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triamcinolone acetonide (Azmacort 134a / KI03216 / Azmacort CFC)

✓ Approved

AbbVie, Inc. · NR3C1 · Small Molecule

What is triamcinolone acetonide?

triamcinolone acetonide is a small molecule developed by AbbVie, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled or topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAzmacort 134a, KI03216, Azmacort CFC
CompanyAbbVie, Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetNR3C1
RouteInhaled, Topical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, AbbVie, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

triamcinolone acetonide acts on 1 molecular target:

NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

triamcinolone acetonide is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedAmerican journal of translational research2026-05-22

Clinical efficacy of intra-articular sodium hyaluronate injection and optimizing the puncture site in knee osteoarthritis.

Wu Yutong Y, Li Feng F, Ke Xiurong X, Qian Jin J et al.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intra-articular sodium hyaluronate in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and to assess the effect of different puncture sites on treatment outcome. This retrospective study included 198 patients with KOA treated between September 2023 and September 2025. Patients were divided into a sodium hyaluronate group (n=102) and a triamcinolone acetonide group (n=96). The sodium hyaluronate group was further categorized by puncture site: superolateral (n=26), inferolateral (n=25), superomedial (n=27), and inferomedial (n=24). Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline and 6 months using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Hospital for Special Surgery knee score (HSS), Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2-Short Form (AIMS2-SF), and inflammatory markers including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Adverse events were recorded. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups (P>0.05). After 6 months, both treatments significantly improved clinical scores (P<0.05). The sodium hyaluronate group demonstrated superior pain relief, functional improvement, and lower incidence of adverse events compared with triamcinolone acetonide (P<0.05). In puncture-site analysis, WOMAC scores improved across all subgroups. The inferomedial approach provided greater pain relief, whereas the superolateral and superomedial approaches showed better improvement in joint stiffness, physical function, inflammatory markers, and quality of life (P<0.05). Adverse event rates did not differ among puncture-site groups. Intra-articular sodium hyaluronate is effective and safe for KOA. Clinical outcomes vary according to puncture site, with superolateral and superomedial approaches demonstrating consistent overall benefits.

PMID 42170462
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PubMedScientific reports2026-05-21

Comparative effects of intracapsular corticosteroid injection on pain control after total hip arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Ikemura Satoshi S, Utsunomiya Takeshi T, Shiomoto Kyohei K, Motomura Goro G et al.

Effective pain control after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is essential for postoperative recovery; however, limited data exist comparing different corticosteroid agents using a three-arm design that includes a saline control, administered as a single-site intracapsular injection with extended postoperative assessment. This prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial compared the analgesic effects of two intracapsular corticosteroids with saline. One hundred fifty patients undergoing primary THA were randomized to receive an injection into the hip joint capsule at wound closure with triamcinolone acetonide plus bupivacaine, betamethasone plus bupivacaine, or saline. After protocol deviations, 138 patients were included in the final analysis. Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and during motion on postoperative days 3, 5, and 7. Baseline demographics and perioperative variables were comparable among groups. At rest, triamcinolone acetonide resulted in significantly lower VAS scores than saline across all assessment points. During motion, both corticosteroid groups demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of patients achieving sufficient pain control on postoperative day 3 compared with saline. Rescue analgesic use and frequency were significantly reduced in the corticosteroid groups. No major injection-related complications were observed. These findings indicate differential analgesic effects among corticosteroid agents and suggest that triamcinolone acetonide provides more effective postoperative pain control after THA.

PMID 42162037
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PubMedJournal of microencapsulation2026-05-21

Hyaluronic acid-modified PLGA nanoparticles for enhanced ocular drug delivery.

Huang Sa S, Tang Tianyu T, He Huashen H, Li Fan F et al.

To develop hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (HA-PLGA NPs) for enhanced triamcinolone acetonide (TA) ocular delivery. HA-PLGA NPs were prepared via solvent evaporation. Physicochemical properties, in vitro corneal permeation, and in vivo pharmacokinetics in rabbit aqueous humour were evaluated. HA modification significantly increased encapsulation efficiency from 22.26 ± 0.8% to 62.87 ± 3.9% (w/w) and drug loading from 2.21 ± 0.08% to 6.09 ± 0.38% (w/w). Apparent permeability coefficient increased from 2.33 ± 0.14 to 9.28 ± 0.58 (×10-6cm·s-1). In vivo, HA-PLGA NPs achieved a 7.2-fold higher area under the curve (AUC0→360) (8.06 μg·mL-1·min) compared to unmodified nanoparticles. HA-PLGA NPs provide a high-efficiency, non-invasive platform for treating posterior segment diseases by overcoming ocular barriers through bioadhesion.

PMID 42165804
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PubMedRSC advances2026-05-21

Genipin-crosslinked CeO2-incorporating Janus patch for oral ulcer treatment.

Kim Han Sol HS, Park Sujin S, Sharker Shazid Md SM, Lee Sang-Woo SW et al.

Oral ulcers and mucositis are difficult to manage clinically due to the persistently wet oral environment, continuous mechanical stress, and the complex inflammatory and oxidative microenvironment at lesion sites. Conventional topical therapies, including corticosteroid gels, often suffer from poor mucosal retention and limited therapeutic durability. Here, we report a dual-layered Janus oral patch that integrates wet-tissue adhesion, localized corticosteroid delivery, and genipin-crosslinked CeO2 nanozyme-mediated redox regulation for effective oral ulcer treatment. The patch comprises a tissue-facing adhesive layer of gallic acid-conjugated chitosan (CHI-G) loaded with triamcinolone acetonide, and an opposing, non-adhesive outer layer in which CeO2 nanozymes are immobilized within a genipin-crosslinked CHI-G network. This spatially organized architecture enables stable mucosal fixation while minimizing nonspecific adhesion and nanoparticle leaching. The Janus patch exhibited strong adhesion to wet oral mucosa, resistance to salivary shear flow, and effective barrier function against bacterial penetration. In vitro and in vivo biosafety assessments confirmed excellent biocompatibility and the absence of systemic cerium accumulation. In a mouse oral ulcer model, the dual-layered Janus patch significantly accelerated wound closure compared to untreated and conventional corticosteroid gel-treated controls. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed enhanced re-epithelialization, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and significant reduction of oxidative stress at the ulcer site. Collectively, genipin-stabilized CeO2 nanozyme-integrated Janus patch design provides a robust and localized therapeutic strategy for oral ulcers, offering a clinically relevant platform that overcomes key limitations of conventional treatments.

PMID 42164301
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PubMedOphthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina2026-05-21

One-year CALM Outcomes: Data From a Real-world Registry Study of the 0.18-mg Fluocinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Implant for the Treatment of Patients With Non-infectious Uveitis Affecting the Posterior Segment.

Sharma Sumit S, Chang Peter Y PY, Choi Rene Y RY, Lin Phoebe P et al.

The CALM Registry was a retrospective cohort study that assessed real-world outcomes of treating chronic noninfectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment (NIU-PS) with the 0.18-mg fluocinolone acetonide implant (FAi). Eligible participants were aged ≥18 years and diagnosed with chronic NIU-PS. Safety and effectiveness outcomes, as available, were collected from charts. Two hundred sixty-seven eyes from 200 participants received the FAi (mean age, 62.8 years; 10.5% phakic). Median intraocular pressure remained stable at 14.0 mmHg. Two cataract surgeries were reported. In the 12 months pre-FAi, 84.1% of eyes had ≥1 recurrence of uveitis; 12 months post-implant, the recurrence rate was 12.0%, and retinal thickness reduced significantly (P < .05). The proportion of eyes with ≥ 20/40 visual acuity was stable from baseline (49%) to 12 months (55%). Real-world data from the CALM Registry study indicate effective control of chronic NIU-PS with the FAi and no new safety signals.

PMID 42165519
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PubMedOcular immunology and inflammation2026-05-21

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Uveitis Treated with the 0.19 Mg Fluocinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Implant: Clinical Outcomes in a Retrospective Case-Series.

Llorenç Víctor V, Miserocchi Elisabetta E, Fonseca Cristina C, Pleyer Uwe U

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the 0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) intravitreal implant for the management of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated uveitis. Multicenter retrospective case-series including patients who developed uveitis during ICI therapy and were treated with a 0.19 mg FAc implant. The primary outcome was complete resolution of intraocular inflammation at the last follow-up visit (LFUV). Secondary outcomes included changes in best-reported visual acuity (BRVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), anterior chamber cell (ACC) and flare grades, vitreous haze (VH), intraocular pressure (IOP), need for adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapy, and modifications in ICI treatment. Fourteen eyes of 9 patients (mean age 60.0 ± 8.0 years) were included. Median time from ICI initiation to uveitis onset was 5.0 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.0-6.0). Median follow-up after FAc implantation was 15.0 months (IQR: 12.0-18.0). At LFUV, complete inflammatory resolution was achieved in 92.9% of eyes, significantly higher than pre-implant status (p = 0.0039). BRVA improved significantly from uveitis onset (0.79 ± 0.17 logMAR) to last follow-up (0.19 ± 0.04 logMAR; p = 0.0008). ACC, flare, and VH resolved in all eyes (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). IOP remained stable, with one transient elevation successfully controlled with topical therapy. Requirement for adjunctive anti-inflammatory treatment declined progressively after implantation. Most patients were able to continue or resume ICI therapy during follow-up. The 0.19 mg FAc intravitreal implant provided sustained control of inflammation, significant visual improvement, and reduced treatment burden in patients with ICI-associated uveitis. This local therapeutic approach may facilitate continuation of systemic immunotherapy while maintaining ocular disease control.

PMID 42166555
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