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lamivudine + raltegravir (MK 0518B / Dutrebis / MK0518B)

✓ Approved

Merck & Co. · · Small Molecule

What is lamivudine + raltegravir?

lamivudine + raltegravir is a small molecule developed by Merck & Co.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesMK 0518B, Dutrebis, MK0518B
CompanyMerck & Co.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck & Co.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

lamivudine + raltegravir acts on 1 molecular target:

gag-pol, HIV-1 (gag-pol)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

lamivudine + raltegravir is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome✓ Approved

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PubMedRevista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia2026-07-25

Impact of different EMA/CO treatment regimens in women with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: brazilian multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Souza Laís Cristhine Santos LCS, de Almeida Michelle Samora MS, Braga Antonio A, Madi José Mauro JM et al.

To compare the clinical outcome of women with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) treated with the conventional EMA/CO (etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin-D, cyclophosphamide, vincristine) with those treated with the modified EM/CO regimen. Brazilian multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated medical records of women diagnosed with GTN who were treated with the standard EMA/CO or with the modified regimen in which actinomycin-D was suppressed (EM/CO). The primary outcome was the occurrence of remission following chemotherapy treatment. Remission rate with EMA/CO was 85.3%, with 14.7% of women showing chemoresistance, while with EM/CO, the remission rate was 72.7%, with 27.3% of women chemoresistance, without statistical difference between the groups. A total of 142 women were analyzed, of whom 109 were treated with EMA/CO and 33 received EM/CO. Women who used the EM/CO had higher prevalence of invasive mole (51.5% vs. 14.7%, p<0.0001), lower prevalence of choriocarcinoma (9.1% vs. 26.6%, p=0.035), and lower prevalence of metastases (33.3% vs. 61.5%, p=0.004) compared to women who received the EMA/CO. Women with risk score ≥ 7 had higher prevalence of recurrence (61.5% vs 10.0%, p=0.005) and chemoresistance using the EM/CO (53.8% vs 10.0%, p=0.013) compared to women with score ≤ 6. The pre-treatment serum hCG levels was a moderately significant predictor (AUC: 0.77, 95%CI 0.66-0.88, p<0.0001) for identifying chemoresistance. The number of EM/CO cycles was a strong significant predictor (AUC: 0.81, 95%CI 0.66-0.96, p<0.0001) for identifying toxicity to chemotherapy. EM/CO had higher prevalence of need for second-line treatment, and chemoresistance.

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PubMedThe New phytologist2026-07-25

Neutral interactions among non-native plants are common.

He Feng F, Yuan Zhiliang Z, Sun Yumei Y, Zhai Xincong X et al.

Globalization has accelerated the establishment of non-native plant species, increasing the prevalence of multispecies co-invasions; yet interactions among co-invaders remain poorly understood. We combined extensive field surveys of 3039 plots with a global meta-analysis of 4415 observations from 122 experiments to quantify co-invasion prevalence, its effects on non-native plant performance, and the frequency of interaction types. Co-invasion was common in the surveys, occurring in 40% of the plots. Meta-analysis showed that co-invasion reduced non-native plant performance by 18% on average, indicating that invasional meltdown among plant species is not the norm. Most interactions were neutral (70%), whereas competition (18%) and facilitation (12%) were relatively uncommon. Thus, the widespread co-occurrence of non-native plants does not necessarily imply pervasive facilitation among co-invaders. Crucially, the mean competitive outcome was context-dependent. Interactions shifted from competition to facilitation with increasing non-native richness and intensified competition with natives. Furthermore, phylogenetic distance among co-invaders did not explain the interaction outcomes, whereas interactions among woody, nitrogen-fixing species, or invaders with greater SLA produced mean neutral effects. These findings expand our understanding of the invasional meltdown hypothesis by showing that co-invasion outcomes are context- and trait-dependent and offer a predictive framework for assessing and mitigating multispecies invasion risks.

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PubMedHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2026-07-25

Evaluating the Co-Design and Implementation of a Multicomponent Intervention to Improve Communication in Aged Care: A Nested Process Evaluation Protocol.

King Alicia J AJ, Wallace Sarah J SJ, Fothergill Lauren L, Zingelman Sally S et al.

Experience-based co-design (EBCD) seeks to bring together people with lived experience of healthcare with other interest holders to collaboratively generate creative solutions. A cluster randomised controlled trial is planned to assess the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of a co-designed multicomponent intervention to improve communication in aged care services. This paper describes a nested process evaluation design for the EBCD and implementation of the intervention with the aim of understanding the role of co-design and other factors in achieving impact. Primary data sources will include surveys, interviews, focus groups, field notes and observations of co-design activities. Secondary sources will include data collected and materials produced by the researchers developing the intervention. Aged care recipients; family members and significant others; direct care workers; managers; and other healthcare professionals will be engaged as co-designers of the intervention, and as research participants in the evaluation of its co-design and implementation. Evaluation findings will compare experiences of co-design, within and across informant groups, with an explanatory theoretical model of change described in previous research employing EBCD. Additionally, the role of the co-design and other contextual factors in the intervention's impact will be organised using the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) framework. The involvement of people who use and deliver health services in the development of complex interventions is increasingly recommended as a means to improve impact and health outcomes. However, research evidence supporting the mechanisms of impact of co-design and related approaches in healthcare is limited. Nested process evaluations of co-design are needed to support the continued theoretical and methodological development and resourcing of co-design in healthcare. A lived experience advisory group (LEAG) of older people receiving aged care services and family or other informal supporters of those receiving aged care services has provided input to the evaluation design described in this manuscript, and a member of this group has co-authored this article. LEAG members will continue to contribute to the conduct of the evaluation as well as the analysis and dissemination of the evaluation findings.

PMID 42499266
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PubMedHealth care science2026-07-25

Classified Comparison and Cause Analysis of the Characteristics of Co-Disabilities Among Older Adults With Physical Disability in China.

Wang Yiran Y, Zhang Xiaodong X, Tan Lu L, Yan Chenyu C et al.

The aim of the study is to investigate the characteristics of co-disabilities among older adults with physical disabilities (PDs) in China in 1987 and 2006, and the correlation between other co-occurring disabilities and the presence and severity of PD among the older adults. The study is a cross-sectional comparative study. The data were derived from the first and second China National Sample Survey on Disability. Case counts and prevalence rates were used to compare the characteristics of PD and "co-disabilities comprising PD and other disabilities" (CdPDD) in these two surveys. The binary logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation. (1) From 1987 to 2006, the age-standardized prevalence rates of PD, sole PD, and CdPDD among older adults in China all increased, and these increases were more pronounced in rural older adults. (2) In both years, co-disabilities involving PD and hearing-speech disability had the highest percentage distribution and age-standardized prevalence rate, accounting for more than 60%, and this pattern was consistent in both urban and rural older adults. (3) Speech and intellectual disabilities were consistently associated with higher odds of PD and moderate-to-severe PD in both the overall sample and the urban-rural subgroup analyses. (4) Co-disabilities involving PD and mental disability showed a marked increase over time in both urban and rural older adults, particularly for multiple-CdPDD. PD and CdPDD among older adults in China increased markedly from 1987 to 2006, especially in rural areas. Hearing-speech-related co-disabilities remained the dominant pattern, while mental-related co-disabilities increased most rapidly. The associations of different co-occurring disability types with PD and moderate-to-severe PD varied. In the short term, priority should be given to identifying high-risk co-disability combinations and strengthening screening, referral, rehabilitation follow-up, and continuity of care, particularly in rural areas. In the longer term, a more integrated co-disability management framework is needed to better connect rehabilitation, mental health, primary healthcare, and long-term care services. Greater use of the co-disability rate indicator may also help guide priority setting and service planning.

PMID 42499633
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PubMedJournal of environmental sciences (China)2026-07-25

Microbial co-metabolism in the degradation of emerging organic pollutants.

Chen Xiangyu X, Zhang Xu X, Zhao Xinyu X, Xi Beidou B et al.

The increasing detection of emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) in the environment raises concerns about ecological impacts and human health risks, requiring urgent research on degradation pathways and environmental fate. Microbial degradation of EOPs often proceeds concurrently with the metabolism of other pollutants and typically manifests as a co-metabolic process in environmental media. Studying the mechanism of co-metabolism can realistically simulate environmental conditions and elucidate the behavioral mechanisms and ecological impacts of EOPs. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of pollutant metabolism and co-metabolic degradation at the molecular level, with a focus on identifying and characterizing the key enzyme systems in metabolic and co-metabolic pathways. Based on these findings, it further proposes key regulatory parameters and engineering strategies to optimize the metabolic and co-metabolic processes, thereby laying a solid theoretical and technical foundation for the development of bioremediation technologies with high specificity, high efficiency, and environmental compatibility. Moreover, by elucidating the microbial metabolism and co-metabolism processes, this work provides innovative research ideas and methodological support for developing advanced bioremediation technologies, facilitating the green and sustainable treatment of environmental pollutants.

PMID 42498387
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PubMedGalen medical journal2026-07-25

Surface Topography and Pushout Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Posts with Different Surface Treatments to Root Dentin Following Cementation by Precuring and Co-Curing Methods : Short title: Surface Topography and Pushout Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Posts to Root Dentin Following Cementation.

Kaviani Azita A, Khoshnood Pardis P, Zakavi Faramarz F

This study assessed the surface topography and pushout bond strength (PBS) of glass fiber posts (GFPs) with different surface treatments to root dentin following cementation by precuring and co-curing methods. In this in vitro study, 80 extracted single-rooted premolars were decoronated and randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=20) for surface treatment of GFPs with 20% H2O2, Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2780 nm, 90 mJ, 4.5 W, 50 Hz, 60 seconds) and sandblasting (50 µm aluminum oxide particles, 2.8 bar pressure, 10 mm distance, 20 seconds). No surface treatment was performed in group 4. Each group was randomly divided into two subgroups (n=10) for cementation of GFPs with precuring and co-curing methods. The PBS was measured, the mode of failure was determined, and the surface topography of the posts was assessed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey, and Dunnett tests (alpha=0.05). The mean PBS of H2O2-treated GFPs was significantly higher in co-curing than precuring method (P=0.04). No significant difference was found between the precuring and co-curing in PBS of GFPs with other surface treatments (P0.05). The mean PBS of sandblasted, laser-treated, and H2O2-treated GFPs was not significantly different in precuring method. In co-curing cementation, sandblasting significantly decreased the PBS (P=0.04) while laser and H2O2 surface treatments had no significant effect on PBS (P0.05). The co-curing cementation method yielded a significantly higher PBS than the precuring method in H2O2-treated GFPs. Sandblasting significantly decreased the PBS of GFPs cemented by the co-curing method.

PMID 42499358
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