Drug Database
PO

polio vaccine (OPV, Bio Farma / tOPV, Bio Farma)

✓ Approved

Bio Farma · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is polio vaccine?

polio vaccine is a vaccine developed by Bio Farma. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesOPV, Bio Farma, tOPV, Bio Farma
CompanyBio Farma
Drug ClassVaccine, Large Molecules
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Bio Farma

Therapeutic Indications

polio vaccine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresPolio immunisation✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedBMC neurology2026-11-11

Targeted biologics in muscle strength restoration and corticosteroid sparing for patients post-myasthenic crisis.

Wang Yuan Y, Jin Lei L, Huan Xiao X, Chen Ran R et al.

Myasthenic crisis (MC) represents a life-threatening condition in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Despite a substantial reduction in in-hospital mortality for MC, full restoration of muscle strength and quality of life usually requires months or years. It remains unknown whether the sequential use of targeted biologics improves clinical outcomes in patients post-MC compared with the standard of care (SOC). We prospectively followed patients from MC through 6 months post-discharge between November 2018 and November 2025. We then stratified patients into subgroups according to the use of either biologics-based therapy (C5 inhibitors, FcRn antagonists, or rituximab) (BIO) or SOC. The primary endpoint was the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America-quantitative MG (MGFA-QMG) score at 6 months after discharge. Secondary outcomes included Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL), steroid dose, immunosuppressant (IS) use, cumulative steroid exposure, minimal symptom expression (MSE), and residual symptom burden. At 6 months after discharge, the BIO group (n = 56) had a lower MGFA-QMG score than the SOC group (n = 56) (4.51 ± 4.03 vs 6.28 ± 4.72; P = 0.038). Meanwhile, the BIO group required a lower dose of oral corticosteroid (14.74 ± 10.24 vs 21.96 ± 12.87 mg/day; P = 0.004), lower cumulative steroid burden (158.13 ± 64.71 vs 209.24 ± 96.81 mg/day·month; P = 0.001), and had a lower proportion of IS use (47.3% vs 67.9%; P = 0.028). MSE was achieved in 56.86% in the BIO and 60.38% in the SOC group, respectively. Targeted biologics were associated with better objective muscle strength and reduced corticosteroid and IS use after MC, although no significant between-group difference was observed in MG-ADL. A substantial proportion of patients in both groups continued to have residual symptoms at 6 months.

PMID 43009845
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PubMedBMC microbiology2026-11-11

Accounting for the silent threat: using QMRA to quantify downstream infection risks from oral poliovirus vaccination.

Boroujeni Negin Iranpour NI, S Lewis Madeline M, Weir Mark H MH

The global effort to eradicate poliovirus relies heavily on the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), yet the environmental shedding of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) into surface waters remains a critical, often overlooked, secondary hazard. In regions with poor sanitation and limited infrastructure, downstream communities may be unknowingly exposed to infectious viruses shed by upstream vaccinated populations. This study aimed to develop a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) framework to characterize these downstream infection risks and evaluate the efficacy of water treatment as a mitigation strategy. We utilized an in-silico model to simulate viral transport between two hypothetical under-vaccinated rural communities of varying sizes. Infection risks were estimated using two distinct approaches for calculating viral loading: a traditional mechanistic method based on individual shedding rates and a novel regression approach integrated with wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) data. A Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations) was employed to characterize uncertainties in pathogen occurrence, environmental decay, and within-host dose-response. Our results indicate that classical mechanistic models tend to overestimate viral loading and subsequent community risk, particularly in smaller populations. The QMRA estimated mean probabilities of infection as high as [Formula: see text] for large communities consuming untreated source water. However, sensitivity analysis identified water treatment as the most critical factor in risk reduction; standard filtration processes were shown to decrease the mean probability of infection by up to 99%. This research demonstrates that watershed dynamics and community placement are essential considerations for poliovirus risk management during vaccination campaigns. By transitioning toward WBE-based regression for risk estimation, public health officials can achieve more accurate environmental surveillance. Ultimately, our findings highlight the urgent need for accessible water filtration and integrated watershed modeling to protect vulnerable populations from silent viral circulation.

PMID 43009779
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PubMedJournal of biological engineering2026-11-11

Engineering an agrowaste-based multilayer bio-encapsulation system for sustained nutrient release and microbial biotransformation of chlorinated solvents.

Yang Dun-Sheng DS, Shen Meng-Wei MW, Huang Ya-Ling YL, Lin You-Ping YP et al.

Trichloroethylene (TCE), a known carcinogen, is denser than water, which explains its deep presence in groundwater. Limitations on long-term supplies of TCE degraders and nutrients often led to TCE dichlorination failures in the field. This study presents the development and evaluation of an agrowaste-based multilayer bioencapsulation system designed to prolong microbial activity and enhance nutrient availability for a more favorable TCE-dechlorination environment. TCE-degrading consortia were integrated with a nutrient-rich core derived from recycled fermented agrowastes and encapsulated within a structurally reinforced sodium alginate matrix to form bio-pellets. The acclimated microbial community exhibited a degradation rate constant of 0.33 day⁻¹, with confirmed transformation of TCE into dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride, indicating active reductive dechlorination pathways. Characterization of the encapsulated system revealed a nutrient profile of 410.4 ± 29.7 mg TOC g⁻¹, 9.1 ± 0.2 mg TN g⁻¹, and 20.5 ± 0.7 mg TP g⁻¹, which enabled sustained nutrient release to support microbial metabolic functions. Column reactor experiments demonstrated that the multilayer structure maintained physical integrity and functional stability for more than 74 days. The system achieved a total TCE removal efficiency of 98.5%, reducing concentrations from 600 mg L⁻¹ to 9.1 mg L⁻¹, while effectively alleviating mass transfer limitations commonly observed in non-encapsulated systems. Although microbial activity induced localized acidification, the incorporation of natural buffering capacity helped maintain system stability. These results demonstrate that the proposed bio-encapsulation platform provides a framework for integrating material design with microbial function, offering promising applications in environmental biotechnology and bioprocess engineering.

PMID 43010045
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PubMedNPJ vaccines2026-11-11

A structure-guided trivalent subunit vaccine confers maternal protection to neonatal piglets against PEDV and PDCoV.

Liu Jia J, Chen Longping L, Li Dan D, Wang Zhuo Z et al.

Antigenic divergence among porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) genotypes and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) limits the cross-protection provided by current commercial vaccines. Here, employing a structure-guided antigen design strategy, we developed a trivalent subunit vaccine concurrently targeting PEDV G2a, PEDV G2b, and PDCoV. The vaccine antigen set comprises optimized spike ectodomain antigens, featuring stabilizing mutations, a heptad repeat 2 (HR2) deletion, a fused neutralizing epitope, and a flagellin adjuvant fused to the N-terminus. Formulated with MF59+CpG adjuvants, this trivalent vaccine elicited robust PEDV- and PDCoV-specific neutralizing antibody responses and Th1/Th2-associated cellular immune responses characterized by IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 production in mice. Immunization of pregnant sows with 300 μg dose induced high-titer IgG, IgA, and colostral secretory IgA (SIgA) against all three target viruses. Although neutralizing antibody titers were comparable between the 100 μg and 300 μg dose groups, the 300 μg group showed higher and more persistent levels of colostral binding IgG and SIgA. Following maternal immunization, piglets that acquired maternal antibodies through colostrum exhibited reduced clinical diarrhea, lower fecal viral RNA shedding, and less severe intestinal lesions after challenge with PEDV G2a, PEDV G2b, or PDCoV. These findings support this structure-guided trivalent subunit vaccine as a promising candidate for maternal immunization against co-circulating porcine enteric coronaviruses.

PMID 43009510
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PubMedHealth communication2026-11-11

Spiritual Health Locus of Control and COVID-19 Booster Intentions Among Hispanic Americans: A Culturally Grounded Extension of the Extended Parallel Process Model.

Kim Joon J, Jun Jungmi J, Zambrano Rodriguez Viviana Carolina VC

Declining uptake of COVID-19 boosters poses significant public health concerns. Hispanic Americans, who have experienced disproportionate pandemic impacts, report lower uptake of updated boosters than non-Hispanic White adults, partly attributable to vaccine hesitancy. Although religiosity plays a central role in Hispanic communities, little is known about how spiritually grounded beliefs shape cognitive and emotional responses to vaccination. This study integrates the extended parallel process model (EPPM) with spiritual health locus of control (SHLOC) to examine how exposure to faith-based and governmental vaccine information influences booster intention through spiritually grounded efficacy appraisals. Using an online survey of Hispanic American adults (N = 349), we tested a structural equation model linking SHLOC, perceived threat, efficacy beliefs, fear, and vaccination intentions. Results indicated that active SHLOC, reflecting beliefs in divine partnership in health, increased response efficacy and indirectly promoted booster intention and vaccine advocacy, whereas passive SHLOC, reflecting divine determinism, reduced self-efficacy and indirectly discouraged booster intention. Perceived threat was positively associated with fear, and efficacy beliefs emerged as the strongest predictors of booster intention. Mediation analyses supported serial pathways from message exposure to SHLOC to efficacy to intention, identifying spiritually grounded control beliefs as a culturally embedded mechanism in vaccine decision making. Findings suggest that faith-based engagement can function as either a protective or risk communication channel, depending on whether messages reinforce divine partnership or determinism. The study advances EPPM by identifying SHLOC as a culturally grounded antecedent to efficacy appraisal and offers implications for culturally responsive vaccine communication in Hispanic communities.

PMID 43012739
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PubMedInternational journal for equity in health2026-11-11

Reaching zero-dose children through the Big Catch-Up initiative in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Elmahdy Eman E, Mere Osama O, Farrukh Saadia S, Alyousfi Mohamad Nihad MN et al.

Routine immunization (RI) is one of the most effective public health interventions for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. However, recent disruptions to RI have created immunity gaps in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), increasing the number of zero-dose (ZD) and under-immunized children, particularly in countries affected by conflict, displacement, service disruption, and ongoing vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks. The Big Catch-Up (BCU) initiative aimed to identify and vaccinate missed children, close immunity gaps, and strengthen RI systems. In the six Gavi-supported EMR countries included in this study (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen), implementation targeted children aged 12-59 months. This study assessed progress in reaching ZD children during BCU implementation in these six countries. A descriptive, multi-country programmatic analysis was conducted using quantitative and qualitative data from BCU quarterly reports covering implementation from Q4 2024 to Q1 2026. Additional data sources included World health Organization (WHO and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Estimates of National Immunization Coverage (WUENIC), Gavi-approved vaccine dose data, and UNICEF vaccine shipment data. Quantitative analysis summarized administered doses, zero-dose targets, BCU coverage, vaccine consumption, and performance by country and antigen among children aged 12-59 months. Age-disaggregated analyses were conducted for children aged 12-23 months and 24-59 months. Qualitative information from country reports on implementation successes, challenges, and lessons learned was summarized by country and thematic area. During the BCU implementation period, 3.5 million zero-dose children were reached with Penta1 across the six countries, representing 53% of the estimated cumulative population of 6.6 million ZD children. Of the 57 million Gavi-approved vaccine doses, 98% were shipped to countries, and 47.7 million doses were administered, equivalent to 84% of approved doses. Implementation success was supported by targeted identification of areas with high numbers of zero-dose children, integrated outreach, integration with other health services, and recruitment of vaccinators and deployment of community health workers. Key challenges included insecurity, population movement, inaccessible districts, community refusal, and limited community engagement. Substantial progress in reaching missed children was reported during BCU implementation in high-priority EMR countries. Lessons learned highlight the importance of integrating catch-up vaccination with RI, strengthening microplanning, ensuring timely vaccine supply and financing, improving community engagement, and institutionalizing catch-up vaccination.

PMID 43009985
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