Drug Database
TR

triamcinolone acetonide (Azmacort 134a / KI03216 / Azmacort CFC)

✓ Approved

AbbVie, Inc. · NR3C1 · Small Molecule

What is triamcinolone acetonide?

triamcinolone acetonide is a small molecule developed by AbbVie, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled or topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAzmacort 134a, KI03216, Azmacort CFC
CompanyAbbVie, Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetNR3C1
RouteInhaled, Topical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, AbbVie, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

triamcinolone acetonide acts on 1 molecular target:

NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

triamcinolone acetonide is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedCase reports in dermatology2026-07-25

High-Potency Depigmenting Mask Delivered via 1,927-nm Fractional Laser in Refractory Melasma: A Pilot Case Series.

Piquero-Casals Jaime J, Mir-Bonafé Juan Francisco JF, Rozas-Muñoz Eduardo E, Piquero-Casals Vanesa V et al.

Melasma is a chronic, relapsing hyperpigmentation disorder and may remain refractory despite multiple topical agents and procedural approaches. We report a case series of six women with Fitzpatrick skin types III-V and longstanding, treatment-resistant facial melasma managed with a multimodal protocol consisting of (1) a 16-week home regimen (twice-daily depigmenting cosmeceutical serum and daily high-protection sunscreen) and (2) two sessions of low-energy, low-density 1,927-nm fractional thulium laser at 4-week intervals, immediately followed by laser-assisted delivery of a compounded depigmenting mask (hydroquinone, retinoic acid, kojic acid, triamcinolone acetonide, vitamins C and E). Clinical response was assessed using the Melasma Severity Scale (MSS), standardized photography, and patient satisfaction. At week 16, all patients improved: 4 achieved >75% clinical improvement and 2 achieved 50-75% improvement, with high satisfaction and no significant adverse events beyond transient darkening and mild desquamation. Clinical benefits remained stable 12 weeks after the final laser session. This case series suggests that 1,927-nm fractional thulium laser-assisted delivery of a high-potency depigmenting compound, supported by topical priming and strict photoprotection, may be a feasible option for selected patients with refractory melasma.

PMID 42499700
Read full article →
PubMedCureus2026-07-24

Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Characteristics of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis Treated With Ultrasound-Guided Intralesional Steroid Injection.

Bitencourt Larissa L, Mascarenhas Luiza L

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare benign chronic inflammatory breast disease with heterogeneous clinical and radiologic presentations and no standardized treatment. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, radiologic, and therapeutic characteristics of patients with biopsy-proven idiopathic granulomatous mastitis treated with ultrasound-guided intralesional steroid injection. We conducted a retrospective observational study at a breast department in Salvador, Brazil. Medical records from May 2023 to January 2024 were reviewed. Patients with histologically confirmed granulomatous mastitis, negative bacterial and fungal cultures, and treatment with ultrasound-guided intralesional triamcinolone acetonide were included. Clinical, radiologic, treatment, and response data were analyzed descriptively. Ten females were included. The mean age was 35.8 years, and all patients were premenopausal. Pain or tenderness with hyperemia was observed in nine patients (90%). All patients had skin involvement, and three (30%) had fistulas. The mean number of intralesional steroid injections was 3.3, and the mean follow-up was 5.7 months. Complete clinical response occurred in five patients (50%), partial response in three (30%), and no response in two (20%). Complete radiologic response occurred in four patients (40%). No patient required surgery. One patient developed skin retraction. Ultrasound-guided intralesional triamcinolone injection appears to be a feasible conservative treatment option for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, with clinical or radiologic response in most patients and limited adverse events. Larger prospective studies are needed to define optimal dosing, durability of response, recurrence rates, and long-term safety.

PMID 42495485
Read full article →
PubMedBMJ open ophthalmology2026-07-24

Comparative efficacy of different treatment modalities in the management of macular oedema in retinitis pigmentosa: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Yang Hsi-An HA, Jheng Wun-Long WL, Hwang Yih-Shiou YS, Wu Wei-Chi WC et al.

To compare the efficacy of current treatments for retinitis pigmentosa (RP)-associated macular oedema using network meta-analysis (NMA). Electronic databases were searched for studies reporting changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT). A frequentist NMA was performed and treatment hierarchies were estimated using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. 12 studies were included to compare the following: oral acetazolamide 500 mg/day, oral methazolamide 50-100 mg/day, topical dorzolamide 2% three times daily, topical ketorolac 0.5% four times daily, intravenous umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs; single administration of 3×10⁶ cells), intravitreal dexamethasone implant (DEXi) 0.7 mg, intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) 4 mg, sub-Tenon TA (STTA) 20 mg, intravitreal bevacizumab 1.25 mg and intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg. Regarding changes in BCVA at 3-4 months, oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) showed greater BCVA improvement compared with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies; however, no intervention demonstrated statistically significant superiority in BCVA at 12 months. At 3-4 months, DEXi, acetazolamide, methazolamide and dorzolamide demonstrated comparable CMT reduction and outperformed anti-VEGF therapies, IVTA, STTA, intravenous UCMSC and control. By 12 months, dorzolamide (vs acetazolamide: -169.50 µm (95% CI -331.83 to -7.17) and vs methazolamide: -185.49 µm (95% CI -354.35 to -16.63)) and DEXi (vs acetazolamide: -147.00 µm (95% CI -206.58 to -87.42) and vs methazolamide: -162.99 µm (95% CI -238.56 to -87.42)) provided significantly greater CMT reduction than acetazolamide and methazolamide. CAIs and DEXi demonstrated the greatest long-term anatomical benefit for RP-associated macular oedema, whereas durable BCVA gains remained limited across available therapies. While oral and topical CAIs showed comparable short-term efficacy, topical dorzolamide and DEXi provided greater long-term CMT reduction than oral CAIs. Given the limited number of studies and small sample sizes, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and validated in larger randomised controlled trials.

PMID 42493417
Read full article →
PubMedCureus2026-07-23

Late Cystoid Macular Edema Following Treated Bilateral Endogenous Endophthalmitis Due to Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Case Report.

Ennassimi Youssef Y, Belghmaidi Sarah S, Tlemcani Younes Y, Moutaouakil Abdeljalil A

Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is a rare but potentially devastating intraocular infection resulting from hematogenous seeding of an intraocular pathogen from a distant infectious focus. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an increasingly recognized causative agent, classically associated with hepatic abscesses, particularly in Asian populations, but with a growing incidence worldwide. Despite adequate treatment, late inflammatory complications may occur; cystoid macular edema (CME) as a delayed sequela of treated EE has been rarely described in the literature. We report a 64-year-old woman with no prior ophthalmic history and a documented penicillin allergy who presented with bilateral EE secondary to K. pneumoniae hepatic abscesses. At presentation, visual acuity (VA) was counting fingers at one meter in the right eye (RE) and no light perception in the left eye (LE). Treatment included intravenous (IV) imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole, combined with bilateral intravitreal injections of vancomycin and ceftazidime. Microbiological analysis of hepatic drainage fluid confirmed K. pneumoniae on day 5. At discharge, RE VA recovered to 8/10, while the LE required evisceration due to irreversible functional loss. Two months later, the patient presented with a sudden drop in RE VA to 1/10. Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed confluent cystic intraretinal spaces with a central macular thickness (CMT) of 620 μm and a macular volume of 11.35 mm³, consistent with inflammatory CME. After confirming infection control, two posterior sub-Tenon injections of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/1 mL each), spaced one month apart, resulted in significant edema regression (CMT: 408 μm, average thickness: 341 μm) with VA improvement to 6/10. This case illustrates the occurrence of delayed CME as a late complication of treated EE, likely sustained by persistent subclinical inflammation mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), disrupting the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide proved effective and well-tolerated. Prolonged ophthalmologic follow-up with systematic macular OCT is warranted after treated EE to enable early detection and management of late inflammatory complications such as CME.

PMID 42491781
Read full article →
PubMedInternational journal of women's health2026-07-23

Local Triamcinolone Injection versus Anti-Tuberculosis Triple Therapy for Non-Puerperal Mastitis: A Comparative Study.

Yang Li L, Wang Huijing H, Ma Lixia L, Gao Dan D et al.

This study aims to compare the performance of local triamcinolone injection and anti-tuberculosis triple therapy in treating patients with non-puerperal mastitis (NPM). This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with NPM at the Breast Surgery Department of the First People's Hospital of Zunyi City between October 2021 and December 2024. Patients were categorized into the triamcinolone group and the anti-tuberculosis group based on the treatment administered. The remission rates, treatment duration, and drug-related adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. A total of 92 cases were included for final analysis, with 44 in the triamcinolone group and 48 in the anti-tuberculosis treatment group. The median treatment duration (41.50 (30.00-60.50) days vs 120.00 (90.00-187.50) days, P < 0.001), and complication rate (13.6% vs 66.7%, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in patients of the triamcinolone group, while the remission rate (91.95 (81.62-100.00)% vs 82.35 (54.55-100.00)%, P = 0.029) and partial remission rate (97.7% vs 68.8%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pathological type (OR = 0.296, 95% CI: 0.091-0.963, P = 0.040) and first affected area (OR = 1.099, 95% CI: 1.025-1.178, P = 0.008) were independent influencing factors of remission rate. Intralesional triamcinolone injection appears to be associated with shorter treatment duration, higher short-term remission rates, and fewer complications compared with antituberculosis triple therapy in patients with NPM. Given the retrospective design, these findings should be validated in prospective randomized studies.

PMID 42491725
Read full article →
PubMedCeska a slovenska oftalmologie : casopis Ceske oftalmologicke spolecnosti a Slovenske oftalmologicke spolecnosti2026-07-23

Intravitreal Steroid and Anti-VEGF in Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Rangel Mario Carlos MC, Arias Alejandro A, Gómez Alejandra María AM, Restrepo Marcos M et al.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combined intravitreal steroid and anti-VEGF treatment in patients with retinal vein occlusion at an  ophthalmological referral center in Colombia. This is an analytical, longitudinal study of patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, who underwent treatment of combined intravitreal steroid and Anti-VEGF therapy at the Ophthalmology Department's  Retina and Vitreous Unit, collected from an anonymized database. The study included 39 eyes from an anonymized secondary source, from January 2016 to December 2024. After an average follow-up of 18.7 months, a significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (from 1.22 to 0.93 LogMAR, p = 0.01) and a statistically significant reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) (from 567.5 to 236 μm, p = 0.01) were observed, with 76.9% of patients achieving a CMT < 300 μm. Intraocular pressure remained stable (15.18 vs. 15.69 mmHg). Most patients received Bevacizumab (64%) and Triamcinolone (66%), and 67% required intravitreal reinjections. The central retinal vein occlusion group showed visual improvement and a decrease in CMT, although 24% experienced complications, mainly elevated intraocular pressure and cataract progression. The superotemporal vein occlusion and inferotemporal vein occlusion groups also showed visual improvement and a reduction in CMT, with few complications. Combination therapy was effective in improving visual function and reducing macular edema in different types of retinal vein occlusion. retinal vein occlusion, macular edema, intravitreal injections, Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, Triamcinolone, Dexamethasone.

PMID 42486678
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about triamcinolone acetonide