Drug Database
PN

pneumococcal vaccine (Prevenar 13 / 13vPnC / PCV 13)

✓ Approved

Takeda · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is pneumococcal vaccine?

pneumococcal vaccine is a vaccine developed by Takeda. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesPrevenar 13, 13vPnC, PCV 13
CompanyTakeda
Drug ClassVaccine
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection, Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Takeda

Therapeutic Indications

pneumococcal vaccine is developed for 3 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsOtitis media✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsPneumococcal infection✓ Approved
Ear and labyrinth disordersMiddle ear inflammation✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedPneumonia (Nathan Qld.)2026-07-25

Pneumococcal pneumonia in adults - re-emergence of vaccine serotypes: a prospective multicenter cohort study in Germany, 2020-2023.

Bahrs Christina C, Rose Norman N, Barten-Neiner Grit G, Fleischmann-Struzek Carolin C et al.

The main burden of non-invasive pneumococcal diseases in adults is largely due to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study aimed to investigate the distribution and dynamics of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes and to determine the proportion of CAP cases attributable to serotypes covered by 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13), the 20-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV20), and the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) among adults in Germany from 2020 to 2023. In this prospective multicenter cohort study, we analyzed all adult patients with CAP enrolled between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2023, at 26 centers in Germany who provided urine samples for serotype-specific urine antigen detection (SSUAD) testing. Annual trends of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes from 2020 to 2023 were calculated for all patients and patient groups at risk using cluster-robust generalized linear models with heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors. Of the 2,028 patients with all-cause CAP, 1,504 (1,008 patients aged ≥ 60 years, 373 younger patients with at least one comorbidity) had urine samples analyzed with SSUAD tests. Overall proportion of vaccine-type pneumococcal pneumonia among all-cause CAP for PCV13, PCV20, and PPV23 serotypes was 5.41% (95% CI 4.12-7.06%), 8.11% (95% CI 6.35-10.31%), and 8.31% (95% CI 6.27-10.93%), and serotype 3 was the most prevalent serotype (52 cases). Among patients aged ≥ 60 years, an increasing annual trend was observed for serotype 3 (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.01-2.67), PCV13 (OR 1.89, 95% CI 0.89-2.89), PCV20 (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.99-2.14), and PPV23 serotypes (OR 1.47, 1.04-1.91). The findings demonstrate that vaccine serotypes, particularly serotype 3, continued to circulate and reemerged among older adults with CAP in Germany.

PMID 42498972
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PubMedJournal of environmental sciences (China)2026-07-25

Regulatory effects of nano-zero-valent iron on microalgae: Biological properties and auto-flocculation process.

Qin Lin L, Yin Zhihong Z, Sun Ziying Z, Zhu Liandong L et al.

Microalgae biotechnology presents a promising and sustainable strategy for resource recovery from wastewater. However, its application is often constrained by poor biological activity, inefficient nutrient removal, and inadequate auto-flocculation properties. This study investigated the effects of nano-zero-valent iron on microalgae. A systematic investigation was conducted into the time and concentration-dependent effects of adding nano-zero-valent iron at different growth phases. The findings demonstrated a dual role of low-dose nano-zero-valent iron (0.05-0.10 mg/L) for microalgae growth. While transient growth inhibition was observed initially, nano-zero-valent iron subsequently acted as a potent signaling stimulus, significantly enhancing lipid accumulation by 46.95 % and carbohydrate production to 22.97 mg/L, respectively. During the exponential growth phase, the addition of 0.10 mg/L nano-zero-valent iron significantly enhanced wastewater treatment efficiency, achieving removal rates of 70.69 % for chemical oxygen demand and 95 % for phosphate. Moreover, nano-zero-valent iron enhanced auto-flocculation efficiency to 93.84 % by promoting exopolysaccharide secretion and effective charge neutralization, while simultaneously reducing the release of inhibitory proteins. This study provided novel insights into the effects of iron on microalgae and proposes a strategic approach for optimizing microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems through precisely timed, low-concentration nano-zero-valent iron supplementation.

PMID 42498411
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PubMedFrontiers in public health2026-07-25

Respiratory symptoms, vaccination coverage, and antibiotic use among Hajj pilgrims: a multi-season cross sectional study (2023-2025).

Qashqari Fadi S I FSI

Respiratory tract infections are the most frequently reported illnesses during Hajj, one of the world's largest recurring mass gatherings. The convergence of millions of pilgrims from diverse geographic regions in Makkah, Saudi Arabia creates conditions conducive to the transmission of respiratory pathogens. Understanding patterns of infection, vaccination coverage, and antibiotic use across multiple seasons is essential to inform preventive strategies. A multi-season cross-sectional study was conducted during three consecutive Hajj seasons (2023-2025). Adult pilgrims were recruited and interviewed using a standardized structured questionnaire. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, vaccination history (meningococcal, influenza, COVID-19, pneumococcal), comorbidities, smoking behavior, respiratory symptoms, healthcare-seeking behavior, and antibiotic use. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with respiratory symptoms and antibiotic consumption. A total of 712 human participants (adult Hajj pilgrims) were enrolled. Overall, 38.9% reported at least one respiratory symptom at the time of assessment, with cough (28.1%), sore throat (23.5%), and runny nose (21.9%) being most common. Chronic lung disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.36; 95% CI 1.42-3.92), presence of ≥1 chronic condition (aOR 1.58; 95% CI 1.12-2.24), and current smoking (aOR 1.74; 95% CI 1.15-2.63) were independently associated with respiratory symptoms. Influenza vaccination was associated with reduced odds of multi-symptom respiratory illness (aOR 0.72; 95% CI 0.53-0.98). Among symptomatic participants, 29.6% reported antibiotic use, frequently in the absence of febrile illness. Vaccination coverage was high for meningococcal vaccine (96.1%), while pneumococcal vaccination coverage remained lower. Respiratory symptoms remain a substantial health burden among Hajj pilgrims across consecutive seasons. Chronic lung disease and smoking increase susceptibility, while influenza vaccination appears protective. The frequent use of antibiotics highlights the need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship. Enhanced vaccination uptake, targeted risk communication, and integrated prevention strategies are critical to mitigating respiratory infection risks during mass gatherings and safeguarding global public health.

PMID 42500006
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PubMedBioresource technology2026-07-25

Performance recovery and antibiotic resistance gene risk mitigation in wastewater anaerobic digestion under long-term Ciprofloxacin stress via zero-valent iron-biochar.

Zeng Mingxiao M, Yao Bing B, Chen Ying Y, Liu Chao C et al.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) imposes persistent stress on upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, leading to suppressed methanogenic activity and heightened antibiotic resistance risks. Although zero-valent iron-biochar has been reported to effectively alleviate CIP stress, its effectiveness in restoring performance and maintaining stable operation under long-term CIP exposure remains poorly understood. In this study, the recovery effects of straw biochar (SBC), nanoscale ZVI-SBC (nZVI-SBC), and microscale ZVI-SBC were systematically evaluated in UASB reactors subjected to long-term CIP stress. The results demonstrate that only nZVI-SBC effectively restored system performance, increasing CH4 production by 38.7%. Mechanistically, nZVI-SBC promoted the enrichment of electroactive bacteria and key methanogenesis-related functional genes. Concurrently, nZVI-SBC achieved efficient CIP removal (89.7%) and reduced the predicted toxicity of transformation intermediates. Furthermore, nZVI-SBC suppressed fluoroquinolone antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and high-risk subtypes by inhibiting horizontal gene transfer-related pathways. Overall, these findings establish nZVI-SBC as an effective strategy for recovering UASB performance while simultaneously mitigating ARGs dissemination under long-term CIP stress.

PMID 42498020
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PubMedJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2026-07-25

Durable responses to triplet immunotherapy targeting TGF-β, PD-L1, and tumor antigen, with an IL-15 receptor superagonist in mismatch repair proficient castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Redman Jason Mark JM, Madan Ravi A RA, Donahue Renee N RN, Toney Nicole J NJ et al.

Immune checkpoint blockade is minimally active in unselected castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and does not reproducibly yield durable decreases in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The Quick Efficacy Seeking Trial was designed to employ a combination of agents to initiate an immune response (with BN-Brachyury vaccine), potentiate that response (with nogapendekin-alfa inbakicept (NAI), an interleukin (IL)-15 receptor superagonist), and reduce or eliminate immunosuppressive entities in the tumor microenvironment (with bintrafusp alfa, a dual inhibitor of programmed death-ligand 1 and transforming growth factor beta). Epacadostat (an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor) was also employed in one cohort to reduce immune suppression induced by IDO's conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine. Patients with CRPC enrolled sequentially to receive vaccine + bintrafusp alfa (Arm 2.1), vaccine + bintrafusp alfa + NAI (Arm 2.2), and vaccine + bintrafusp alfa + NAI + epacadostat (Arm 2.3), with the primary objective to determine response rate. Adverse events in Arms 2.1 and 2.2 were manageable and consistent with the safety profiles of each agent individually, and notable for five individuals developing isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency. Arm 2.3 was closed early due to skin toxicity. Sustained declines in PSA were seen in 1/13 (8%) patients in Arm 2.1, 7/24 (29%) patients in Arm 2.2, including six with proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stable tumors, and 0/6 (0%) patients in Arm 2.3. Analyses of peripheral immune profiles provided evidence of a multifaceted antitumor immune response, including IL-15 receptor superagonist NAI-dependent expansion and activation of natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells, increased effector-to-suppressor immune cell ratios, and induction of cytotoxic immune gene programs. NCT03493945.

PMID 42498485
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PubMedJournal of environmental sciences (China)2026-07-25

Transformation and fate of trace elements during germanium-containing lignite combustion.

You Jinxiang J, Li Ao A, Lu Hang H, Zhang Baoxu B et al.

Studying the migration and transformation behaviors of trace elements during lignite combustion holds significant applied value and strategic importance for guiding the recovery of valuable metals from coal, controlling the emission of toxic pollutants, and supporting the development of clean and efficient utilization for lignite. This study investigates the occurrence characteristics and migration of trace elements (Ge, As, Sb, Pb, Zn and W) during lignite combustion under varying roasting temperatures and oxygen concentrations. Thermodynamic analysis shows that high-valent oxides of trace elements can be readily reduced to low-valent oxides or elemental species by CO or H2. Experiment results indicate that the volatilization efficiencies of trace elements increase with the increasing combustion temperature, while it decreases with the increasing O2 concentrations. Under 21 % O2 concentration, the volatilization efficiencies of Sb and Zn consistently remained above 90 % across combustion temperatures. While the volatilization efficiencies of Ge, As, Pb and W markedly increased from 5.14 %, 3.50 %, 12.36 % and 7.57 % at 773 K to 97.83 %, 97.56 %, 91.93 % and 24.48 % at 1473 K, respectively. Fixed the combustion temperature at 1373 K, the volatilization efficiencies of Ge and Pb moderately decreased from 97.37 % and 93.70 % to 88.52 % and 83.94 %, respectively, with the O2 concentration increasing from 0 to 21 vol.%. Conversely, the volatilization efficiency of As significantly decreased from 95.31 % to 68.76 %. This finding provides theoretical basis and technical support for the clean and efficient utilization of germanium-containing lignite.

PMID 42498371
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