Drug Database
ID

idoxuridine (idoxuridine, APR / Apridin C / Apridin)

✓ Approved

Pierre Fabre S.A. · · Small Molecule

What is idoxuridine?

idoxuridine is a small molecule developed by Pierre Fabre S.A.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical.

Drug Profile

Brand Namesidoxuridine, APR, Apridin C, Apridin
CompanyPierre Fabre S.A.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular Target,
RouteTopical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Pierre Fabre S.A.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

idoxuridine acts on 2 molecular targets:

(UL30)
(UL30)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

idoxuridine is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsHerpes simplex✓ Approved
Congenital, familial and genetic disordersCongenital herpes simplex infection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in oncology2026-07-25

Analysis of clinicopathological features and prognosis of mesenteric versus anti-mesenteric rectal cancer: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

Hao Dalei D, Dong Longzhan L, Xi Xiangpeng X, Liu Yulin Y et al.

The mesorectal and anti-mesorectal sides of the rectum differ considerably in embryonic origin, blood supply, lymphatic distribution, and anatomical relations. Tumor location (mesenteric vs. anti-mesenteric) may therefore influence tumor biology and clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of axial tumor location on clinicopathological features and prognosis in rectal cancer using preoperative high-resolution pelvic MRI. We retrospectively reviewed 380 rectal cancer patients who underwent radical resection between January 2017 and July 2023. Based on preoperative MRI axial images, tumors were classified by their deepest point of invasion relative to the rectal lumen: the mesenteric side group (3-9 o'clock, posterior/posterolateral walls, n=213) and the anti-mesenteric side group (9-3 o'clock, anterior/anterolateral walls, n=167). Demographic, clinicopathological, surgical, and survival data were compared between groups. Among the 380 patients, 213 were assigned to the mesenteric side tumor group and 167 to the anti-mesenteric side tumor group. Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, BMI, TNM stage, MRF status, EMVI, and vascular/nerve invasion, did not differ significantly between two groups (all P > 0.05). With a median follow-up of 56 months, the 3-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rate was significantly lower in the anti-mesenteric group than in the mesenteric group (91.6% vs. 97.1%, P = 0.029). No significant differences were observed in 3-year disease-free survival (83.2% vs. 82.1%, P = 0.832) or overall survival (85.6% vs. 81.7%, P = 0.501) between the two groups. Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified age (HR = 1.043, P = 0.002), surgical procedure (APR vs. LAR, HR = 1.967, P = 0.022), pathological T stage (HR = 2.800, P = 0.023), and pathological N stage (HR = 3.683, P < 0.001) as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Pathological N stage was the sole independent predictor for disease-free survival (HR = 3.088, P < 0.001). Although axial location was not an independent predictor of overall or disease-free survival (P > 0.05), it was significantly associated with LRFS (anti-mesenteric vs. mesenteric: HR = 2.684, 95% CI: 1.126-6.398, P = 0.026) along with pathological N stage (HR = 3.960, 95% CI: 1.316-11.919, P = 0.014).These findings suggest that anti-mesenteric tumor location is an independent predictor of increased local recurrence risk, providing valuable information for surgical planning and postoperative surveillance beyond conventional staging. Anti-mesenteric rectal tumors are associated with a higher risk of local recurrence, likely due to complex local anatomy and surgical challenges. While pathological N stage, pathological T stage, age, and surgical procedure remain primary independent prognostic factors for survival outcomes, preoperative MRI assessment of axial location provides valuable supplemental information that may help stratify local recurrence risk, refine surgical planning, and optimize postoperative monitoring.

PMID 42500279
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PubMedSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2026-07-24

The Legacy of Olympic Sport: A Cross-Sectional Comparison of the Musculoskeletal and General Health of 1488 Retired Female Summer and Winter Olympians and 998 Female General Population Controls.

Guilfoyle Lauren L, MacPherson Alan A, Cooper Dale D, Crossley Kay M KM et al.

Little is known about the long-term health outcomes associated with sustained elite performance once female Olympians retire from their Olympic careers. The aim of this study was to determine and compare (1) musculoskeletal health, (2) general health and (3) current physical activity (PA) behaviours between a global sample of female retired Olympians and general population controls. A cross-sectional survey comprised four sections: (1) background information, (2) injury history, (3) current musculoskeletal health and (4) general health. A total of 1488 retired female Olympians and 998 female controls completed the survey. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI) and/or previous significant injury or current persistent pain. Adjusting for age, BMI and previous significant injury, more retired female Olympians reported stiffness, pain and/or osteoarthritis (OA) (aPR [95% CI]) in the cervical spine (stiffness 1.42 [1.08-1.86]; OA 1.85 [1.01-3.39]), lumbar spine (stiffness 1.41 [1.18-1.67], pain 1.41 [1.15-1.73]) and hip (OA 1.82 [1.08-3.06]) compared with controls. Stiffness, pain and OA at the knee were also higher for Olympians, but not when adjusting for prior injury. No differences were observed between groups for self-reported disease states, however the prevalence of most health conditions increased among Olympians following retirement, except for depression which decreased. Both groups rated their health-related quality of life (retired female Olympians: 88/100; Controls: 89/100) and mental health similarly, while the prevalence of participation in weekly sport (aPR: 0.75 [0.66-0.85]) and physical activity (aPR: 0.91 [0.87-0.95]) was slightly lower in retired Olympians when adjusted for age, BMI and current persistent musculoskeletal pain. Retired female Olympians report poorer musculoskeletal health than the general population, a difference only partly attributable to previous significant injury, which suggests elements of elite athletic exposure may underlie some of these outcomes. Primary and secondary prevention of shoulder, hip and knee injuries remains a priority with consideration to long-term outcomes. Future research should broaden our understanding of retired female athlete health by exploring the largely under-researched domains of cognitive, reproductive, breast and pelvic floor health.

PMID 42493755
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PubMedFrontiers in oncology2026-07-24

Sphincter-saving surgery versus abdominoperineal resection in low rectal cancer: the role of indocyanine green fluorescence angiography in surgical decision-making.

Misca Mihaela C MC, Petrea Sorin V SV, Boanta Roxana D RD, Aldoescu Sorin S et al.

The choice between sphincter-saving surgery and abdominoperineal resection (APR) for low rectal cancer balances oncological radicality against functional preservation. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) provides objective intraoperative assessment of bowel perfusion at the colonic stump, where ischemia is a leading cause of anastomotic failure. In this prospective, single-center, descriptive cohort study (January 2021-December 2025) of more than 400 patients operated for colorectal cancer, 70 had low rectal cancer (≤6 cm from the anal verge) and 27 underwent sphincter-saving surgery - 7 intersphincteric resections, 4 immediate low colorectal or coloanal anastomoses, and 16 two-staged Turnbull-Cutait pull-through procedures. ICG-FA of the colonic stump was performed in 22 patients (81.5%), with proximal repositioning of the resection line whenever fluorescence was inadequate. ICG-FA prompted modification of the resection line in 9 of 22 patients (40%), almost always proximally, but never altered the decision between sphincter preservation and APR. A radical (R0) resection was achieved in 19 of 21 patients with margin status recorded; two had an involved circumferential margin (R1), both in locally advanced node-positive tumors. Postoperative complications occurred in 15 of 27 patients (56%), mostly Clavien-Dindo grade I-II. There was no 30-day mortality; one late in-hospital death from an independent myocardial infarction occurred beyond 30 days. Sphincter-saving surgery for low rectal cancer is feasible but carries substantial morbidity. ICG-FA is a reproducible, low-risk adjunct that informs intraoperative decision-making; whether it reduces anastomotic complications requires confirmation in randomized studies.

PMID 42494610
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PubMedJournal of clinical anesthesia2026-07-24

Efficacy of intraoperative low dose intravenous Esketamine for acute postoperative pain control: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Majeed Ehsan E, Rafique Irfa I, Inam Kiran K, Majeed Faizan F

To evaluate the effect of intraoperative low-dose intravenous esketamine (<1 mg/kg) on acute postoperative pain, opioid consumption, adverse events, and anesthetic requirements through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Embase (to Apr 28, 2025) for RCTs on intraoperative low dose IV esketamine (<1 mg/kg) for acute postoperative pain. Data was analyzed in R using mean differences or risk ratios (95% CIs). Risk of bias followed Cochrane methods. Sensitivity used leave-one-out and meta-regression. Thirty-five RCTs (3831 patients; 1663 control, 2168 esketamine) showed low-dose IV esketamine significantly reduced pain at rest at 4 h (MD -1.40; p < 0.0001), 12 h (-0.84; p < 0.0001), 24 h (-0.54; p < 0.0001), and 48 h (-0.39; p = 0.0014). Pain on movement was lower at 12 h (-0.62; p = 0.0111), 24 h (-0.63; p = 0.0003) and 48 h (MD -0.40, 95% CI -0.74 to -0.06; p = 0.0212; I2 = 75.5%). No significant differences in overall or individual adverse events (nausea, agitation, dizziness, hallucinations) were observed between groups. Postoperative morphine consumption was reduced at 4, 24 and 48 h, with no significant difference at 12 h. Rescue analgesia requirements were reduced (RR 0.52; p = 0.0001), and intraoperative propofol use was modestly lower (-18.47 mg; p = 0.0047). No significant dose-response relationship was identified (p = 0.0571). Intraoperative low-dose esketamine modestly reduces postoperative pain at rest (4-48 h) and during movement (12-48 h), decreases opioid and rescue analgesia requirements, and slightly lowers propofol use. However, the magnitude and consistency of these effects are uncertain due to heterogeneity and study limitations. Adverse events did not differ significantly, though evidence remains limited. Esketamine may be considered as an adjunct in perioperative pain management with appropriate monitoring.

PMID 42492373
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PubMedBirth defects research2026-07-23

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Healthcare Access and Utilization Among Adults With Congenital Heart Defects in the Congenital Heart Survey to Recognize Outcomes, Needs and Well-Being (CH STRONG).

Ali Mir M MM, Patel Jenil J, Cen Ruiqi R, Bolin Elijah H EH et al.

We assessed healthcare access and utilization among adults with congenital heart defects (ACHD) across racial and ethnic groups using a US population-based sample. The cross-sectional CH STRONG was conducted from 2016 to 2019 among ACHD in Arkansas, Arizona, and Atlanta. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on their healthcare access, utilization, health status, comorbidities, and demographics. Differences in healthcare access and utilization among non-Hispanic White (NH-White), non-Hispanic Black (NH-Black), and Hispanic ACHD were assessed, and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) reported. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was also compared with standardized norms for the general population from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Models were adjusted for age, sex, educational attainment, marital status, study site, and CHD severity. Of 1455 respondents, 76.7% were NH-White, 15.0% were NH-Black, and 8.9% were Hispanic. Compared to NH-White, NH-Black ACHD were less likely to have health insurance (aPR = 0.94; CI: 0.88-0.99) and more likely to report a prior gap in insurance coverage (aPR = 1.88; CI: 1.44-2.46). They were also less likely to have a usual place of care (aPR = 0.82; CI: 0.75-0.89) or any healthcare visits (aPR = 0.88; CI: 0.81-0.96) but more likely to have ≥ 1 emergency room visit (aPR = 1.66; CI: 1.38-2.00) and hospitalization (aPR = 1.96; CI: 1.40-2.74) in the past year. Hispanic ACHD were more likely than NH-White to report a prior gap in insurance coverage (aPR = 1.78; CI: 1.19-2.65). CH STRONG ACHD did not differ from the general population on global mental-health and physical-health scores. Racial and ethnic differences in healthcare access and utilization exist among a population-based group of ACHD. Strategies for improvement in access to quality care may help reduce differences.

PMID 42487499
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PubMedTherapeutic advances in infectious disease2026-07-23

Acute respiratory infections and associated factors among under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel modified Poisson regression analysis of the latest DHS data.

Gebeyehu Wondmeneh Temesgen T

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Although several individual- and household-level factors have been associated with ARI, previous studies in the region have largely been limited to single-country analyses, older datasets, or conventional regression approaches that did not account for the hierarchical structure of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data. Furthermore, evidence based on recent multicountry data collected after COVID-19 pandemic remains limited. To assess the prevalence of ARI and associated factors among children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted using nationally representative DHS data collected between 2021 and 2024 from 11 sub-Saharan African countries. A weighted sample of 67,134 children aged 0-59 months with complete information on ARI was included in the analysis. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation. Given the hierarchical structure of DHS data, a multilevel modified Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation was employed to identify individual- and community-level factors associated with ARI. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. The prevalence of ARI among under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa was 31.0% (95% CI: 30.6-31.5). ARI prevalence was higher among children of mothers aged 35-49 years (APR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02-1.25) and wasted children (APR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.05-1.50), and in households using polluted cooking fuels (APR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.05-1.42). Lower prevalence was observed among children from rich households (APR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75-0.98), with household media exposure (APR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.78-0.93), delivered in health institutions (APR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.79-0.99), and residing in communities with high media exposure (APR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.83-0.98). ARI remains highly prevalent among children under five in sub-Saharan Africa. Individual and household factors, including maternal age, child nutritional status, household wealth, type of cooking fuel, place of delivery, and media exposure, are significantly associated with ARI, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to reduce its burden. Not applicable.

PMID 42488321
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