of analgesic efficacy of dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local anaesthetic in transversus thoracic muscle plane block in adult patients undergoing median sternotomy: A randomised controlled trial.

Kumari Poonam P, Jha Lalit L, Kumar Amarjeet A, Sinha Chandni C et al.

Post-sternotomy pain contributes significantly to delayed recovery following cardiac surgery. The transversus thoracic muscle plane block (TTPB) is a recently described regional anaesthetic technique that provides analgesia to the anterior chest wall. The addition of adjuvants such as dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine may enhance the analgesic efficacy of TTPB. This study compared the analgesic efficacy of dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to bupivacaine for TTPB in patients undergoing median sternotomy. 66 adult patients (ASA I-III) scheduled for cardiac surgery via median sternotomy were recruited for this randomised trial. Following induction of anaesthesia, all patients received bilateral TTPB and were allocated to three groups: dexamethasone (0.25 % bupivacaine + 8 mg dexamethasone), dexmedetomidine (0.25 % bupivacaine + 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine), and a control group (0.25 % bupivacaine alone). The primary outcome was the time to first rescue analgesia following extubation. Secondary outcomes included 24-hour postoperative fentanyl consumption, intraoperative fentanyl requirement, pain scores, extubation time, patient satisfaction, and adverse events. Time to first rescue analgesia was significantly longer in the dexmedetomidine group than in the dexamethasone and control groups (P 0.001). Twenty-four-hour postoperative fentanyl consumption was significantly lower in both adjuvant groups than in the control group (P < 0.001). Pain scores were consistently lower with dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone groups. Extubation time and intraoperative fentanyl consumption were comparable among the three groups (P > 0.05). Both dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine improved TTPB analgesia. Dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged the duration of analgesia, whereas 24-hour postoperative opioid consumption was comparable between the adjuvant groups.

PMID 42759104
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PubMedEuropean journal of cell biology2026-09-18

Design and synthesis of reagents for generation and characterization of high-affinity antibodies for a Staphylococcus aureus serotype 8 disaccharide.

Mata Sara S, Deng Shenglou S, Noble Jeffery J, Nagy Kenna K et al.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common, opportunistic pathogen, and drug resistance of this organism continues to rise. Substantial efforts have been made to generate vaccines that provide long-lasting protection; however, these have fallen short. High-affinity antibodies could represent a useful treatment modality, taking advantage of effector functions to eliminate infecting bacteria. Many bacteria evade strong immune responses by encasing themselves in carbohydrate polymers. We have developed a means of generating high-affinity antibodies to small carbohydrate epitopes from bacteria. We describe here the design and synthesis of a disaccharide glycan from the capsular polysaccharide of S. aureus serotype 8, along with a selection/detection reagent for the characterization of antibody affinity for the targeted glycan. These materials were applied by conjugation of the disaccharide epitope to an immunogenic Qβ virus-like particle carrier protein with complete control of the position of attachment, generating a well-defined polyvalent immunogen. Without the use of additional adjuvants, this material generated a potent and long-lasting anti-glycan serum IgG response dominated by Th1 T cell help.

PMID 42759420
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PubMedParasitology international2026-09-18

Characterization of humoral immune response against the immunoglobulin-binding protein (BIP) of Giardia lamblia: A potential vaccine candidate.

Garzon Thania T, Esparza Karina K, Ortega David D, Lopez-Romero Gloria G et al.

Giardiasis is caused by the widespread intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia. The characterization of immunogenic proteins in G. lamblia has been investigated to identify potential vaccine targets, including members of the giardin family, variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs), cyst wall proteins (CWPs) and heat shock protein (HSP). The immunoglobulin-binding protein (BIP) is a HSP that has been described as immunogenic antigen; however, its role in this protozoan remains poorly characterized, particularly regarding its involvement in the humoral immune response activation, critical for parasite clearance. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of BIP to promote an antibody-mediated response through oral administration in mice. Additionally, we identified B-cell epitopes by integrated experimental and immunoinformatic approach. In mice, oral administration of BIP alone, without adjuvants, induced a specific humoral immune response at both systemic and mucosal levels, as well as, during Giardia infection, demonstrating its ability to disrupt the tolerogenic environment of the gut. Immunogenic regions of BIP were identified. A fragment around 7 kDa was recognized by specific-BIP polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. This fragment contains two potential linear epitopes (the amino acids 64-132 and 176-190 of BIP protein) that are conserved in HSPs of other pathogens. Furthermore, in silico analyses identified additional B-cell epitopes distributed throughout the BIP sequence, reinforcing its antigenic potential. These findings support the ability of BIP to induce an efficient humoral immune response via the oral route, a key feature in infections such as giardiasis, thereby highlighting its potential as a target for vaccine development against Giardia.

PMID 42759833
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