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alpha-1 proteinase (Trypsone / Trypsan)

✓ Approved

Grifols, S.A. · SERPINA1

What is alpha-1 proteinase?

alpha-1 proteinase is a therapeutic agent developed by Grifols, S.A.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesTrypsone, Trypsan
CompanyGrifols, S.A.
Molecular TargetSERPINA1
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Grifols, S.A.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

alpha-1 proteinase acts on 1 molecular target:

SERPINA1serpin family A member 1 (PRO2275, nNIF)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

alpha-1 proteinase is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Congenital, familial and genetic disordersCongenital emphysema✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in microbiology2026-07-25

Effect of programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor combined with platinum-containing dual-agent chemotherapy regimen on gut microbiota in Lewis lung cancer model mice.

Dai Li L, Kong Fan-Lei FL

To explore the effects of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) combined with pemetrexed (PEM) and carboplatin (CARB) chemotherapy regimen on the gut microbiota in the Lewis lung cancer model mice compared to chemotherapy alone. C57BL/6 J male mice aged 10-12 weeks were selected to establish the Lewis lung cancer model by planting tumors in the right forelimb, and were randomly divided into negative control group (NC group), chemotherapy group (PEM-CARB group), and chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy group (PEM-CARB-PD-1 group), with eight mice in each group. The total RNA of fecal bacteria was collected from the feces of mice in each group after two cycles of drug administration. 16S rRNA gene amplification and high-throughput sequencing were performed to analyze the Alpha diversity, Beta diversity, composition, and function in the gut microbiota. The Alpha diversity was not statistically different between the PEM-CARB-PD-1 group and the PEM-CARB group (Shannon index: p = 0.645; Simpson index: p = 0.879). The Beta diversity between the PEM-CARB-PD-1 group and PEM-CARB group was statistically different [weighted Unifrac Principal Co-ordinate Analysis (PCoA), p = 0.001; unweighted Unifrac PCoA, p < 0.001]. However, the Beta diversity between the PEM-CARB-PD-1 group and the NC group did not reveal statistical differences (weighted Unifrac PCoA, p = 0.690; unweighted Unifrac PCoA, p = 0.135). Compared to the PEM-CARB group, the combination of the PD-1-inhibitor affects both the "response-favorable taxa" and "response-unfavorable taxa" for immunotherapy. Notably, the PEM-CARB-PD-1 group had an increased abundance of Gram-positive bacterial phenotypes relative to the PEM-CARB group (p = 0.038). Nearly no statistically significant differences in metabolic pathways were seen between the PEM-CARB-PD-1 group and the PEM-CARB group. Combination therapy affects both "response-favorable taxa "and "response-unfavorable taxa associated with immunotherapy, and the ultimate impact remains dependent on the ratio of the two types of flora. Predicted metabolic pathway analysis using PICRUSt2 suggested that the combination regimen may not further reduce predicted functional pathway abundance beyond that observed with chemotherapy alone. However, these predictions require validation through direct metagenomic or metabolomic approaches.

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PubMedJournal of fish diseases2026-07-25

From Lab to Farm: A Low-Cost Naked-Eye On-Site Detecting Platform for Cynoglossus semilaevis Parvovirus Based on Magnetic Beads Adsorption and LAMP-HNB.

Xue Shu-Xia SX, Yang Si-Yu SY, Xu Meng-Han MH, Liu Xin-Rui XR et al.

Cynoglossus semilaevis parvovirus (CsPV) is an important pathogen that poses a serious threat to the aquaculture industry. In the absence of vaccines and effective therapeutic drugs, early and sensitive detection of the pathogen is the key measure to prevent and control the outbreaks and epidemics of viral diseases. Currently, the existing detection methods for CsPV are expensive and rely on specialized operations, limiting the application of on-site detection. There is an urgent need for a low-cost, user-friendly detecting platform to prevent fish viral diseases. In this study, we confirmed skin mucus as a target tissue for non-lethal sampling, established a simple proteinase K digestion, 2% CTAB lysis and silica-hydroxylated magnetic beads adsorption method for extracting viral genomic DNA from skin mucus and developed a visual one-pot loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) detection method with a sensitivity of 4.69 × 101 copies/μL. Validation of the detection platform using clinical samples showed 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The cost of reagents for per sample was reduced from 16.6 CNY to 6.2 CNY. The low-cost naked-eye on-site detection platform provides technical support for resource-limited aquaculture farms to prevent and control emerging viral diseases in Chinese tongue sole.

PMID 42499016
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PubMedProgress in neurobiology2026-07-25

Low-frequency modulations bridge the Language and Default Mode networks.

Woolnough Oscar O, Murphy Elliot E, Dehaene Stanislas S, Tandon Nitin N

As you read this sentence, you integrate meanings of individual words into complex, higher-order representations. In addition to the core language network (LN), this dynamic process recruits other domain-general networks such as the default mode network (DMN), with which it partially overlaps anatomically but segregates from functionally. To evaluate interactions between LN and DMN, we extracted instantaneous frequency, power, and phase (4-30Hz) from intracranial electrodes in 32 participants who read sentences and wordlists. We isolated a complex low-frequency modulation, most reliably measured as a ramping of instantaneous frequency in the alpha band throughout sentences, greater than wordlists, occurring robustly across both the LN and DMN. Granger causal networks demonstrate this coincided with ramping increases in alpha-band connectivity between and within DMN and LN. We suggest that alpha-band modulations index dynamic interactions between core LN and broader domain-general networks and may be crucial for higher order semantic integration and the derivation of crossmodal knowledge from the language domain.

PMID 42498072
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PubMedThe Medical clinics of North America2026-07-25

Pediatric Sleep Disorders: Taking Care of Gen Z and Gen Alpha.

Balasubramaniam Ramesh R, Parekh Srishti V SV, Parekh Vivasvan B VB, Parekh Bakul B

Pediatric sleep disorders are common, underrecognized conditions with significant short-term and long-term consequences for physical health, neurocognitive development, mental well-being, and family functioning. This article provides a comprehensive, clinically focused overview of pediatric sleep disorders, with particular emphasis on Generation Z and Generation Alpha cohorts who are uniquely shaped by pervasive digital exposure, circadian disruption, and contemporary psychosocial stressors. Normal developmental changes in sleep architecture are reviewed to distinguish physiologic variation from pathology. Key sleep disorders including insomnia, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, sleep-disordered breathing, parasomnias, and sleep-related bruxism are discussed.

PMID 42498422
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PubMedBiochemical pharmacology2026-07-25

Mitochondria-targeted reactive species scavenger JP4-039 protects against disturbances of redox homeostasis, mitochondrial quality control, and glucose metabolism in brains of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase-deficient mice: A potential new therapeutic strategy for glutaric acidemia type 1.

de Britto Renata R, Moura Alvorcem Leonardo de L, Marcuzzo Manuela Bianchin MB, Ribeiro Rafael T RT et al.

Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is a cerebral organic aciduria caused by deficient activity of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). Patients present with acute striatal degeneration and develop progressive cortical leukodystrophy whose pathophysiology is only partially known. As treatment for GA1 is limited, we evaluated the impact of JP4-039, a mitochondria-targeted reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electron scavenger, on redox homeostasis, mitochondrial quality control, and glucose metabolism in the cortical and striatal brain tissues of GCDH-deficient (Gcdh-/-) mice. Both tissues exhibited increases in lipid peroxidation, ROS levels, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase. Furthermore, glutathione reductase activity was increased, and glutathione peroxidase was reduced in the striatum, while Nrf2 mRNA levels were elevated in the cortex. Notably, most of these altered endpoints of redox homeostasis were prevented by treatment with JP4-039. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) expression was reduced in the cortex of Gcdh-/- mice, whereas voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) expression were increased in the striatum, signaling a disturbance of mitochondrial quality control. JP4-039 mitigated the DRP1 change. The cerebral cortex displayed reduced glucose metabolism, increased lactate levels, and elevated activities of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which JP4-039 mitigated. GLUT3 expression was reduced in the cerebral cortex, but JP4-039 did not change this effect. Our data suggest that redox imbalance and dysregulated mitochondrial quality control and of the glycolytic pathway contribute to the pathophysiology of GA1, and that JP4-039 may offer therapeutic benefit.

PMID 42498157
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PubMedHNO2026-07-25

The European Board Examination in Otorhinolaryngology as a high-quality test instrument: psychometric measures in a long-term comparison.

Neudert Marcus M, Meric Hafiz Aysenur A, Ward Victoria V, Simo Ricard R et al.

The European Board Examination in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (EBEORL-HNS) is a Europe-wide specialty examination consisting of a written multiple-choice test and a standardized oral examination. Only limited psychometric analyses have been published to date. This study aimed to evaluate examination data from recent years and assess the formats regarding difficulty, reliability, and pass rates. Aggregated data from 2013-2024 were analyzed. Mean scores, standard deviations, item difficulty, item discrimination, Cronbach's alpha, and Angoff's score were calculated. The written and oral parts were examined descriptively and comparatively. The written examination demonstrated a mean difficulty of 67% (proportion of correctly answered items), a pass rate of 82%, and Cronbach's alpha of 0.83 (internal consistency). The passing cutoff (according to the Angoff method) was 59 points on average. The oral part showed a mean difficulty of 70%, a pass rate of 74%, and an average score of around 3.0 on a four-point scale. Year-to-year variability largely reflected differences in the international candidate cohorts. The findings confirm that the EBEORL-HNS demonstrates stable psychometric quality. Compared to national specialty examinations, it offers high transparency and clearly defined quality criteria. Variations in performance appear more related to heterogeneous training backgrounds than to shortcomings of the assessment tools.

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