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Rho(D) Immune Globulin

✓ Approved

CSL Limited · Polyclonal Antibodies · Polyclonal Antibodies

What is Rho(D) Immune Globulin?

Rho(D) Immune Globulin is a polyclonal antibodies developed by CSL Limited. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

CompanyCSL Limited
Drug ClassPolyclonal Antibodies, Antibody
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, CSL Limited

Therapeutic Indications

Rho(D) Immune Globulin is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Congenital, familial and genetic disordersRhesus haemolytic disease of newborn✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedArab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology2026-07-25

Innate immune activity in radiation Proctitis.

Egan Laurence L, Shadad Abobakr A, Mureau Coralie C, Sullivan Frank F et al.

Radiation proctitis is a common and morbid complication of pelvic radiotherapy, yet its pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Preclinical models suggest that activation of the innate immune system, particularly the NF-kappaB signaling pathway, plays a key role in regulating intestinal responses to ionizing radiation. This study aimed to investigate the activation of innate immune responses in rectal mucosa during prostate radiotherapy and examine correlations with the development of acute proctitis. A prospective observational study was conducted at University Hospital Galway, including 28 prostate cancer patients receiving external beam radiotherapy (74 Gy in 37 fractions). Clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v3.0). Endoscopic examinations and rectal biopsies were performed at baseline (week 0) and post-treatment (week 6). Histological evaluation and immunohistochemistry for phospho-p65 NF-kappaB were used to assess mucosal injury and immune activation. Real-time PCR was performed to quantify the expression of NF-kappaB target cytokine genes (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α). There was a progressive increase in the frequency of proctitis symptoms, with significant elevations in endoscopic and histological scores from baseline to week 6 (P < 0.0001). NF-kappaB activation scores significantly increased post-radiotherapy (P < 0.0001), and a moderate positive correlation was observed between endoscopic scores and NF-kappaB activation (rho = 0.483, P = 0.009). While expression levels of target cytokine genes increased post-treatment, these changes did not reach statistical significance. This study provides evidence of innate immune activation in the rectal mucosa during prostate radiotherapy, particularly via NF-kappaB signaling. These findings suggest that mucosal immune responses contribute to the development of radiation proctitis and highlight potential therapeutic targets to mitigate gastrointestinal toxicity.

PMID 42498560
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PubMedJournal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal2026-07-25

Frenkel line in a dipolar fluid: decoupling of sound dispersion and transverse waves.

Fomin Yury Y

The Frenkel line, which marks the crossover from gas-like to solid-like dynamics in fluids, has been extensively studied in simple and molecular systems but remains unexplored for dipolar fluids. Using molecular dynamics simulations of a model diatomic dipolar fluid (parametrized after CO), we locate the Frenkel line along the supercritical isotherm $T=800$ K using two criteria: the isochoric heat capacity $c_V/k_{\mathrm{B}} = 3.0$ and the disappearance of oscillations in the velocity autocorrelation function. Both criteria consistently place the Frenkel line at a density of $\rho \approx 1.1$ g/ml. Analysis of the excitation spectra reveals an unusual decoupling: positive sound dispersion already appears at $\rho=0.9$ g/ml, whereas transverse (shear) waves emerge only at the Frenkel line density of $\rho=1.1$ g/ml. The magnitude of the positive sound dispersion is about $20 \%$, similar to that in simple monatomic melts. For the first time, we investigate rotational dynamics across the Frenkel line using the autocorrelation functions $C_1(t)$ and $C_2(t)$. The corresponding correlation times $\tau_1$ and $\tau_2$ increase monotonically with density and show no detectable anomaly upon crossing the Frenkel line. Our results suggest that although translational dynamics exhibit a clear crossover at the Frenkel line, rotational motion in dipolar fluids is not significantly affected.

PMID 42497903
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PubMedClinical and translational science2026-07-25

Population Pharmacokinetics of Rituximab in Treatment-Naïve Chinese Patients With Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma During Induction Therapy: Clinical Implications.

Zhou Wan-Yi WY, Ling Jing J, Guan Meng-Meng MM, Qu Ying Y et al.

This study aimed to establish and validate a population pharmacokinetic model for rituximab during induction therapy in treatment-naive patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, identify covariates affecting key pharmacokinetic parameters, and predict exposure. This retrospective study included newly diagnosed patients receiving rituximab-containing induction regimens. Blood samples were collected before the next dose and after completion of the current dose across different chemotherapy cycles during the induction therapy; plasma concentrations were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. A nonlinear mixed-effects model was developed and externally validated. Individual parameters were obtained using empirical Bayesian methods, and first-cycle trough concentrations were predicted. For model building, 45 patients and 115 samples were included; external validation used 12 patients and 28 samples. Rituximab pharmacokinetics were described by a two-compartment model. Representative estimates were: clearance 0.0181 L/h, central volume 8.12 L, intercompartmental clearance 0.0213 L/h, peripheral volume 29.2 L. Albumin-globulin ratio was the final covariate and significantly affected clearance. Validation indicated good stability and predictive performance. Predicted first-cycle trough concentrations were below the reference efficacy threshold, and lower troughs were associated with smaller albumin-globulin ratios. This model quantified the effect of albumin-globulin ratio on clearance and suggests a risk of insufficient rituximab exposure during induction therapy, supporting future individualized dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring.

PMID 42499290
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PubMedComparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics2026-07-25

Transcriptomic analysis provides molecular insights into the innate immune defense of Mactra veneriformis against Vibrio alginolyticus infection.

Li Hongda H, Liu Tao T, Li Qiang Q, Jiang Lingfeng L et al.

Mactra veneriformis is an economically important bivalve mollusc in China, but its aquaculture is frequently threatened by Vibrio infections, particularly Vibrio alginolyticus. To investigate the molecular immune response of M. veneriformis to V. alginolyticus, we performed RNA-seq analysis of hepatopancreatic tissues collected at 48 h post-infection, the peak mortality time point, with PBS-injected individuals used as controls. Infection with V. alginolyticus caused severe histopathological damage in the hepatopancreas and resulted in a cumulative mortality of 53.3% over 14 d, compared with 3.3% in the control group. Transcriptomic analysis identified 2623 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1585 significantly up-regulated genes and 1038 down-regulated genes. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that DEGs were significantly enriched in immune related and metabolism pathways, including the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway, and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings revealed candidate immune related genes (tlr3, tlr5, myd88, nfkb1, il-17d, and ifi44l), a putative TLR-MyD88-NF-κB signaling axis, and KEGG signaling pathways, including JAK-STAT, RLR and CYP450, that may be involved in the innate immune response of M. veneriformis to V. alginolyticus infection. These results provide a transcriptomic basis for understanding host-pathogen interactions in this species and highlight candidate genes and pathways for future functional validation and potential application in disease-resistance breeding.

PMID 42497824
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PubMedInternational journal of biological macromolecules2026-07-25

Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from wild Chinese cordyceps (Ophiocordyceps sinensis).

Ruan Yi Y, Bian Zhiying Z, Li Yong Y, Fang Jiawei J et al.

Wild Chinese Cordyceps polysaccharides (CPs) exert immunomodulatory effects that are closely associated with their structural characteristics. However, research on its structure-function relationship remains limited. This work aims to compare the immunological efficacy of CPs with different molecular weights (MW), together with characterizing their structures and exploring the potential mechanisms of the isolated components. Four CPs with varying MWs were extracted by a stepwise ethanol precipitation technique and subsequently purified through column chromatography. They were named CP-20-1a, CP-40-2a, CP-60-2, and CP-80-2 in descending order of MW. The immunomodulatory effects of these CPs were evaluated using a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression mouse model. Among them, CP-20-1a, possessing the largest MW, had the most potent immunomodulatory activity, primarily modulating CD4+ T cells. Structural analysis revealed that CP-20-1a is a branched α-D-glucan with a → 4)-α-D-Glc-(1→/→4,6)-α-D-Glc-(1 → backbone and O-6-linked α-D-Glc-(1 → or α-D-Glc-(1 → 3)-α-D-Glc-(1 → branches. In vitro investigations based on fluorescent labeling demonstrated that CP-20-1a predominantly accumulated on the cell membrane of CD4+ T cells. Transcriptomic analysis and Western blot results demonstrated that CP-20-1a reinstated T lymphocyte proliferation through the Frizzled/AKT/β-catenin pathway along with mTOR signaling, thereby fulfilling its immunomodulatory role. In conclusion, these findings elucidated the chemical foundation underlying the immunomodulatory activity of CPs and provide a foundation for developing targeted immune-regulatory agents in subsequent studies.

PMID 42498196
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PubMedPediatric investigation2026-07-25

Long-term outcomes of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with antithymocyte globulin-based myeloablative conditioning in pediatric refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Jia Chenguang C, Zheng Jie J, Yuan Meng M, He Hongbo H et al.

The prognosis of pediatric refractory/relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R NHL) remains poor, with limited evidence guiding optimal treatment. Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) is a promising strategy for this high-risk population. However, the optimal conditioning regimen and long-term outcomes of haplo-HSCT have not been fully elucidated. To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of antithymocyte globulin (ATG)-based myeloablative haplo-HSCT in pediatric patients with R/R NHL. Pediatric patients with R/R NHL who underwent ATG-based myeloablative haplo-HSCT at Beijing Children's Hospital between March 2015 and December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. A total of 29 pediatric R/R NHL patients were enrolled, including 21 with lymphoblastic lymphoma and 8 with mature T-cell and natural killer-cell lymphoma. The 5-year OS, PFS, cumulative incidence of relapse, and non-relapse mortality were 79.3%, 72.4%, 10.0%, and 17.0%, respectively. At a median follow-up of 5.5 years, the cumulative incidences of Grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and chronic GVHD were 13.8% (4/29) and 44.8% (13/29; predominantly mild), respectively. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) developed in 12 patients and was associated with significantly inferior prognosis (P = 0.001). ATG-based myeloablative haplo-HSCT is a safe and effective treatment for pediatric R/R NHL, offering a viable alternative for patients lacking matched donors or requiring urgent intervention. Early detection and timely treatment of TMA may reduce mortality and improve survival outcomes.

PMID 42499777
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