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dequalinium chloride (Naxyl / Fluomizin / Donaxyl)

✓ Approved

Medinova · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is dequalinium chloride?

dequalinium chloride is a small molecule developed by Medinova. It is approved for therapeutic indications via intravaginal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesNaxyl, Fluomizin, Donaxyl
CompanyMedinova
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteIntravaginal
StatusApproved

Therapeutic Indications

dequalinium chloride is developed for 4 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsVaginal infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsStreptococcal infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsWound infection fungal✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsTrichomoniasis intestinal✓ Approved

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Human norovirus is a major cause of foodborne illness worldwide, and the lack of a reliable cell culture system limits direct studies. Tulane virus has been used as a robust culturable human norovirus surrogate with similar capsid and genome structures; however, little is known about its particle size and zeta potential under varying ionic strengths and pH conditions, factors which are critical for understanding virus adsorption in food and environmental matrices and its fate when present in aggregated versus dispersed forms. This study investigated Tulane virus aggregation, zeta potential, and whether aggregation impacts virus thermal tolerance. Dynamic light scattering showed aggregation in 1 mM (pH 4.5) and 10 mM calcium chloride (pH 4.5-6.3), whereas 100 mM calcium chloride induced aggregation across a broader pH range (3.3-10), with all aggregation conditions occurring net surface charge approaches zero. Aggregation reduced countable infectious viral particles by ∼4 log10 PFU per ml, dependent upon aggregates size and number. Thermal tolerance of virus aggregates when held at 60 °C for 2 min was not significantly different from that of dispersed particles. These results indicate that the virus will readily aggregate under ionic conditions typical of food and environmental systems, providing important insights into the adsorption and stability of human norovirus surrogates.

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Recycling end-of-life (EoL) NdFeB magnets is critical for securing supply of rare-earth element neodymium in the low-carbon transition. We develop a molten salt electrolysis recycling approach using EoL NdFeB magnet anodes and a consumable solid magnesium cathode, operating at 548-650 °C and 0.75-3 A·cm-2 cathodic current density. Selective neodymium dissolution and in situ formation of a liquid Mg- (12.0-15.1 mol%) Nd alloy with average current efficiency of 98.4% are achieved. With high recycling efficiency and continuous operation, this approach overcomes neodymium collection and scalability barriers of conventional chloride electrolysis. Life-cycle assessment shows that the proposed process lowers climate change impacts to 17.36-18.18 kg CO2 eq. kg⁻¹ Nd, approximately 15% of that of primary production. Techno-economic analysis shows that neodymium metal production costs fall to 90.0 USD kg⁻¹ Nd at the 3000 A scale scenario, which is approximately one-third lower than the sales price of Nd metal. Such approach demonstrates significant potential for industrial-scale application and facilitates the integration of neodymium recycling into circular economy strategies.

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Single-molecule ionic-current sensing provides a powerful electroanalytical route for resolving small-molecule enantiomers, yet reliable discrimination remains difficult when stereochemical differences generate only weak and transient interfacial interactions. Here, we engineer a chiral solid-state nanopore by integrating an ultrathin β-cyclodextrin/trimesoyl chloride (β-CD/TMC) nanomembrane onto TiO2 nanopores and confining l-tryptophan within the interfacial host-guest microenvironment. The resulting chiral interface amplifies secondary noncovalent interactions under nanoscale confinement and converts subtle stereochemical asymmetry into distinguishable ionic-current blockade signatures. Using dwell time and normalized current amplitude as event-level descriptors, the nanopore enables high-resolution discrimination of multiple neuroactive enantiomers, including adrenaline (AD), norepinephrine (NE), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), and histidine (His). Structurally related AD and NE enantiomer systems, which differ by only a single methyl group, are resolved in both individual and mixed samples. After chiral interface engineering, the dwell time of d-AD is prolonged by 184%, and a discrimination factor of 42.64 is achieved for mixed analyte systems. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the enhanced ionic-current discrimination arises from stereochemistry-dependent persistence and cooperativity of hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. This work establishes secondary interaction amplification in chiral solid-state nanopores as an effective strategy for single-molecule ionic-current discrimination of complex small-molecule enantiomer systems.

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