Drug Database
PN

pneumococcal vaccine (Prevenar 13 / 13vPnC / PCV 13)

✓ Approved

Takeda · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is pneumococcal vaccine?

pneumococcal vaccine is a vaccine developed by Takeda. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesPrevenar 13, 13vPnC, PCV 13
CompanyTakeda
Drug ClassVaccine
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection, Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Takeda

Therapeutic Indications

pneumococcal vaccine is developed for 3 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsOtitis media✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsPneumococcal infection✓ Approved
Ear and labyrinth disordersMiddle ear inflammation✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedAdvances in virology2026-09-20

Comparative Sequence Analysis of the Envelope Gene of Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus Vaccine Strain With Currently Circulating Field Strains.

Kaje Keerthi K, Marinaik Chandranaik B CB, Gomes Amitha Reena AR, Rizwan Apsana A et al.

The present study was undertaken with the objective of performing comparative sequence analysis of the envelope (E) gene of Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) vaccine strain P9605 with the circulating field strains. The study was taken up as the currently used KFDV vaccine strain, KFDV P9605, was isolated in the 1960s. For this study, we designed two sets of primers targeting the complete amplification of the E gene of KFDV. The sequencing was performed by the Sanger method, and the deduced sequence of the vaccine virus was deposited in GenBank with accession number PX067005. This sequence obtained for the vaccine virus was aligned and compared with sequences of GenBank-deposited circulating field strains. We also performed comparative sequence analysis of the Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) vaccine seed virus having passaged twice in mouse brain with the vaccine seed virus passaged six times in mouse brain to investigate whether multiple passages in mouse brain will lead to genetic mutation in the immunologically important E gene. The phylogenetic analysis revealed seven amino acid mutations in the field strains at positions A123T, S158N, D178E, D239N, A313S, M429I, and G479A when compared with the vaccine strain. We did not find any mutations at the critical fusogenic segment (residues 98-113) in the E gene of currently circulating field strains compared to the vaccine seed virus. The study found no genetic variations in the E gene of the KFD virus passed two times and passed six times in mouse brain. We performed SWISS-MODEL homology modeling, AlphaFold protein analysis, and Ramachandran plot analysis to study the E protein structures and stability. The observations made in this study suggest slow evolutionary drift and conserved structural stability of the envelope gene of KFDV ever since its emergence 7 decades ago; however, the functional implications of these amino acid substitutions need further studies on their roles in viral infectivity, transmission, and impact on immunity.

PMID 42763584
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PubMedPsychopharmacology bulletin2026-09-20

Rechallenge after Clozapine-Induced Neutropenic Events: A Case Series.

Gupta Sumeet S, Ismail Mohamed M, Zabin Aysha A, Agrawala Avni A

Clozapine is highly effective for resistant schizophrenia but limited by neutropenia concerns. In this 30-year series, 27 patients discontinued clozapine and 13 were rechallenged; 61.5% were successfully maintained. No fatalities occurred, and index-episode severity did not predict outcomes. Rechallenge appears safe when guided by individualised risk-benefit assessment.

PMID 42763640
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PubMedInternational medical case reports journal2026-09-20

Nonoperative Management of a T1 Spinous Process Apophyseal Stress Fracture in an Adolescent Baseball Pitcher: A Case Report.

Fukuda Yuya Y, Kato Kinshi K, Otoshi Kenichi K, Kaga Takahiro T et al.

Overuse-related stress injuries of the thoracic spine are uncommon among adolescent athletes, and apophyseal stress fractures in this region are particularly rare. We report a rare case of an apophyseal stress fracture of the first thoracic (T1) spinous process in a 13-year-old elite baseball pitcher. The patient presented with focal upper thoracic pain without any history of trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an open apophyseal physis with cortical irregularity and bone marrow edema at the T1 spinous process, consistent with an apophyseal stress fracture. The patient was managed nonoperatively with upper body rest, followed by a gradual return-to-throwing program. His symptoms resolved, allowing a return to competitive pitching approximately 12 weeks after symptom onset. However, at the 7-month follow-up, CT showed persistent apophyseal fragmentation without osseous union, despite the patient being clinically asymptomatic. This case highlights the value of MRI for early detection of thoracic apophyseal stress fractures in adolescent athletes. Importantly, it demonstrates that clinical recovery and return-to-sport can occur even in the absence of radiologic union.

PMID 42763673
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PubMedOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland)2026-09-20

Earthquake preparedness and earthquake-related anxiety among emergency department patients: a cross-sectional study.

Demirci Burak B, Akın Burak B, Ferhatlar Enes E, Gündoğan Selman S et al.

To describe earthquake-preparedness behaviors and earthquake-related anxiety responses in emergency department patients and examine associated factors and the relationship between the two composites. This cross-sectional study included 3,964 adults presenting to an emergency department in an earthquake-prone region between July and December 2025. A structured questionnaire assessed sociodemographic and housing characteristics, 15 binary preparedness behaviors, and five earthquake-related anxiety items. Preparedness was summarized as a behavioral composite (0-15) and anxiety as an exploratory composite (5-25). Nonparametric tests, effect sizes, false discovery rate adjustment, exploratory internal-structure analyses, and multivariable regression were used. Median preparedness was 9 (IQR, 7-12) and median anxiety was 13 (IQR, 7-18). Knowledge-based behaviors were common, whereas practical measures were less frequent. Most group differences had small effect sizes. Preparedness showed a multidimensional structure, whereas anxiety showed a single-dimension exploratory structure. The inverse correlation was very weak (Spearman's ρ=-0.107; 95 % CI, -0.140 to -0.070). After adjustment, higher anxiety was associated with lower preparedness (B=-0.074; 95 % CI, -0.090 to -0.059), and higher preparedness with lower anxiety (B=-0.241; 95 % CI, -0.289 to -0.193). Practical preparedness remained incomplete. Preparedness and anxiety were weakly associated; findings are exploratory and should not be interpreted causally or diagnostically.

PMID 42763628
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PubMedCurrent health sciences journal2026-09-20

Evaluating the Role of Exosome Therapy in Reproductive Aging:A Narrative Review of Recent Advancements.

Moghaddam Elham Sadat Alavi ESA, Talebi Hooman Mohammad HM

Exosome therapy shows promise as a non-hormonal treatment to restore ovarian function and combat reproductive aging. This review aims to explore recent advances, mechanisms, and clinical potential of exosome therapy in reproductive aging. This narrative review explored advancements in exosome therapy for reproductive aging through a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and ClinicalKey, covering studies from 2015 to 2025. Using a structured search strategy with relevant MeSH terms and keywords. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria focused on human studies with therapeutic relevance, 13 articles were selected. Key data were extracted and synthesized to highlight mechanisms, clinical potential, and future directions of exosome-based interventions in ovarian aging. Thirteen human-focused studies were categorized into four themes: ovarian function restoration, exosomal biomarkers, therapeutic roles in reproductive diseases, and clinical applications. Exosomes especially MSC-derived enhanced ovarian regeneration through anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic pathways. Age-related changes in exosomal cargo showed strong diagnostic potential. Exosomes also demonstrated therapeutic effects in POI and PCOS and showed promise as low-immunogenic, cell-free nanocarriers for targeted reproductive-aging interventions. Exosome therapy is a promising, non-hormonal option for addressing reproductive aging, with potential for safe and effective clinical use.

PMID 42763769
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PubMedAsian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology2026-09-20

Type 2-interferon imbalance in allergic barrier disease: An asthma-centered, cross-disease perspective.

Rao Shenghong S, Li Shumei S, Shen Haoyue H, Jin Tengchuan T

Allergic diseases are typically regarded as type 2 inflammatory disorders driven by interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-13, which mediate immunoglobulin E class switching, eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, pruritus, tissue remodeling, and epithelial barrier dysfunction. However, type 2 cytokine activity alone does not fully account for variations in exacerbation risk, susceptibility to infections, comorbidities, or responses to biologic therapy. This narrative review proposes an asthma-centered type 2-interferon imbalance framework and discusses its cautious, disease-specific extension to atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, eosinophilic esophagitis, and food allergy. The model emphasizes that, particularly in asthma, allergic barrier inflammation arises and persists in injured tissues where excessive type 2 inflammation may coexist with impaired interferon-mediated host defense. Evidence is strongest in asthma, where deficiencies in type I and type III interferon responses are linked to rhinovirus susceptibility, delayed viral clearance, and recurrent exacerbations. In other allergic diseases, interferon dysfunction appears more variable, reflecting differences in tissue context, disease stage, and environmental exposure. In asthma, and potentially in selected allergic barrier diseases, persistent inflammation may result from a cycle of epithelial injury, alarmin release, cytokine amplification, impaired antiviral defense, ongoing exposure, and incomplete tissue repair. These mechanisms provide a rationale for tiered intervention, including blockade of upstream epithelial alarmins, inhibition of downstream type 2 effector pathways, and selected investigational approaches aimed at restoring mucosal host defense.

PMID 42763805
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