calcium carbonate + vitamin D3 (Ideos)

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes of patients with Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled study.

Anamnart Chumpol C, Kitjarak Ram R

Vitamin D deficiency is linked to Parkinson disease (PD) pathogenesis; however, clinical trial results remain inconclusive. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Thai patients with PD and the efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation on clinical outcomes in a tropical, sun-abundant region. In this randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 60 patients with PD and 60 healthy controls. Patients with PD were randomized 1:1 to receive 2000 IU/d of vitamin D3 or no additional treatment (control) for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes included changes in MDS-UPDRS, Hoehn and Yahr (mH&Y), Thai Mini-Mental State Examination, and PDQ-39 scores. The secondary outcome was the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL). At baseline, vitamin D deficiency was significantly more prevalent in patients with PD than in healthy controls (23.2% vs 10.0%, P = .046). After 12 weeks, the vitamin D group showed a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels compared to the control group (P < .001, successfully normalizing levels in the deficiency subgroup (30.96 ± 3.18 ng/mL). Although Thai Mini-Mental State Examination scores improved significantly within the vitamin D group (mean difference 1.37, P < .001), a similar improvement occurred in the control group (mean difference 0.93, P = .010), with no significant difference between groups (P = .378). No significant improvements were observed in motor function (MDS-UPDRS, mH&Y) or quality of life (PDQ-39). Vitamin D deficiency is common among Thai patients with PD, despite equatorial proximity. While 2000 IU/d of vitamin D3 safely corrected nutritional deficiency, it provided no significant short-term motor or cognitive benefits.

Vitamin D and calcium supplementation in children with eosinophilic esophagitis on a dairy-free elimination diet: A single-center review.

Derouin Madyson M, Becker Robert R, Jacobs Caitlin C, Chugh Ankur A et al.

Spatiotemporal patterns and environmental controls of dissolved carbon and water-air CO₂ fluxes in Southwest China's alpine canyon rivers.

Wu Zihan Z, Wang Hongwei H, Li Yong Y, Yang Xiaobo X

Mountain rivers remain insufficiently understood within regional and global carbon cycles, particularly high-slope systems that are highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. We investigated a high-slope alpine gorge river in southwestern China (Upper Min River) through five seasonal surveys in 2023, quantifying dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and water-air CO2 flux (FCO₂) and assessing their controls. DIC (8.28-58.97 mg/L; mean 32.61 mg/L) decreased from carbonate headwaters to downstream non-carbonate reaches, indicating strong carbonate-weathering control and providing the main inorganic substrate sustaining CO2 supersaturation. DOC (0.01-8.21 mg/L; mean 1.53 mg/L) was enriched near urban and agricultural sections, and its wet-season association with ammonia nitrogen suggests that storm runoff mobilizes anthropogenic organic matter. Yet DOC showed little relationship with FCO2, implying that rapid downstream export in steep channels limits in-stream DOC mineralization. FCO2 ranged from -1.90 to 227.78 mmol/(m²·d) (mean 24.05 mmol/(m²·d)) and was positive in >95 % of measurements, evidencing persistent CO2 evasion driven by inorganic carbon supply, turbulence, and reduced atmospheric pressure at high elevation. Carbonate-underlain turbulent reaches acted as outgassing hotspots, whereas retentive reaches exhibited reduced efflux or short-lived CO2 uptake during periods of high primary productivity. Overall, carbonate weathering, anthropogenic DOC inputs, and hydrodynamic conditions jointly regulate dissolved carbon and CO2 outgassing in alpine gorge rivers, underscoring their role in regional carbon budget assessments.

Association of vitamin D, oxidative stress markers, and hormonal factors with male infertility: a case-control study in Pakistan.

Tayyab Ihsan Muhammad M, Ali Malick Ayesha A, Khan Sher S, Tahir Khan Muhammad M et al.

Infertility impacts around 15% of couples worldwide, with male factors accounting for approximately 50% of cases. Despite this significant share, male infertility remains understudied, particularly in developing nations such as Pakistan. The present study explores the association between male infertility and seminal plasma concentrations of oxidative stress markers, inhibin B, and vitamin D, along with their relationship with sperm parameters. The dataset of the study consisted of seminal plasma levels from 30 fertile and 60 infertile males. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Vitamin D, malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), lipid peroxide (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and inhibin B levels were assessed using ELISA kits and the data were analyzed using SPSS (v.23) software. Descriptive statistics for quantitative variables were reported as mean ± standard deviation. Correlations among parameters were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation test. In all analyses, p-values of < 0.05 were considered significant, and < 0.001 as highly significant. Fertile males exhibited higher vitamin D and TAC levels than the infertile males (p-values = 0.00 and < 0.01, respectively). In contrast, higher MDA and 4-HNE levels were observed in infertile males (p-value = 0.00). No statistically significant relationship was identified between the inhibin B and LPO values of the two groups. Elevated oxidative stress markers (MDA, 4-HNE) and reduced vitamin D and TAC levels were associated with infertility in the sample. The dual role of SOD in oxidative stress regulation warrants further investigation to determine the thresholds at which sperm integrity is affected. Vitamin D may play a critical function in spermatogenesis, though its exact mechanisms require further exploration. These findings underscore the role of oxidative stress and nutritional factors in fertility, and highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve reproductive outcomes.