sodium ferrous citrate (SCF, Eisai / Ferromia / Nemiffero)

Occurrence of microplastics in farmland around non-ferrous metals sulfide mining areas: Characteristics changes caused by sulfide minerals.

Jin Qi Q, Li Xinru X, Bai Lin L, Liu Yisheng Y et al.

Soil microplastics (MPs) pollution poses significant risks to environmental and human health, particularly in agricultural systems. However, limited data exist on MPs in farmland soils near mining regions, especially those associated with non-ferrous metal sulfide deposits. This study investigated the characteristics of MPs in agricultural soils surrounding sulfide mining areas. MPs were extracted by density separation, identified using µFTIR, and statistically analyzed. Results revealed an average MP abundance of 19,610 n/kg, with dominant MPs (> 80 %) falling within the 0-100 μm size range. The most prevalent MP features included polystyrene, fragments, and transparent. Spatial analysis indicated a significant inverse correlation (P < 0.001) between MP abundance and the sample site distance to the mining area. We found that sulfide minerals decreased soil pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and that MPs abundance was positively correlated with ORP and negatively correlated with the concentrations of Fe, Cu, As. Agricultural activities, plastic waste disposal, and industrial activities jointly contributed to MP pollution. These findings highlight the need for integrated environmental management strategies to address co-occurring MPs and heavy metal pollution in mining-affected farmlands. Comprehensive monitoring of these pollutants is essential for developing targeted mitigation measures.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms Associated With Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation Protocols: A Systematic Review.

Winter Ian P IP, Sarac Paul P, Wilson Patrick B PB

Sodium bicarbonate positively impacts performance, but its associated gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) may limit use. This systematic review synthesized literature that has evaluated GIS with sodium bicarbonate supplementation. Literature searches were performed from February 2024-March 2026. Eligible studies provided ≥ 5 g of sodium bicarbonate within a 24-h period or, if a multi-day protocol, at least one day involving ≥ 5 g. Included studies had a placebo group/condition or a comparison group/condition that created a contrast related to delivery method, form, or dose. In total, 101 investigations were summarized in six categories: acute single dosing (n = 35); acute spread dosing (n = 28); chronic dosing (n = 7); acute versus chronic dosing (n = 5); delivery form (n = 18); and other (n = 8). Existing literature suggests that common acute doses (0.2-0.4 g/kg) elicit mild-to-severe GIS, which likely increase in a dose-dependent manner when sodium bicarbonate is ingested in a single dose. Strategies to reduce GIS with acute dosing include spreading intake over hours, using enteric-coated capsules/tablets, and ingesting sodium bicarbonate mini-tablets within a carbohydrate hydrogel. Direct comparisons of these strategies to reduce GIS are absent in current literature; thus, ranking their effectiveness is not possible. Multi-day dosing may lessen GIS, but symptom documentation throughout supplementation periods is poorly characterized. Notably, 26 of 101 studies failed to perform inferential statistical testing to examine condition/group differences in GIS. Making definitive recommendations about sodium bicarbonate supplementation to minimize GIS remains challenging. Major needs remain for direct comparisons between protocols purported to reduce GIS and improvements in GIS data collection, reporting, and analysis.

Seizure worsening and sodium-channel blockers in HCN1-related epilepsies: A case series.

Metal-defect pairs for near-stoichiometric electrocatalytic C-N coupling.

Wu Yandong Y, Chen Wei W, Zou Yuqin Y, Wang Jinbo J et al.

Geminal-site catalysts (GSCs) are prospective candidates for fulfilling the goal of aqueous electrochemical reductive cross-coupling reactions (ERCR) at near-stoichiometric yields. Nevertheless, a problem lies in the lack of a synthetic route for GSCs with few single sites. Here we report a defect-accompanying strategy for synthesizing GSCs containing metal-defect catalytic pairs (M-D GSCs), meaning that Fe-D GSCs can realize the electrochemical synthesis of cyclohexanone oximes (CHOs) from high concentrations (0.5 M) of nitrites (NO2 -) and cyclohexanone (CYC) at near-stoichiometric yields (the Faradic efficiency or yieldC/N: 91.3%). Multiple in-/ex-situ characterizations demonstrated that metal-citrate complexes were converted to metal-defect catalytic pairs via the liberation of gaseous carbon/nitrogen species during pyrolysis. Furthermore, we developed an innovative cathodic oxime-alkali process, where high concentration NaNO2 and CYC can be electrochemically converted to high-purity products including NaOH and CHO. This work showcases the enormous potential of M-D GSCs in achieving near-stoichiometric conversion for ERCR reactions.