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ID

idoxuridine (idoxuridine, APR / Apridin C / Apridin)

✓ Approved

Pierre Fabre S.A. · · Small Molecule

What is idoxuridine?

idoxuridine is a small molecule developed by Pierre Fabre S.A.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical.

Drug Profile

Brand Namesidoxuridine, APR, Apridin C, Apridin
CompanyPierre Fabre S.A.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular Target,
RouteTopical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Pierre Fabre S.A.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

idoxuridine acts on 2 molecular targets:

(UL30)
(UL30)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

idoxuridine is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsHerpes simplex✓ Approved
Congenital, familial and genetic disordersCongenital herpes simplex infection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedThe South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa2026-11-11

Prevalence and determinants of readmission at a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Zanzibar.

Abdallah Abdallah K AK, Ottaru Theresia A TA, Moshiro Candida C

Psychiatric readmission is a global concern, leading to poorer clinical outcomes and higher healthcare costs. In Tanzania, where mental health services operate within a resource-constrained health system, repeated psychiatric admissions may place additional pressure on already limited services. However, local evidence on psychiatric readmission remains limited. To determine the prevalence of psychiatric readmission and its determinants among psychiatric patients admitted to a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Unguja, Zanzibar. A tertiary psychiatric referral hospital in Unguja, Zanzibar, serving patients across Unguja and Pemba islands. A cross-sectional study was conducted among psychiatric patients 18 years and older admitted between June 2024 and August 2024. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Modified Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to identify factors associated with psychiatric readmission. A total of 311 patients (mean age 36, standard deviation [s.d.] = 11 years; females 52.4%; schizophrenia 32.5%) were enrolled. The prevalence of psychiatric readmission within 3 months was 58.5% (n = 182). Readmission was associated with age group 30-39 years (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.84, p-value [p] = 0.001), schizophrenia (APR = 1.23; CI: 1.00-1.50, p = 0.041), bipolar disorders (APR = 1.69; CI: 1.26-2.26, p < 0.001), higher education (APR = 1.61; CI: 1.16-2.22, p = 0.010), history of physical abuse (APR = 1.49; CI: 1.16-2.22, p < 0.001), and being prescribed both oral and injectable medications (APR = 1.46; CI: 1.37-2.20, p < 0.001). There is a high psychiatric readmission rate in Zanzibar. Interventions should focus on high-risk groups, particularly middle-aged individuals and those requiring combination treatment to break the cycle of readmission and promote long-term mental health recovery. This study provides evidence on psychiatric readmission in Zanzibar and identifies high-risk groups requiring targeted post-discharge intervention in low-resource psychiatric settings.

PMID 43011193
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PubMedBMC public health2026-11-11

Acceptability of the RTS, S malaria vaccine and associated factors among caregivers‌ of children⁠ under 25 months‍ in Soa⁠ Health District, Cameroon: a community-based cross-sectional st⁠udy‍.

Dang Ludrique L, Ombogo Fabien Fouda FF, Burinyuy Bime Brenda BB, Kamdem Gilles Tounsi GT et al.

Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity an‌d mortality in sub-Saharan Afri‌ca. I‌n C‌ameroon, malaria accounts for 48% of all hospital admissions, 30% of morbidity, and 67% of childhood mortality per year. Despite the introduction of RTS, S in‍ several African countries, real-world evidence on community acceptability following vaccine rollout remains limited, particularly at the district level. Understanding caregivers' willingness to vaccinate is critical for optimizing uptake and‌ guiding context-specific implementation strategies. A community-‍bas‌ed cross-sectional st⁠ud‌y was conducted between March and November 2024 in th‌e S⁠oa Hea‍lth District (HD).‍ A total of 5‍41 caregi⁠vers of children unde‍r‍ 25 mon‍ths w‌ere‍ recruited using a non-pro‌b‌ability con‍venience sam⁠pling method. Data were collected using a s‍tr‍uctured pre-tested q⁠uestionnaire and analysed using R s‍oftware. Modified Poisson reg‍ression mod‍els with robust variance esti‍mation was used to obtain crude and adjuste‍d prev⁠alence‌ ratio (CPR and APR) with‍ 9⁠5% conf‍idence interval⁠s (95% CI‍s), a statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. Among the 541 caregi⁠vers, 73.4% expressed willingness to v‌accinate their children against malari‍a. Higher vaccine acceptability was independently associated with residing in Kou‌lou (AP⁠R =⁠ 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-2.0), Ngali 2 (⁠APR = 1⁠0.6; 95% CI: 1.‍2-2.2), and So⁠a‌ (APR = 1.6; 95‍% CI‍: 1.1-2.2) compared with Nts‍ouesso⁠ng; female sex (APR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1‍.‌0-‌1.3); origine from the North-West, Sou‍th-W‍est‍, West, and Littoral regions (A⁠PR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.‌1‍-‌1.4); use‍ s‍tr‌eet medicine (APR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.6) or prescribed medicin‌e (APR = 1⁠0.2; 95% CI: 1⁠0.0-1.5) rather than tra‍d‍it⁠ional med‍i‍cine‍ for malaria treatment; pr⁠ior awareness of the malaria vac‍cine (APR = 1.2‍; 95%‌ CI: 1.1-1.4)⁠. All p < 0.05. CONCLUSI‍ON: Acce⁠ptabi‌lity of the malaria va‌ccine among caregivers in the Soa HD was relativel‍y high and was significantly influenced by geographic location, sex,‍ region, health-seeking behaviour, and awareness of the⁠ vaccine.‌ Targeted health e‌duc‍ati‍on and cul‌turally sensitive community engagement strategies‍ are‍ essential to improve vac⁠cine acceptability and su⁠pp⁠ort‌ the successf‌u‍l s‍cale‍-up of⁠ ma‍lari‌a vaccination programmes in Cameroon and other endemic se‌ttings. Not applicable.

PMID 43009886
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PubMedJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026-11-11

Healthcare Discrimination and Psychological Distress in a Multi-State Sample of U.S. Adults.

Binns Ariel Adelaide AA, Huang Madalyn M, Choe Karen K, Cuevas Adolfo G AG et al.

This study examined the association between perceived healthcare discrimination and psychological distress in a multi-state sample of U.S. adults. Data were drawn from 3847 adults (mean age = 49.33 years, 50.8% non-Hispanic White) from the 2023 Survey of Racism and Public Health. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Healthcare discrimination was self-reported. Covariates included demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, self-rated health, and health literacy. Modified Poisson regression estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% CIs. Participants who experienced healthcare discrimination had a 44% higher prevalence of high psychological distress than those who did not (aPR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.75). There was no empirical evidence that this association was moderated by race/ethnicity. Perceived healthcare discrimination may represent a critical determinant of psychological distress, and this association appears consistent and invariable across racial and ethnic lines.

PMID 43009690
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PubMedFrontiers in public health2026-11-11

Study on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection and immune responses following the third booster dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in hematologic disease patients.

Zhang Haiying H, Wang Xin X, Zhang Runling R, Liu Feng F et al.

Patients with hematologic diseases may have impaired immunity owing to their underlying diseases and immunosuppressive treatments. Evidence on documented SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR outcomes and responses to inactivated COVID-19 vaccines remains limited. This retrospective study analyzed three independently identified populations: 20,813 individuals tested by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, 2,438 tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, and 1,946 adults tested after two or three vaccine doses. Intervals to documented RT-PCR negativity were analyzed only among positive individuals with subsequent negative results. Vaccination analyses were adjusted for age, sex, testing interval, and disease group. Monthly comparisons were cross-sectional. Serial antibody measurements were analyzed separately. Recorded RT-PCR positivity was lower among tested individuals with hematologic diseases (4.77% vs. 10.74%; p < 0.001). Among 64/64 positive individuals with and 381/2,091 without hematologic diseases who had documented subsequent negative results, median intervals to negativity were 5.05 versus 3.99 days (difference, 1.06 days; 95% CI, 0.73-2.21; p < 0.001). Within the hematologic disease group, longer intervals were observed after prior immunosuppressive treatment (5.99 vs. 3.97 days); haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients had the longest descriptive median interval (6.97 days). In the separate IgG-testing population, positivity did not differ significantly (86.00% vs. 90.16%; p = 0.174). Three versus two doses were associated with higher neutralizing antibody (NAb) positivity (94.1% vs. 77.3%; adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.281; 95% CI, 1.232-1.332) and IgG positivity (97.2% vs. 83.4%; aPR, 1.229; 95% CI, 1.189-1.271). Among 20 paired participants, 19 had higher NAb levels after the third dose. Among three-dose recipients, NAb positivity was 25/32 (78.13%) with hematologic diseases, 36/42 (85.71%) with solid tumors, and 743/780 (95.26%) without documented hematologic disease or solid tumors (overall p < 0.001). Among RT-PCR-positive individuals with documented subsequent negativity, intervals were modestly longer with hematologic diseases. Within this group, median intervals were longer after immunosuppressive treatment, and longest among haploidentical allo-HSCT recipients. Differential availability of negative results warrants caution. Three inactivated vaccine doses were associated with higher NAb and IgG positivity overall. Among three-dose recipients, NAb positivity was lower with hematologic diseases than without documented hematologic disease or solid tumors.

PMID 43011357
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PubMedBMC pediatrics2026-11-10

Prevalence of malnutrition, its associated factors and barriers to attaining adequate nutrition among children with sickle cell disease in Eastern Uganda: mixed study design.

Okware Nicodemus N, Nabidda Shamim S, Ezatiru Lucy L, Okusa John Michael JM et al.

Malnutrition is a major public health problem among children with sickle cell disease (SCD). In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of malnutrition among children with SCD ranges from 35% to 40%. This study determined the prevalence of malnutrition, its associated factors, and barriers to attaining adequate nutrition among children under 18 years with sickle cell disease. A convergent parallel mixed design was used. Quantitative component included 365 children under 18 years with sickle cell disease, systematically sampled. Qualitative component involved in-depth interviews with 10 caregivers age ≥ 18 years and 6 key informant interviews with healthcare workers. The associated factors were analyzed using a modified Poisson regression model. Qualitative data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The prevalence of malnutrition among 365 children with sickle cell disease was 20% (95% CI: 15.9%-24.1%). Factors associated with malnutrition included having a male primary caregiver (aPR = 1.441, p = 0.035, 95% CI: 1.026-2.024), low monthly family income (aPR = 1.700, p = 0.011, 95% CI: 1.127-2.565), lack of support systems (aPR = 2.247, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.461-3.454), eating fewer than three meals per day (aPR = 1.798, p = 0.002, 95% CI: 1.236-2.616), lack of dietary diversity (aPR = 6.800, p = 0.002), lack of available medication at the facility (aPR = 1.503, p = 0.048, 95% CI: 1.003-2.251), and no penicillin prophylaxis (aPR = 0.626, p = 0.044). Malnutrition affects a substantial proportion of children with sickle cell disease. It is strongly associated with poor socioeconomic conditions and inadequate feeding practices. Strengthening family-centered nutrition interventions, improving caregiver support, and enhancing access to essential health services are recommended.

PMID 43004226
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PubMedPLoS neglected tropical diseases2026-11-10

High seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in Iquitos: A city in the Peruvian Amazon.

Pinedo-Cancino Viviana V, Chávez-Sarmiento Sandra S, Bocanegra Oliver A OA, Vela-Tello Kary K et al.

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is a globally distributed infection with particularly high prevalence in tropical regions. Despite its high endemicity, population-based epidemiological data for the urban Amazon are scarce. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and identify sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with T. gondii infection in the urban population of Iquitos, the largest city in the Peruvian Amazon. A cross-sectional study was conducted between July 11 and August 10, 2024. Serum samples were collected from 382 adults across four urban districts of Iquitos and tested using an in-house ELISA (sensitivity 98%, specificity 100%) for T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies. All 358 IgG-seropositive participants were tested for IgM antibodies. Bivariate and multivariable Poisson regression analyses with robust variance were performed to identify factors associated with seropositivity. The overall IgG seroprevalence was 93.7% (358/382; 95% CI: 90.8-95.9%), and IgM seroprevalence was 1.7% (6/358; 95% CI: 0.62-3.6%) among IgG-positive individuals. In multivariable analysis, age above 60 years (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04-1.17; p = 0.002), and monthly family income in the 372-593 USD bracket (aPR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01-1.15; p = 0.035) were independently associated with IgG seropositivity. Additionally, peri-urban/rural residence (aPR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.08; p = 0.025) and use of river or rainwater as a drinking water source (aPR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.14; p = 0.010) were independently associated with seropositivity, whereas living in brick/cement housing was negatively associated with seropositivity compared with wooden housing (aPR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91-0.99; p = 0.037), suggesting waterborne transmission and structural poverty as key environmental drivers of infection in this setting. This study documents near-universal exposure to T. gondii in the urban population of Iquitos, underscoring toxoplasmosis as a major public health concern in the Peruvian Amazon. Age, income level, and peri-urban/rural residence were independent predictors of seropositivity. These findings support the prioritization of surveillance and prevention strategies targeting older adults and lower-income households in peri-urban areas, alongside environmental sanitation improvements.

PMID 43008035
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