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formoterol + fluticasone propionate (Abriff / Formoterol Combi / KRP108)

✓ Approved

Zambon · ADRB2 · Small Molecule

What is formoterol + fluticasone propionate?

formoterol + fluticasone propionate is a small molecule developed by Zambon. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAbriff, Formoterol Combi, KRP108
CompanyZambon
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetADRB2, NR3C1
RouteInhaled
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Zambon

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

formoterol + fluticasone propionate acts on 2 molecular targets:

ADRB2adrenoceptor beta 2 (B2AR, ARB2)
NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

formoterol + fluticasone propionate is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersChronic obstructive pulmonary diseasePhase III

Related Research Articles

PubMedEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2026-07-25

Safety of the feed additive consisting of chromium propionate (KemTRACE Chromium 0.4% MT) for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying/reproduction, turkeys for fattening and turkeys reared for reproduction (Kemin Europa N.V.).

EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Villa Roberto Edoardo RE, Azimonti Giovanna G, Bonos Eleftherios E et al.

An assessment of the safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of chromium propionate (KemTRACE™ Chromium) was issued on 18 March 2021. Due to difficulties in implementing the proposed method for the official control of added organic chromium in premixtures and feed, the additive needed incorporating a tracer in the composition of a premix. The European Commission asked EFSA to issue a new opinion on the safety and efficacy of Cr propionate (KemTRACE™ Chromium) as a feed additive for all growing poultry species, including the newly submitted information by the applicant that involves the use of the microtracer. In the FEEDAP Panel opinion on the safety of the microtracer issued on 15 January 2025, no conclusion could be made on the environmental safety of the microtracer for the groundwater compartment. Following the request from the applicant and its acceptance by the European Commission, as indicated in its letter to EFSA of 12 January 2026, the scope of the current assessment has been modified to consider a change in the additive under assessment and a reduction of the target species. Therefore, EFSA delivers an assessment of the safety and efficacy of the additive consisting of Cr propionate (KemTRACE chromium 0.4% MT) for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying/reproduction, turkeys for fattening and turkeys reared for reproduction. The use of KemTRACE Chromium 0.4% MT (containing a microtracer) at the proposed conditions of use is safe for the target species, consumers and the environment. The additive is considered irritant to the eyes and a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. Exposure of users by any route is considered a risk. KemTRACE Chromium 0.4% MT has the potential to be efficacious as a zootechnical additive in chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying/reproduction, turkeys for fattening and turkeys reared for reproduction at the supplementation level of 0.4 mg Cr/kg feed.

PMID 42499334
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PubMedJournal of environmental sciences (China)2026-07-25

Environmental-dose chlorpyrifos disrupts gut microbiota and microbial metabolite profiles: An indirect mechanism promoting breast tumor growth.

Yuan Jiahao J, Zhang Jinni J, Lin Zian Z, Cai Zongwei Z

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a persistent organic pollutant prevalent in the environment, has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer through mechanisms that remain incompletely elucidated. Since microorganisms are more susceptible to CPF than animals, this study employed a 24-week exposure mouse model to investigate the impacts of environmental-dose CPF (2 and 20 μg/kg) on gut microbiota (GM), microbial metabolites, and breast tumor growth. Our findings revealed that chronic CPF exposure reduced bacterial α diversity with a significant proliferation of Clostridium and Alloprevotella within the gut. This microbial dysbiosis led to elevated levels of microbial metabolites such as acetate, propionate, and deoxycholic acid in serum and tumor tissues, with increases ranging from 2.14 to 3.18-fold. Notably, CPF exposure was terminated before tumor inoculation, but the altered microbial metabolites continued to promote the tumor growth by reprogramming tumor metabolism. Through untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics analyses, the increased microbial metabolites were found to be strongly associated with a series of enhanced metabolic processes for tumor proliferation, including tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, purine and pyrimidine synthesis, triglyceride degradation, and phospholipid synthesis. This study suggests an indirect mechanism by which CPF exposure promotes the growth of breast tumors, specifically through alterations in GM and microbial metabolite profiles. This underscores the pivotal role of GM-derived metabolites as critical mediators in the toxicity of low-dose pesticide exposure.

PMID 42498388
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PubMedIndian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB2026-07-25

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Ameliorates Lipid Profile, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Letrozole Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rat Model.

Acharya Ashwitha A, Shetty Prasanna Kumar PK, Sonkusare Shipra S, Padmanabha Ganeshkodi Roopashree R et al.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common metabolic-reproductive disorders affecting reproductive-age women, causing an irregular menstrual cycle, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Current therapies for PCOS focus on the management of symptoms. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a significant role in PCOS by influencing the gut microbiota composition and metabolic pathways. The impact of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress parameters in the PCOS model remains unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of SCFA on lipid profile, oxidative stress parameters, and inflammation in a high-fat diet-fed letrozole-induced PCOS model. 48 Female albino Wistar rats were randomised to 8 group (n = 6). The groups were treated with letrozole to induce PCOS and then treated with sodium acetate (SA), sodium propionate (SP), sodium butyrate (SB), and SCFA (3:1:1) mixture. This study observed a significant distortion in lipid profile, oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers. Our data showed, PCOS model showed elevated levels of triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein, which were significantly ameliorated when treated with SCFA (3:1:1), SA, SP, and SB. SP, SB, and SCFA (3:1:1) significantly lowered total cholesterol, while only SB and SCFA (3:1:1) significantly lowered low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Elevated high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was observed in the SA, SB, and SCFA (3:1:1) treated group. The malondialdehyde level was lowered in the SCFA-treated groups, whereas the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione level was elevated. Our data showed a significant reduction in IL-6, IL-1β levels in the PCOS-induced group treated with SA, SP, SB, and SCFA (3:1:1). The findings of the present study suggest that short-chain fatty acids restructure dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation in a PCOS-induced model, highlighting their possible role as therapeutic dietary supplements in alleviating PCOS.

PMID 42500348
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PubMedAdvances in respiratory medicine2026-07-24

Utilization Patterns of Nebulized Glycopyrronium in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Exacerbations of Obstructive Airway Disease (AEOAD)-Indian Expert Perspectives.

Khanna Arjun A, Waghray Pradyut P, Singh Ashok Kr AK, Mehta Jinay J et al.

Background: Acute exacerbation of obstructive airway disease (AEOAD) is a major cause of hospitalization, morbidity, and premature mortality in India. Hospitalized patients for the same are predominantly treated with short-acting bronchodilators, which require frequent administration and are associated with systemic adverse effects. Despite the availability of nebulized long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) with quick onset of action, such as glycopyrronium, their role in acute care remains unclear in India. Methods: A pan-India expert opinion-building initiative was conducted among 220 pulmonologists across Tier I-II cities through 13 structured advisory meetings between April 2025 and July 2025. The final expert perspectives were then categorized into recurrent insights, raised in 75% or more meetings, and variable insights, raised in <75% of all meetings. Results: Experts reported that AEOAD management commonly involved initial stabilization with SABA/SAMA followed by transition to triple therapy with nebulized glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide. Nebulized glycopyrronium was perceived to provide rapid and sustained bronchodilation with fewer cardiovascular side effects compared to short-acting agents. Benefits were reported in patients with frequent exacerbations, high sputum burden, and bronchiectasis. Operational advantages included reduced dosing frequency and nursing workload. Experts also noted potential improvements in hospital stay and readmissions; however, these observations were based on clinical experience rather than controlled data. Conclusions: Indian pulmonologists agreed that early initiation of nebulized glycopyrronium (with formoterol and budesonide) in hospitalized AEOAD may improve symptom control, lower exacerbation burden, reduce reliance on short-acting bronchodilators and corticosteroids, and shorten hospital stays.

PMID 42496252
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-07-24

PANoptosis links gut dysbiosis to obstructive sleep apnea-associated atherosclerosis: a gut-vascular inflammatory axis.

Li Ji An JA, Dai Yunyan Y, Zhang Hong H, Zhou Xin X

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized as an independent contributor to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, yet the mechanisms linking nocturnal intermittent hypoxia (IH) to plaque progression remain incompletely understood. Beyond oxidative stress and sympathetic activation, emerging evidence suggests that the gut may function as a critical relay organ between OSA and vascular injury. IH reshapes the intestinal ecosystem by altering microbial composition, weakening epithelial and mucus barrier integrity, and remodeling microbial metabolites, thereby increasing systemic exposure to microbial ligands and potentially pro-atherogenic metabolic signals, while reducing protective short-chain fatty acids. Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO) and imidazole propionate (ImP) are discussed as representative microbiota-derived metabolites implicated in atherosclerosis, although direct evidence linking OSA-related IH to increased circulating TMAO in human cohorts remains limited. These intestinal inflammatory and metabolic inputs may amplify endothelial dysfunction, macrophage activation, and chronic vascular inflammation. We propose that PANoptosis, an integrated inflammatory cell death program involving pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, may represent a plausible downstream inflammatory cell death mechanism through which dysbiosis-associated and plaque-local stressors converge to promote plaque injury. This review summarizes convergent indirect evidence supporting a gut dysbiosis-PANoptosis-vascular injury hypothesis, and discusses potential therapeutic implications for OSA-associated atherosclerosis.

PMID 42495605
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PubMedAnnales de dermatologie et de venereologie2026-07-24

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma associated with cosmetic skin bleaching: Histological characteristics and the possible role of human papillomavirus.

Seck B B, Attiya Z Z, Ndiaye M T MT, Ly F F et al.

The occurrence and clinical characteristics of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) associated with cosmetic skin bleaching have been well documented in the literature. However, the histopathological characteristics have not yet been reported. This study aimed to describe the histological abnormalities observed in cases of cSCC associated with cosmetic skin bleaching and to explore the potential contributing factors. We re-analysed archived paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from all cases of cSCC diagnosed in different pathology laboratories in Dakar between November 2006 and October 2021. We collected 19 cases of cSCC, all occurring in women, with a mean age of 58 years. On average, the women had been practising cosmetic skin bleaching for 20 years. Most of them (14 cases) used bleaching products containing a mixture of hydroquinone and clobetasol propionate. All carcinomas were well-differentiated, and 17 cases (89.5%) were invasive. Histological abnormalities associated with the cSCC included intense fibrosis with a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in all cases, telangiectasias in 18 cases (94.7%), exogenous ochronosis deposits in 9 cases (47.4%), and solar elastosis in one case. In addition, koilocytes, histological markers of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, were identified in 10 cases (52.6%). cSCC associated with cosmetic skin bleaching exhibit a distinctive histopathological pattern with frequent koilocytosis (52.6%). These findings support a multifactorial pathogenesis in which HPV may act as a cofactor. Future studies using PCR and in situ hybridisation are needed to clarify this potential association.

PMID 42492376
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