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metoclopramide (Gimoti / EVK 001 / EVK001)

✓ Approved

Evoke Pharma, Inc. · DRD2 · Small Molecule

What is metoclopramide?

metoclopramide is a small molecule developed by Evoke Pharma, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled or intranasal or oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesGimoti, EVK 001, EVK001
CompanyEvoke Pharma, Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetDRD2, HTR4, PTGS1, PTGS2
RouteInhaled, Intranasal, Oral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Evoke Pharma, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

metoclopramide acts on 4 molecular targets:

DRD2dopamine receptor D2 (D2R, D2DR)
HTR45-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (5-HT4R, 5-HT4)
PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (PHS1, PGHS-1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX2, COX-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

metoclopramide is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Gastrointestinal disordersGastric atony✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedClinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery2026-07-25

Nasal Obstruction Is Reduced 5-7 Years After Radiofrequency Turbinate Reduction: Results From a Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

Ahlund Veronica V, Comstedt Pål Rosholm PR, Värendh Maria M, Sahlstrand-Johnson Pernilla P

Nasal obstruction, often caused by structural and inflammatory conditions, is prevalent and significantly impacts health-related quality of life. Radiofrequency Turbinate Reduction (RFTR) is a widely employed treatment for inferior turbinate hypertrophy, yet evidence of its long-term effectiveness remains limited. This study aimed to assess the patient-perceived long-term outcomes of RFTR in patients with nasal obstruction, focusing on quality of life as measured by the Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) and to identify baseline factors predicting surgical outcome. A cohort of 198 patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent RFTR for nasal obstruction filled out the SNOT-22 questionnaire and additional questions preoperatively and 5-7 years postoperatively. Predictors of persistent nasal obstruction after RFTR were identified using logistic regression analysis. SNOT-22 scores significantly decreased from score mean 43.14 (0-104, min-max) to 34.66 (0-101) at the 5- to 7-year follow-up (p < 0.001), with notable improvements in the rhinologic and sleep function domains. However, baseline symptoms of 'thick nasal discharge' and 'poor sleep quality' were associated with a higher relative risk and higher odds ratio of continued nasal obstruction after adjustment for confounders. These baseline symptoms remained significant predictors of persistent nasal obstruction postoperatively. Radiofrequency Turbinate Reduction reduced nasal obstruction and also showed long-term efficacy in improving health-related quality of life after long-term outcome, with most patients reporting positive outcomes. Patients with severe baseline symptoms of thick nasal discharge and poor sleep quality may experience less favourable outcomes, possibly due to comorbidities. These findings highlight the potential of SNOT-22 to identify patients at risk of persistent symptoms post-RFTR.

PMID 42498686
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PubMedPediatric research2026-07-25

Meta-analysis of nasal interfaces versus face mask during respiratory support at birth in less than 37 weeks' gestation infants.

Idung Emediong E EE, O'Reilly Megan M, Morin Chelsea M D CMD, Schmölzer Georg M GM

Approximately 10% of neonates require respiratory support at birth. Face mask is most commonly used during positive pressure ventilation, but the nasal interface may offer a more effective alternative. We conducted an updated meta-analysis to compare the effect of using a nasal interface versus face mask on mortality in preterm infants (<37 weeks' gestation) requiring respiratory support at birth. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to November 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing nasal interface and face mask during delivery room (DR) stabilization of infants <37 weeks' gestation. The primary outcome measure was neonatal death (<28 days) before hospital discharge. Seven RCTs including 1270 infants were analyzed. There was no significant difference in neonatal death between nasal interface and face mask (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.57-1.23; P = 0.37, I² = 0%). However, nasal interface significantly reduced DR intubations compared with face mask (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51-0.90; P = 0.007, I² = 32%). In preterm infants <37 weeks' gestation, the choice of interface did not affect neonatal mortality, but the use of a nasal interface was associated with fewer DR intubations. Nasal interfaces significantly reduce delivery room intubation in preterm infants without increasing mortality or major neonatal morbidities compared with face mask ventilation. Using a nasal interface compared during respiratory support at birth may be associated with a potentially clinically meaningful reduction in delivery room intubation, with a preserved safety profile. Adoption of nasal interfaces during delivery room stabilization may decrease early delivery room intubation. Reducing early intubation may support smoother cardiopulmonary transition and minimize procedure-related instability in vulnerable preterm infants. These findings provide evidence to inform practice recommendations and justify larger implementation studies evaluating long-term respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

PMID 42498826
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PubMedWorld journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery2026-07-25

Distinct Nasal Microbiome Profiles and Prediction Model for Allergic Rhinitis, Nonallergic Rhinitis, and Healthy Children.

Kanchanapoomi Kantima K, Thaipisuttikul Iyarit I, Nitayanon Perapon P, Srisuwatchari Witchaya W et al.

Adult studies reported differences in nasal microbiota composition among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), nonallergic rhinitis (NAR), and healthy controls (HCs), whereas pediatric data remain limited. This study compared the nasal microbiomes of children with AR, NAR, and HC, investigated factors influencing these microbiomes, and developed a predictive model to differentiate these conditions based on microbiome data. Nasal swab samples were collected from children with AR, NAR, and HC. Microbial characterization was performed using 16S rDNA sequencing to analyze bacterial composition. Relevant demographic data and influencing factors were collected. Sixty participants (median age 6.3 [4.3-8.4] years, 51.6% males) were categorized into AR (n = 24), NAR (n = 14), and HC (n = 22). Significant differences in alpha and beta diversity were observed among groups (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The AR and NAR groups exhibited lower Pielou's evenness than HC (FDR-adjusted p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Compared to HC, the AR group showed a higher abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Negativicoccus, and Campylobacter. In contrast, Dolosigranulum was enriched while the Enterobacteriaceae family was depleted in the NAR group. Household pets and breastfeeding duration significantly influenced nasal microbiome diversity regardless of the disease groups. A prediction model of nasal microbial distribution for AR, NAR, and HC identified 14 taxa critical for distinguishing these groups (accuracy of 0.83). This pilot study identified preliminary differences in nasal microbiome diversity and composition among children with AR, NAR, and HC. Differential microbial abundances may reflect distinct rhinitis phenotypes. However, these findings are hypothesis-generating and require validation in larger, independent cohorts.

PMID 42500106
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PubMedPediatric investigation2026-07-25

Applications and prospects of artificial intelligence and digital medicine in pediatric nasal skull base tumors.

Wu Xiuping X, Wei Jing J, Liu Chen C, Wang Pengpeng P et al.

Pediatric nasal skull base tumors are rare and difficult to diagnose early due to their deep anatomical location and children's limited ability to describe symptoms. When the tumors progress to advanced stages, nonspecific symptoms such as nasal congestion, nosebleeds, and facial swelling are easily confused with sinusitis or trauma, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, the special tumor anatomical location and the narrow nasal cavity in children increase the risk of tumor involvement with the surrounding structures. Given children's longer life expectancy and higher postoperative quality of life demands, personalized treatment and comprehensive medical management are essential. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and digital medicine have played an important role in early diagnosis, multidisciplinary treatment, prognosis assessment, and follow-up. However, despite the widespread use of emerging AI-related technologies, their application in pediatric nasal skull base tumors remains limited. This review discusses the potential applications of AI and digital medicine in the whole-process medical management of these tumors, including diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and follow-up, along with current challenges.

PMID 42499774
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PubMedPlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2026-07-25

Lip-lift Flap for Columellar-Nasal Base Reconstruction after Mohs Surgery.

Lomeli Escamilla Bernardo A BA, Arnon Ofer O, Berger Ori O, Talisman Ron R

Reconstruction of columellar and nasal base defects remains challenging because of the region's aesthetic and functional importance. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ in this area often necessitates Mohs micrographic surgery, which can result in composite tissue loss that is difficult to restore with conventional techniques. We report the case of an 89-year-old woman presenting with a 1-cm lesion at the left nasal base and columella. The tumor was excised in a single Mohs stage with histologically clear margins. Reconstruction was achieved using a lip-lift-style advancement flap designed along the subnasal border. The flap provided excellent color and texture match, preserved nasal airway function, and obviated the need for cartilage grafting. At 1-month follow-up, healing was uneventful, with a concealed donor-site scar and only a mild columellar deviation that caused no functional or aesthetic concern. The patient expressed high satisfaction with the outcome. This case highlights the versatility of the lip lift, typically an aesthetic procedure, as a reliable option for oncological reconstruction of nasal base and columellar defects.

PMID 42499800
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PubMedWorld journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery2026-07-25

Variations in the Severity of Rhinitis Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ripp Asher T AT, Patel Pranav A PA, Nguyen Shaun A SA, Schafer Isabella V IV et al.

Key rhinitis symptoms include nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching. Different subtypes of rhinitis can have varying presentations, making it difficult to diagnose and categorize. The objective of this review is to characterize the baseline presentation of rhinitis and highlight differences in the presentation of various subtypes. PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Scopus (Elsevier), and CINAHL (EBSCO). A literature search was conducted from database inception to August 2024 for articles reporting baseline symptoms for adult patients with rhinitis. Specific questionnaires of interest were the Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) equivalents of the four TNSS items. Rhinitis types included allergic (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR); allergic rhinitis was further subcategorized by intermittent (IAR) and persistent (PER) symptomatology. Primary outcome measures included proportions (%) and mean difference/proportion difference (Δ) with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 89 studies (N = 14,448 patients) were included for meta-analysis. Nasal congestion was the most severe symptom (2.03 [95% CI 1.91-2.15]) across all patients. Rhinorrhea was the symptom reported as moderate/severe (score of 2-3) at the highest frequency (93.2%). AR patients had higher total TNSS scores (7.31 vs. 5.22 [95% CI 1.84-1.91]), rhinorrhea and sneezing scores (p < 0.0001) than NAR patients. NAR patients, however, had more severe nasal congestion (2.04 vs. 1.99 [95% CI 0.04-0.05]). PER patients recorded higher total TNSS scores than IAR patients (7.20 vs. 6.85 [95% CI 0.25-0.45]), but IAR patients reported more severe individual symptoms scores for congestion, rhinorrhea, and nasal itching (all p < 0.0001). Nasal congestion is the most severe symptom at baseline presentation for all subtypes of rhinitis. Allergic status and symptom duration influence both overall disease severity and individual symptom scores.

PMID 42500067
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