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articaine hydrochloride + epinephrine (Septocaine)

✓ Approved

GC corporation · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is articaine hydrochloride + epinephrine?

articaine hydrochloride + epinephrine is a small molecule developed by GC corporation. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesSeptocaine
CompanyGC corporation
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteInjectable (Others)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, GC corporation

Therapeutic Indications

articaine hydrochloride + epinephrine is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Nervous system disordersAnaesthesia✓ Approved
Nervous system disordersSensory loss✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedCanadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie2026-07-25

A case of bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity during a blepharoplasty.

Becker Bruce B BB, Goodyear Kendall K

Bupivacaine is the most cardiotoxic local anesthetic. We present a case of a healthy 63-year-old female with no history of arrhythmias, ischemia, or other cardiac disease who had a cardiac arrest caused by bupivacaine during a blepharoplasty. A 63-year-old healthy female with no history of arrhythmias, ischemia or other cardiac disease presented for an upper and lower blepharoplasty. Intraoperatively a total of 12 ccs of 1:1 lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 epinephrine and bupivacaine 0.50% with 1:100,000 epinephrine was given subcutaneously and subconjunctivally in the lower eyelids. The patient developed ventricular tachycardia progressing to asystole 5 minutes after the injections. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation led to a return of circulation. Extensive investigations, including consultations with cardiologists and electrophysiologists, ruled out underlying cardiac pathology, and the cardiac arrest was determined to result from bupivacaine cardiotoxicity. This case highlights the potential for cardiac complications from the local administration of bupivacaine. It emphasizes the need for cardiac monitoring and the resources for cardiopulmonary resuscitation when using bupivacaine in periorbital anesthesia.

PMID 42498256
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PubMedInternational journal of pharmaceutics2026-07-25

Development of propranolol hydrochloride extended-release lipid matrix tablets for pediatric use.

Broocks Stefanie S, Gebhardt Melanie M, Klein Sandra S

Although solid oral dosage forms are widely used in adult drug therapy, age-appropriate formulations for pediatric patients remain limited. The development of suitable dosage forms is challenged by specific requirements regarding excipient safety, tablet size, and dose flexibility, as well as the need to improve therapy adherence in the context of frequent dosing. This study aimed to develop a pediatric-appropriate extended-release matrix tablet based on lipid matrix formers, with particular attention to the use of safe excipients and the selection of excipients based on sustainability considerations. Lipid-based excipients, selected due to their natural origin and similarity to dietary fats, were investigated and compared with conventional matrix formers. A formulation screening approach was applied to identify promising candidates based on drug release after one hour, followed by further evaluation of manufacturability, tablet hardness, and extended-release performance. In addition, the influence of a physiological pH-gradient, bile salts, and long-term storage on drug release was assessed. The selected formulations showed good manufacturability, uniformity, and sustained drug release. Overall, several lipid-based matrix formulations suitable for pediatric use were identified, providing a promising basis for the development of solid oral extended-release dosage forms for children.

PMID 42497932
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PubMedJournal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH2026-07-25

Rab31 promotes platelet activation and arterial thrombosis via ERK-PLCβ3 signaling and regulation of CD151.

Wang Yixian Y, Luo Jiajia J, Liu Jingjing J, Yang Qingyuan Q et al.

Rab GTPases regulate vesicular trafficking and membrane dynamics, processes essential for platelet activation. Although several Rab family members are expressed in platelets, the role of Rab31 remains undefined. To determine the role of Rab31 in platelet activation, thrombosis, and hemostasis and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Rab31 expression was examined in human and murine platelets. Platelet function was evaluated in Rab31-/- and wild type mice using aggregation, ATP release, spreading, and clot retraction assays. In vivo thrombosis and hemostasis were assessed by FeCl3-induced mesenteric arterial injury, collagen/epinephrine-induced pulmonary embolism, tail-snip bleeding, and platelet depletion and repletion experiments. Quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses were performed to identify Rab31-dependent signaling pathways in platelets. Rab31 was expressed in human and murine platelets at both mRNA and protein levels. Rab31 deficiency significantly reduced platelet aggregation, ATP secretion, spreading, and clot retraction. In vivo, Rab31-/- mice showed delayed arterial thrombus formation and reduced pulmonary embolism, whereas tail bleeding time and blood loss were unchanged. Platelet depletion and repletion experiments confirmed the platelet intrinsic role of Rab31 in thrombosis. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed decreased ERK2 and PLCβ3 phosphorylation in Rab31-deficient platelets, and quantitative proteomics identified reduced CD151 expression. These findings were validated by immunoblotting. Rab31 promotes platelet activation and arterial thrombosis without affecting physiological hemostasis, likely through regulation of ERK-PLCβ3 signaling and CD151 expression.

PMID 42498138
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-07-25

Multifunctional antimicrobial effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii against A/E pathogens Enteropathogenic E. coli and Citrobacter rodentium.

Vasamsetti Sai Madhuri SM, Khaderbad Yasaswi Y, Sarmah Novelina N, Atham Hari Naga Papa Rao HNPR et al.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) remains a leading cause of childhood diarrhea in low-resource settings, and escalating antimicrobial resistance necessitates non-antibiotic therapeutic approaches. This study investigates Lactobacillus johnsonii as a probiotic candidate capable of limiting A/E-pathogen colonization and attenuating infection-associated intestinal inflammation. The probiotic properties of L. johnsonii were evaluated through assays of gastrointestinal tolerance, epithelial adhesion, antimicrobial activity, biofilm inhibition, and pathogen exclusion. Secreted antimicrobial activity was investigated by fractionation and untargeted metabolomic profiling. Therapeutic efficacy was further assessed in an antibiotic-perturbed Citrobacter rodentium mouse infection. L. johnsonii exhibited robust gastrointestinal resilience (acid pH 1.5-2.5; 0.3% bile) and strong adhesion to human intestinal epithelial cells. In vitro, live L. johnsonii markedly inhibited EPEC growth, disrupted pre-formed biofilms, and displaced adherent pathogens from epithelial surfaces. In an antibiotic-perturbed Citrobacter rodentium infection model, oral L. johnsonii administration reduced pathogen loads in feces and colonic tissues by 3-4 log units, restored colon length, and alleviated epithelial ulceration and inflammatory infiltration. Mechanistic analyses revealed dual antimicrobial actions: nutrient competition and secretion of low-molecular-weight (<75 kDa) bactericidal factors active at ~30 µg mL-1. Untargeted metabolomic profiling of the active fraction generated putative annotations of chemically diverse small molecules, including fatty-acid and hydroxy-acid class compounds, as well as candidate metabolites such as quinine hydrochloride, aloperine, and γ-glutamylglutamine, thereby providing a foundation for future targeted validation of individual antimicrobial components. Notably, probiotic treatment reduced mucosal neutrophil infiltration and preserved epithelial architecture, suggesting attenuation of infection-associated inflammation. Collectively, these findings support L. johnsonii as a multifunctional probiotic that integrates biofilm disruption, metabolic competition, and immune-protective activity. The study highlights its translational potential as a probiotic-based intervention to manage attaching-and-effacing enteric infections and mitigate antibiotic reliance in vulnerable populations.

PMID 42500669
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PubMedHospital pharmacy2026-07-25

Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models as Decision-Support Tools in Hospital Compounding Pharmacy: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Castellana Eleonora E, Chiappetta Maria Rachele MR

To evaluate the efficiency and reliability of a large language model (LLM) as a decision-support tool in hospital compounding pharmacy for pediatric extemporaneous preparations requiring assessment of drug crushability, regulatory compliance, and formulation feasibility. A proof-of-concept study compared a structured LLM-assisted workflow with the traditional manual information retrieval process in a hospital pharmacy setting. The LLM (Claude Sonnet 4.6) was configured with a standardized prompt to extract and consolidate data from multiple authoritative sources: the Friuli Venezia Giulia "Do Not Crush" list, the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) database for Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), AIFA Law 648/96 off-label use lists, and the Stabilis database for oral liquid formulation stability. Two representative drugs, propranolol hydrochloride and imatinib mesylate, were analyzed. For each drug, the model generated a structured output including crushability, regulatory information, off-label status, and extemporaneous formulation data. The same queries were manually performed by an experienced hospital pharmacist. Primary outcome was information retrieval time; secondary outcomes included completeness and accuracy. The LLM-assisted workflow reduced retrieval time to less than 2 minutes per drug (mean 1 minute 45 seconds), compared with a mean of 20 minutes (range 15-25 minutes) for the manual process, plus an additional 5 to 10 minutes for transcription. Output completeness was 100%, with all predefined fields correctly populated. The model accurately classified drug crushability and correctly identified Law 648/96 regulatory status. For propranolol, the system identified crushability, pediatric off-label authorization, and SyrSpend-based formulations with stability data of up to 146 days at room temperature. For imatinib, the model highlighted cytotoxic handling precautions, identified the absence of SyrSpend formulations, and retrieved alternative formulation stability data (30 days refrigerated). A properly configured LLM can function as an effective decision-support tool in hospital compounding pharmacy, improving efficiency while maintaining high standards of completeness, accuracy, and regulatory compliance. These preliminary results support further investigation into the integration of the LLM system into routine pediatric galenical preparation practice.

PMID 42500259
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PubMedEmergency medicine journal : EMJ2026-07-24

Association between the timing of prehospital epinephrine administration and patient outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Korea: a nationwide observational study.

Lee Seung Hyo SH, Hong Won Pyo WP, Park Jeong Ho JH, Kim Minjung M et al.

The optimal timing of epinephrine during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains uncertain, particularly for neurological recovery. We examined the association between time-to-epinephrine and clinical outcomes in adult OHCA in Korea. We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort of emergency medical service (EMS)-treated, non-traumatic adult OHCA (2019-2021). Patients were classified as early (≤20 min) or delayed (>20 min) based on arrest-to-first epinephrine. The primary outcome was favourable neurological status at discharge (Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) 1-2); secondary outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to discharge. We applied 1:1 propensity-score matching and multivariable logistic regression, including continuous (per 1-minute and 5-minute delays) and 5-minute bin analyses of time-to-epinephrine, with effect modification assessed by initial rhythm. Among 10 726 patients, 3589 (33.5%) received epinephrine within 20 min. In the matched cohort (n = 5,734), delayed administration was associated with lower survival (4.46% vs 7.74%; aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.44-0.71) and lower likelihood of favourable neurological outcome (2.13% vs 3.77%; aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40-0.79), compared with early administration. In continuous models, each 1-minute delay was associated with lower odds of good CPC (aOR 0.964, 95% CI 0.942 to 0.987); a 5-minute delay corresponded to aOR 0.833 (95% CI 0.741 to 0.937) and bin-wise estimates showed a marked drop beyond 30 min (aOR 0.048, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.393). Early epinephrine administration within 20 min of cardiac arrest onset was associated with higher rates of ROSC, survival to discharge and favourable neurological recovery in this EMS setting. These findings support the importance of timely advanced life support delivery, including early epinephrine, although cautious interpretation is warranted.

PMID 42493234
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