Drug Database
FO

formoterol (Forair / Atimos / CHF 1531)

✓ Approved

Novartis AG · ADRB2 · Small Molecule

What is formoterol?

formoterol is a small molecule developed by Novartis AG. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled or topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesForair, Atimos, CHF 1531
CompanyNovartis AG
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetADRB2
RouteInhaled, Topical
StatusApproved

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

formoterol acts on 1 molecular target:

ADRB2adrenoceptor beta 2 (B2AR, ARB2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

formoterol is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersChronic obstructive pulmonary disease✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedThe Journal of craniofacial surgery2026-11-09

Novel Device and Methodology of Measuring Eyelid Skin in Oculoplastics.

Choi Kevin K, Varman Rahul R

Superotemporal visual field obstruction (VFO) often comes from a mix of dermatochalasis, brow ptosis, and blepharoptosis. Although the HFA is commonly used to assess this, it's not always available, and there's no straightforward physical examination tool that gives a quick, objective measurement of upper eyelid redundancy, especially in clinics outside ophthalmology. The authors designed a simple, caliper-like device to fill this gap. The device uses curved blades shaped to fit natural eyelid contour, with 1 mm markings that allow for consistent measurements across the upper lid. It can be used for static assessments or before and after a brow lift maneuver to document change. The authors tested the device on 2 patients with moderate to severe dermatochalasis. Measurements were quick, well-tolerated, and showed clear differences in skin redundancy. Because of the novelty of this device and method, it has been designated as the Choi Lid Index Gauge (CLIG). CLIG offers a low-cost, reproducible way to quantify upper eyelid skin excess. It could help surgeons objectively document surgical need, plan laterality, and track pre-op and post-op changes, especially in patients where the line between functional and aesthetic indication matters. With further validation, it may also support insurance documentation and reduce reliance on HFA in certain clinical settings.

PubMedZeitschrift fur medizinische Physik2026-11-09

Comparison of sound processors for intraoperative monitoring of floating mass transducer coupling efficacy using auditory brainstem responses.

Dziemba Oliver C OC, Oberhoffner Tobias T

The benefit of the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) active middle ear implant depends on the coupling quality between the floating mass transducer and the connection point in the middle ear. Intraoperative assessment via auditory brainstem responses has been proposed using either a programmed audio processor or a dedicated research tool (AcoustiAP). As the originally used processor (AP 404) is discontinued, this study compares the transmission characteristics of two successor devices (SAMBA 2 Hi, SAMBA 2 Lo) and the AcoustiAP against the AP 404. The four devices (MED-EL, Innsbruck) were coupled to a 2-cc coupler of an Aurical HIT test box. CE-Chirp stimuli were presented at 0, 30 and 65 dB nHL; a 0-100 dB nHL input-output function was also recorded for the AcoustiAP. The sound processors were programmed using DSLv5 for a threshold of 25 dB HL. High-frequency averages (HFA) were calculated according to DIN EN 60118-7. Intrinsic noise HFA were 12.0, 22.5, 25.7 and 26.0 dB SPL (SAMBA 2 Lo, AP 404, AcoustiAP, SAMBA 2 Hi). At 30 dB nHL, the sound processoes produced comparable outputs (46.5-47.0 dB SPL), whereas the AcoustiAP remained within its noise floor. The SAMBA 2 Hi showed the most linear behaviour; the SAMBA 2 Lo showed pronounced compression. The AcoustiAP signal was embedded in noise up to about 35 dB nHL and saturated at 70.1 dB SPL. The SAMBA 2 Hi is a suitable replacement for the AP 404. Due to the design of the SAMBA 2 Lo its output level and noise floor are lower compared to its Hi counter variant. That potentially offers options for testing individual programmed processors based on the degree of hearing loss. This idea should be investigated in further studies. The AcoustiAP currently does not allow reliable threshold-based assessment without correction.

PubMedCardiovascular drugs and therapy2026-11-09

SGLT2 Inhibitors in Anthracycline-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: Critical Evidence Appraisal and State-Specific Pharmacotherapeutic Positioning.

Wang Yubo Y, Du Shuzhen S, Wang Haixia H, Zhang Yixin Y et al.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve cardiorenal outcomes, but their role in anthracycline-related cardiac dysfunction (ARCD) beyond established indications is uncertain. We appraised mechanistic and clinical evidence across pre-exposure prophylaxis (State A); an isolated surveillance abnormality or mild asymptomatic cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD), both with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (State B); and symptomatic CTRCD/heart failure irrespective of ejection fraction or asymptomatic moderate/severe CTRCD (State C). This critical narrative review used structured searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Europe PMC, Web of Science Core Collection, and ClinicalTrials.gov, supplemented by an Embase search during revision. Peer-reviewed literature through 15 August 2026 and registry status through 22 August 2026 were assessed by clinical state, evidentiary directness, endpoint relevance, and validity threats. Human evidence was predominantly retrospective, and SGLT2i use usually reflected conventional indications. Small prospective nonrandomized studies focused on imaging or biomarkers. Favorable associations remain vulnerable to residual confounding, treatment selection, competing cancer mortality, exposure-timing bias, and source-cohort overlap. No peer-reviewed randomized between-group efficacy report was available by the literature cutoff. Experimental studies support biological plausibility but not direct myocardial target engagement, a uniform class effect, preserved anticancer activity, or clinical benefit. State C warrants phenotype-appropriate guideline-based care, including SGLT2i when indicated; an incremental ARCD-specific benefit remains unproven. Without another indication, initiation in States A and B remains investigational. HFA-ICOS may guide surveillance and trial enrichment but is not a prescribing trigger.

PubMedEuropean heart journal. Digital health2026-11-08

Artificial intelligence in cardiology for non-experts: decoding key terms and understanding machine learning methodologies. A Scientific Statement of the ESC Working Group on e-Cardiology, the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC), the Heart Failure Association (HFA), the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) of the ESC, the ESC Regulatory Affairs Committee, and the ESC Digital Cardiology and Artificial Intelligence Committee.

De Lucia Raffaele R, Cluitmans Matthijs M, Ramírez Julia J, Kolossváry Márton M et al.

Evidence-based medicine represents the systematic approach through which physicians today use the best available scientific evidence from clinical research to guide their clinical decision-making process. However, the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), with its diverse models and potential applications in medicine, is leading to a new form of research driven by 'big data' and heterogeneous datasets, extending beyond conventional statistical analysis and thereby making AI literacy an increasingly essential competence for clinicians. Artificial intelligence applications in cardiology have shown potential to support disease diagnosis, risk prediction, workflow efficiency, and therapeutic decision-making. However, despite these opportunities, AI may also represent a technological barrier for many physicians, due to its mathematical foundations and the speed at which models evolve. A solid understanding of AI concepts is therefore necessary for cardiologists to critically interpret results and engage with this new research landscape. This scientific statement explores AI in cardiology from an educational perspective, outlining the key knowledge required to build adequate AI literacy. The goal is to enable cardiologists not only to avoid reliance on external experts for methodological decisions, but also to collaborate with greater insight and informed judgment.

PubMedCardiovascular diagnosis and therapy2026-11-06

HFA-PEFF-defined HFpEF after STEMI: diagnostic classification or prognostic phenotype?

Imamura Teruhiko T

PubMedCardiovascular diagnosis and therapy2026-11-06

HFA-PEFF score after STEMI: addressing concerns on classification, domain contributions, and incremental prognostic value.

Cho Yun-Ho YH, Jang Jeong Yoon JY, Bae Jae Seok JS, Ahn Jong-Hwa JH

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