Drug Database
CE

cefalexin (Panixine DisperDose / Panixine DisperDose)

✓ Approved

Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is cefalexin?

cefalexin is a small molecule developed by Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesPanixine DisperDose, Panixine DisperDose
CompanyRanbaxy Laboratories Limited
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited

Therapeutic Indications

cefalexin is developed for 3 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsLower respiratory tract infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsUrinary tract infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsViral upper respiratory tract infection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedInternational journal of dental hygiene2026-07-25

The Effectiveness of Oral Exercise for Oral Function Rehabilitation in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Choi Yong-Keum YK, Park Hyang-Ah HA, Cha Eun-Gyeong EG, Yun Ji-Hye JH

Older adults are prone to oral function decline due to ageing, necessitating interventions for rehabilitation. Although oral exercises are widely recommended, systematic evidence supporting their effectiveness remains insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oral exercise interventions for rehabilitating oral functions in older adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive electronic search was performed in PubMed, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL up to August 2022. Randomised controlled trials comparing oral exercise interventions with control conditions were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias (ROB) 2.0 tool. A total of eight studies were included in the meta-analysis and pooled mean differences were estimated using a random-effects model. Among 1007 identified studies, 19 were included in the qualitative synthesis and 8 in the meta-analysis. Interventions targeted masticatory, swallowing, pronunciation and salivary functions. Tongue exercises significantly improved swallowing function (MD = 7.06; 95% CI: 4.72-9.41; p < 0.01) and masticatory exercises enhanced masticatory function (MD = 37.77; 95% CI: 15.61-59.92; p < 0.001). However, lip exercises showed no significant effect on swallowing function (MD = 1.43; 95% CI: -0.11-2.98; p = 0.07). Oral exercise interventions, particularly tongue and masticatory exercises, may improve oral function in older adults. These findings support the use of oral exercise as a practical intervention for dental hygienists and community-based oral health programmes.

PMID 42499008
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PubMedCommunity dental health2026-07-25

Oral health impacts and socioeconomic inequalities in disability and quality of life: A population-based study.

Manriquez-Robles Diego D, Aedo Melisa M, Roa-Castillo Scarlett S

To examine whether oral health impacts function as a pathway linking socioeconomic position to functional disability and multidimensional quality of life in a nationally representative Chilean sample, we conducted a cross-sectional population-based analysis using complex survey methods and mediation modelling. Data were obtained from a national population-based household survey in Chile and included 16,590 non-institutionalized individuals aged 15 years and older, representing approximately 16.2 million individuals in the Chilean population after application of survey weights. Main outcome measures were oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-7), self-reported functional disability, and WHOQOL-BREF physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. Pronounced socioeconomic gradients were observed in oral health impacts. Individuals in the highest education and income strata had significantly lower odds of high oral health impact (OR = 0.39 and 0.33, respectively, p < .001). High oral health impact was strongly associated with functional disability (OR = 3.85, p < .001) and with lower scores across all WHOQOL-BREF domains (physical B = -10.58, psychological B = -7.19, social B = -8.52, environmental B = -7.04, all p < .001). Inclusion of OHIP attenuated associations between socioeconomic indicators and disability. Monte Carlo simulations indicated statistically significant indirect effects of education and income on disability and quality-of-life domains through oral health impact. Oral health impacts are socially patterned and closely linked to functional disability and multidimensional quality of life. Findings are consistent with the interpretation that oral conditions may contribute to broader socioeconomic gradients in functioning and well-being, supporting the integration of oral health within primary care and health equity strategies.

PMID 42499132
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PubMedFrontiers in nutrition2026-07-25

Reframing glucolipid metabolic disorders through the lens of the oral microbiome: from pathophysiological mechanisms to translational potential.

Xiong Pingjie P, Wang Bin B, Liu Yufei Y, Wang Zhihui Z et al.

With the rising prevalence of metabolic diseases, their comorbidity is increasingly common. Glucolipid metabolic disorders (GLMD) constitute a major health challenge associated with increased cardiovascular risk and mortality. Despite many advances in disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies, the metabolic disease burden remains substantial. Routine clinical practice still lacks straightforward approaches for identifying individuals at elevated risk, and the challenge of effectively preventing and controlling GLMD has become an urgent clinical problem. Significant gaps remain in our understanding of metabolic disease. Advances in high-throughput sequencing and omics technologies have expanded the research perspective, shifting attention from organ-centered pathology toward microecological and metabolic networks, elucidating the interactions between the oral microbiota and host metabolism. As the second largest microbial community after the gut microbiota, the oral microbiome provides an integrative lens for examining GLMD-related microbial signatures, plausible mechanistic pathways, and translational opportunities, including inflammation, taste signaling, nitric oxide metabolism, and microbial translocation. This review aims to clarify the relationship between the oral microbiome and GLMD, outline characteristic microbial alterations in metabolic diseases, and summarize the plausible mechanisms linking oral microorganisms with metabolic homeostasis. Current evidence indicates partially recurrent microbial patterns across GLMD-related conditions, but no universal oral microbial signature has been established. Building on recent findings, we conclude by outlining the methodological requirements for evaluating the clinical utility of oral microbiome-based markers and interventions, and further discuss the value of oral microbiota in disease prediction, risk assessment, and individualized intervention. We also summarize the key limitations and challenges in the field and outline directions for future prevention and control of GLMD based on oral microecology.

PMID 42500251
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PubMedOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland)2026-07-25

In silico dysbiosis-associated neuroprotective metabolite insufficiency in Alzheimer's disease.

Shaer Nehad A NA, Al-Abbas Nouf S NS

Perturbation of oral and gut microbiomes has been implicated in alzheimer's disease (AD) along the oral-gut-brain axis; however, the extent of global community restructuring may differ between niches. The present work constitutes a computational interrogation of 16S rRNA profiles from eight-month-old APP/PS1 and wild-type mice, characterizing oral and gut community structure and predicted functional capacity through PICRUSt-driven, KEGG-anchored pathway inference. Comparative taxonomic interrogation disclosed patterns consistent with ectopic occurrence, whereby classically oral genera (Fusobacterium, Streptococcus) were preferentially enriched within intestinal assemblages and gut-typical genera (Muribaculum, Paramuribaculum) emerged as prominent constituents of the oral microbiota in APP/PS1 mice. These cross-niche enrichment patterns, together with significant oral community separation but non-significant gut beta-diversity separation by ANOSIM, were accompanied by predicted decrements in 85 orally enriched enzymes distributed across 25 KEGG pathways, approximately 40 % of which were associated with the biosynthesis of metabolites with reported neuroprotective properties, including glutathione, acetyl-CoA, succinate, malate, formate, lactate, acetate, and monoterpenoids. Systems-level synthesis of these predictions indicated convergent perturbation of antioxidant defenses, bioenergetic circuitry, and one-carbon metabolism, plausibly reflecting metabolic choke points that may favor cognitive deterioration. Although the oral microbiome showed significant inter-cohort separation, the gut microbiome did not, indicating that gut changes are best viewed as taxon-specific shifts within an otherwise stable community. These observations support a hypothesis-generating framework in which oral dysbiosis, selective gut alterations, and cross-niche enrichment patterns are linked to computationally inferred neuroprotective metabolite insufficiency, highlighting specific taxa, enzymes, and pathways as candidates for biomarker and microbiome-targeted therapeutic development in AD.

PMID 42499533
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PubMedInternational journal of dental hygiene2026-07-25

Territorial Inequity in Oral Health: Cross-Sectional Geospatial Study of the Distribution of Dental Services in Colombia.

Acuña-Gómez Johanna S JS, Carreño-Patiño Ludwing B LB, Ternera-Pulido Jairo H JH, Jiménez-Barbosa Wilson G WG

Oral health services are central to population well-being, and their territorial distribution is a proxy for equity in access. Although Colombia incorporated oral health into the national benefits package nearly three decades ago, it is unclear whether service location reflects population needs. Therefore, this work seeks to answer the following research question: What is the quantity and geospatial distribution of oral-health services in Colombia at the departmental level, disaggregated by dental specialties? The objective was to analyze the geospatial distribution of oral-health services in Colombia at the departmental level, disaggregated by dental specialties. We performed a descriptive cross-sectional geospatial study. All dental services registered in the National Registry of Health Providers (REPS) as of March 2024 were retrieved, duplicates removed and service-to-population rates calculated. Geographic information systems were used to visualize spatial patterns. A total of 40,666 unique services were identified. General dentistry, orthodontics and dental radiology accounted for 74.9% of the supply, with 50.3% provided by independent practitioners. Service rates were highest in Antioquia, Bogotá D.C., Quindío and Caldas, and lowest in Vaupés and Vichada. Several Amazonian and Orinoquía departments had zero services in periodontics or paediatric dentistry. Colombia exhibits marked territorial inequities in dental service distribution, driven by market dynamics rather than public-health priorities.

PMID 42499006
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PubMedJDR clinical and translational research2026-07-25

Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in Thailand: Regional Variations and Ecological Determinants.

Owasitth R R, Chaisuparat R R, Lawpoolsri S S, Soparat P P et al.

To quantify the provincial heterogeneity incidence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and explore geographic disparities and ecological determinants in Thailand through Bayesian disease mapping. An observational ecological study analyzed clinically diagnosed OPMDs from Thailand's national electronic health record database (2023 to 2024) except Bangkok. Spatial autocorrelation with spatial Bayesian hierarchical models were used to evaluate their associations with behavioral, socioeconomic, and oral-health determinants. A total of 5,956 OPMDs diagnoses were identified across 76 provinces. The median age at diagnosis was 62 y, with females comprising 68.2%. Lichen planus (45.9%) and leukoplakia (39.5%) were the predominant subtypes. The age-standardized incidence rate was 1.9 per 100,000 (female: 2.5; male: 1.3), peaking at ages 60 to 69 y. Spatial analyses revealed high-risk clusters in northern Thailand and identified smokeless tobacco use, dentist density, and Gini coefficient as significant ecological predictors of the incidence of OPMDs. This population-based analysis demonstrates spatial disparities in the incidence of OPMDs. Contextual social determinants of health including socioeconomic inequality, smokeless tobacco behaviors, and workforce availability contribute to variations in disease distribution at the population level. Strengthening the integration of big data analytics within oral health surveillance systems can enhance timely, evidence-informed decision-making and support the strategic refinement and resource optimization of Thailand's national oral cancer screening benefit package.Knowledge Transfer Statement:The results provide strategic insights for clinicians, public health professionals, and policymakers identifying high-risk geographic areas where preventive interventions and early detection efforts should be prioritized. By clarifying province-specific risk profiles, the study supports the development of targeted health promotion, prevention, and screening strategies aimed at reducing geographic inequalities and improving oral health outcomes.

PMID 42499149
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