Drug Database
PO

polio vaccine (OPV, Bio Farma / tOPV, Bio Farma)

✓ Approved

Bio Farma · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is polio vaccine?

polio vaccine is a vaccine developed by Bio Farma. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesOPV, Bio Farma, tOPV, Bio Farma
CompanyBio Farma
Drug ClassVaccine, Large Molecules
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Bio Farma

Therapeutic Indications

polio vaccine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresPolio immunisation✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedCell host & microbe2026-07-25

Engineering oral commensal nanovaccines to activate mucosal-systemic immune cascades against tumor.

Dong Zirong Z, Li Shuyan S, Wei Yuning Y, Zhao Jiaxin J et al.

Mucosal immunity-the body's frontline defense, harboring 80% of the body's immune cells-represents a potent yet underexploited avenue for cancer vaccination. Here, we developed an oral biohybrid vaccine platform by integrating tumor antigen-loaded liposomes with fimbriae-enriched bacteria (Escherichia coli or VNP20009) through bacterial hitchhiking or membrane hybridization. These biohybrids promote mucosal antigen delivery via glycoprotein 2 (GP2)-mediated microfold-cell (M-cell) transcytosis, enhancing antigen cross-presentation and activation of a mucosa-periphery-tumor immune cascade. Bacterial membrane-hybridized vaccines outperform bacteria-hitchhiking counterparts by reconfiguring dendritic cell (DC) subsets within gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) and triggering C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7)-dependent immune cell trafficking, thereby propagating mucosal immune activation toward distal tumor microenvironment (TME) reprogramming and tumor control. When combined with PD-1 blockade, this strategy enhances antitumor efficacy by promoting effector cell mobilization and establishing memory against tumor rechallenge. Collectively, these findings position bacteria-derived arsenal biohybrids as a versatile oral vaccine strategy, advancing mucosal immunotherapy for cancer.

PMID 42497859
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PubMedJournal of the International AIDS Society2026-07-25

From Awareness to Action Study: Improving Human Papillomavirus Knowledge, Screening and Vaccine Uptake Among Mother-Adolescent Pairs in the HOMINY Study in Nigeria: A Longitudinal Study.

Peter Oluwaseun O, Oborevwori Elohor E, Osagie Esosa E, Akhigbe Paul P et al.

Persistent cervical infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in women is a leading cause of cervical cancer, and its co-infection among people living with HIV increases the risk of other HPV-associated cancers, including oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. In sub-Saharan Africa, awareness of HPV is limited, screening and vaccine adoption are critically low, undermining efforts towards sexually transmitted infection (STI) elimination. From Awareness to ACTion (FACT) study assessed HPV knowledge, screening and vaccine uptake among adolescent-mother pairs participating in the HOMINY (HPV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Oral Microbiota Interplay in Nigerian Youths) prospective cohort study. Participants were enrolled, including adolescents aged 9-18 years (N = 636) and mothers aged 29-59 years (N = 385). FACT was conducted at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, between April 2024 and July 2025, with adolescents and mothers grouped by HIV serostatus. In line with the national immunization programme protecting girls in Nigeria, sensitization programmes were integrated into the research study to promote awareness and adoption of screening and vaccination practices. Knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV and its vaccination benefits were assessed through thematic discussions, interactive sessions and questionnaires administered over the study period. HPV awareness was initially low, particularly among adolescents, but increased following sensitization, rising from 34.5% to 64.4% among mothers and from 1.4% to 19.0% among adolescents. Vaccination uptake rose from 0% to 5.4% (p < 0.0001) in adolescents aged 9-14 years. Among adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV, uptake increased from 1.9% to 4% over time (p = 0.003), and the proportion of mothers who underwent HPV-related screening increased from 38.7% pre-sensitization to 52.4% 12-month post-sensitization (p < 0.0001). Barriers to the adoption of preventive services included misconceptions, healthcare provider gaps, myths, misinformation, mistrust, scepticism and limited access. HPV awareness programmes significantly improved knowledge, vaccination uptake and screening practices in this vulnerable population. As part of comprehensive STI elimination strategies, integrating HPV education and vaccination initiatives into HIV care and research will enhance prevention and address significant barriers. Lessons from a unique programmatic science framework provide critical insights for scaling vaccine delivery, and the design of future vaccine programmes.

PMID 42499163
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PubMedMarine environmental research2026-07-25

Week-long mesocosm spill tank experiments reveal distinct behaviour, fate, and ecological risks of bio-derived oils.

Xin Qin Q, Farooqi Hena H

The increasing marine transport of Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS), including bio-derived oils, raises concerns regarding their behaviour, fate, and ecological impacts following accidental releases. Bio-derived oils vary widely in composition depending on feedstocks and production processes, leading to uncertainty in associated spill behaviour and potential environmental risk. Improved weathering studies are therefore needed to support marine spill preparedness and response. Week-long mesocosm tank experiments were conducted to examine the fate and biological effects of three representative bio-derived oils (canola oil, biodiesel, and wood oil) in simulated nearshore marine waters. In each test, 1.0 L of oil was released into 1200 L of artificial seawater (15 °C) containing 1.2 kg of pre-mixed sediment and subjected to continuous high-energy wave mixing for seven days. Volatile organic carbon concentrations in the headspace above the spill were negligible for all oils. Water and sediment samples were collected at intervals for chemical analysis and ecotoxicity testing. Wood oil resulted in the highest dissolved and total organic carbon concentrations (up to 280 mg/L), caused sustained seawater acidification (pH decreased from 8.3 to 7.8-8.0), completely disappeared from the water surface, and accumulated extensively in sediments. Biodiesel and canola oil generated lower dissolved concentrations (less than 21 mg/L), with dispersed oil droplets persisting in the water column. The seawater pH remained stable at 8.3 throughout the week-long tests for both biodiesel and canola oil. Approximately 50% of the canola oil remained recoverable from the water surface after one week of wave action, whereas no recoverable biodiesel or wood oil residues were observed on the water surface. Ecotoxicological assays demonstrated sustained toxic effects in waters contaminated with biodiesel and wood oil. These results highlight the diverse weathering behaviours and ecological risks of bio-derived oils, emphasizing the need for oil-specific approaches to marine HNS spill risk assessment and response.

PMID 42497506
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PubMedJournal of the International AIDS Society2026-07-25

Behavioural and Structural Determinants of Mpox Vaccine Awareness and Uptake Among People With HIV in the Dominican Republic: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Paulino-Ramirez Robert R, Matias Wilfredo R WR, Chaumette Alexandre A, Lora-Rodríguez Hector H et al.

Mpox disproportionately affects people with HIV (PWH), yet little is known about mpox vaccine awareness and uptake in low- and middle-income countries. We evaluated mpox-related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among PWH in the Dominican Republic to identify determinants of vaccine awareness and uptake. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 98 PWH recruited through HIV clinics, community-based organizations and social networks (January-May 2025). The questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, mpox-related KAP, structural barriers and vaccination status. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine factors associated with mpox vaccine awareness. Half of the participants (49/98) were aware of the mpox vaccine. Individuals aged 31-40 years had significantly lower odds of awareness compared with those aged 21-30 years. Despite high levels of formal education, 79% rated their mpox knowledge as low, and most perceived minimal personal risk. Among participants aware of the vaccine, 71% had been vaccinated. Structural barriers, including inconvenient site locations and logistical challenges, were frequently reported, even among vaccinated individuals, indicating that access limitations rather than hesitancy were the dominant constraints. Trust in vaccinating organizations was high overall, and healthcare providers and community organizations were the primary sources of vaccine information. Peer and community influence emerged as notable facilitators of uptake, while lack of reliable information and concerns about vaccine safety contributed to hesitancy. Mpox vaccine awareness among PWH in the Dominican Republic was low, but willingness to vaccinate was high when individuals were informed and able to access services. Strengthening mpox preparedness will require expanding accessible vaccination sites, improving disease-specific health literacy, and leveraging trusted community and clinical networks. Integrating mpox vaccination into routine HIV care delivery and enhancing community-led outreach may substantially improve uptake in this and similar low-middle income countries (LMIC) settings.

PMID 42499164
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PubMedPneumonia (Nathan Qld.)2026-07-25

Pneumococcal pneumonia in adults - re-emergence of vaccine serotypes: a prospective multicenter cohort study in Germany, 2020-2023.

Bahrs Christina C, Rose Norman N, Barten-Neiner Grit G, Fleischmann-Struzek Carolin C et al.

The main burden of non-invasive pneumococcal diseases in adults is largely due to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study aimed to investigate the distribution and dynamics of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes and to determine the proportion of CAP cases attributable to serotypes covered by 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13), the 20-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV20), and the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) among adults in Germany from 2020 to 2023. In this prospective multicenter cohort study, we analyzed all adult patients with CAP enrolled between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2023, at 26 centers in Germany who provided urine samples for serotype-specific urine antigen detection (SSUAD) testing. Annual trends of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes from 2020 to 2023 were calculated for all patients and patient groups at risk using cluster-robust generalized linear models with heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors. Of the 2,028 patients with all-cause CAP, 1,504 (1,008 patients aged ≥ 60 years, 373 younger patients with at least one comorbidity) had urine samples analyzed with SSUAD tests. Overall proportion of vaccine-type pneumococcal pneumonia among all-cause CAP for PCV13, PCV20, and PPV23 serotypes was 5.41% (95% CI 4.12-7.06%), 8.11% (95% CI 6.35-10.31%), and 8.31% (95% CI 6.27-10.93%), and serotype 3 was the most prevalent serotype (52 cases). Among patients aged ≥ 60 years, an increasing annual trend was observed for serotype 3 (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.01-2.67), PCV13 (OR 1.89, 95% CI 0.89-2.89), PCV20 (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.99-2.14), and PPV23 serotypes (OR 1.47, 1.04-1.91). The findings demonstrate that vaccine serotypes, particularly serotype 3, continued to circulate and reemerged among older adults with CAP in Germany.

PMID 42498972
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PubMedHospital pharmacy2026-07-25

Distribution and Characteristics of Vaccine Adverse Events: Analysis of Over 2 Million Individual Case Safety Reports.

Castellana Eleonora E, Chiappetta Maria Rachele MR

To describe the distribution and characteristics of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) using a large US pharmacovigilance database. A retrospective descriptive analysis of Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) from the FDA AEMS database (January 2017-March 2026) was conducted. Reports were analyzed by vaccine type, adverse event terms, demographics, reporting year, and reporter category. A total of 2 169 603 ICSRs were identified, with 44.0% classified as serious. COVID-19 vaccines accounted for 78.4% of reports, reflecting mass vaccination campaigns. The most frequently reported events were headache (12.8%), pyrexia (11.8%), and fatigue (11.1%), predominantly non-serious and consistent with known reactogenicity profiles. Reporting peaked in 2021 (48.8%). Females accounted for 60.6% of reports. Non-COVID vaccines contributed substantially fewer reports. Most vaccine-associated adverse events were mild and expected. Findings support a favorable benefit-risk profile and highlight the importance of continuous pharmacovigilance systems for vaccine safety monitoring.

PMID 42500260
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