Drug Database
EP

epinephrine (Emerade)

✓ Approved

Bausch + Lomb Corporation · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is epinephrine?

epinephrine is a small molecule developed by Bausch + Lomb Corporation. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesEmerade
CompanyBausch + Lomb Corporation
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteInjectable (Others)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Bausch + Lomb Corporation

Therapeutic Indications

epinephrine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Immune system disordersAnaphylactic reaction✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedActa paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)2026-11-11

Management and Outcome of Paediatric Septic Shock Requiring Vasoactive Therapy: A Multicentre Prospective Observational Study.

Üdürgücü Muhammed M, Yener Nazik N, Akyüz Betül Demir BD, İnce Büşra Daştan BD et al.

Although vasoactive drugs are recommended for paediatric septic shock requiring vasoactive therapy (PSSRVT), evidence on optimal agent selection remains limited. This study aimed to describe clinical characteristics, vasoactive drug use, adjunctive treatments, and outcomes of patients with PSSRVT. This multicentre, prospective study was conducted between 1 October 2024 and 30 April 2025, across 16 Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). The study included 225 PSSRVT patients treated with vasoactive agents, with a PICU frequency of 5%. Normal saline was administered in 93% of cases (mean 29.6 ± 14.0 mL/kg). A single vasoactive drug was used in 23% of patients, while 45% received two. Epinephrine was the most common first-line drug (70%), followed by norepinephrine (27%). Corticosteroids were used in 53% of vasopressor-resistant cases, with a median vasoactive inotrope score (VIS) of 60 (40-100). Among patients requiring intubation due to escalating sepsis severity, the median (IQR) VIS at the time of intubation was 50 (30-70). Overall mortality was 59%. Multiple vasoactive drugs were required in most patients, with usage patterns differing from previous reports. The median VIS at corticosteroid initiation was close to the VIS threshold associated with increased mortality. Further studies are needed to optimize vasoactive agent selection and sequencing.

PMID 43012742
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PubMedAnalytical chemistry2026-11-11

Continuously Tuning the Air Plasma Desorption Ambient Ionization Source for Broad Polarity Compound Detection.

Liu Feng F, Xie Huaxue H, Duan Jize J, Zhang Xinglei X et al.

Ambient ionization sources directly analyze different polarity analytes in the samples, but they struggle to simultaneously analyze polar/nonpolar analytes and minimize fragmentation caused by the weakness of controlling the internal energy distribution of the sources. Herein, a plasma desorption ionization (PDI) mass spectrometry (MS) was developed for a continuously controllable internal energy distribution of the ion source, which enables tuning the ionization modes of either proton transfer or charge exchange. By controlling the duty ratio, the PDI was tuned to ionize molecules of different polarity, to minimize fragmentation, and to reduce the matrix effect. Lower duty ratios (1-5%) yield lower Emax with narrow internal energy distributions characteristic of soft ionization, while higher duty ratios (40-100%) produce higher Emax with broad distributions characteristic of hard ionization. Above all, it showed an excellent performance in improving the signal-to-noise ratio by 40-fold. In addition, by coupling this PDI to a portable MS, real-world samples, like 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 25 pharmaceuticals (20 tablets, two liquid medicines, and three salves), were detected within 30 s, and the limit of detection of medicines was as low as 0.15 ng·mL-1. The PDI-MS has promise for applications in high-throughput screening of samples on site.

PMID 43010494
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PubMedVeterinary pathology2026-11-11

Deep learning-based identification and counting of early-stage follicles in rat ovaries.

Soldati Sabina S, Garg Rohit R, Mohanty Amogh A, Dalvi Milind M et al.

Counting ovarian early follicles helps assess the impact of pharmaceuticals and endocrine-disrupting chemicals on female fertility. Traditional manual counting methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to intra- and interobserver variability, leading to inconsistent results. This study addresses these limitations by developing a fully automated solution for the identification and quantification of early-stage follicles in hematoxylin and eosin-stained rat ovarian sections, with the aim of enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and reproducibility. We developed a deep learning model designed to identify primordial type 1 and type 2 follicles, and a second model focusing on detecting early growing follicles. The automated system exhibited high performance on an independent test data set of 200 whole-slide images, whose predictions were validated by pathologists. The models achieved high precision and recall, with 98.49% and 90.92%, respectively, for type 1; 95.97% and 97.54% for type 2; and 99.45% and 80.09% for early growing follicles. Further comparisons with manual annotations performed by 4 independent pathologists revealed significant interobserver variability. While human performance was hindered by factors such as fatigue and inconsistent criteria application, resulting in variable precision and recall and high rates of missed follicles, the algorithm maintained superior consistency and overall higher F1-scores. Furthermore, a comparison between manual work and the algorithm's productivity showed that the algorithm was 11 times faster than manual quantification. These results demonstrate that the automated approach not only matches expert accuracy but also effectively eliminates subjectivity and diagnostic drift inherent in manual counting, providing a reproducible method for follicle counting, and significantly enhancing workflow efficiency.

PMID 43010720
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PubMedEnvironmental science. Processes & impacts2026-11-11

National-scale monitoring reveals widespread trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) contamination in UK surface waters.

Stanforth Rowan D RD, Li Jun J, Evans Hannah H, Kirton Megan L ML et al.

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a highly persistent and mobile, ultra-short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) that is extremely abundant in the global environment. The accumulation of TFA in the environment is partly due to its capacity to form from numerous fluorinated precursor molecules, including pesticides, refrigerants and pharmaceuticals. TFA pollution is particularly significant in aquatic systems due to its solubility, although there is no UK-wide assessment of the state of TFA pollution in surface waters. This study assessed TFA concentrations in 214 water samples from all four UK countries (England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland) covering 54 sites across 32 rivers and 4 seasons. To understand the spatial patterns in TFA pollution, the relationships between TFA loads and various potential TFA sources were also examined. TFA was detected at 98% of sites, with mean and median concentration of 2210 ng L-1 and 201 ng L-1 respectively. Multiple TFA pollution hotspots were observed, including on the river Kelvin in Glasgow (maximum concentration: 78 500 ng L-1). Winter and spring were associated with elevated TFA mass loads, driven by higher flow in both seasons and higher concentrations in winter. Golf course exposure and intermediate arable land cover were significantly associated with higher TFA loads, possibly reflecting PFAS pesticide usage. However, our results also highlight the challenges of source attribution for a widespread contaminant with numerous sources, and we propose avenues for future investigation. Overall, this study provides an important baseline of TFA pollution in the UK and suggests prioritising precautionary action to prevent further emissions at source.

PMID 43012147
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PubMedRSC advances2026-11-10

Hybrid 2D g-C3N4/SrFe12O19 magnetically recoverable photocatalyst: synergistic heterojunction for enhanced photodegradation of pharmaceuticals in an aqueous medium.

Laayati Mouhsine M, Labyad Salim Adam SA, Orfi Hamza H, El Mersly Lekbira L et al.

Active pharmaceutical contaminants (APCs), such as antibiotics, cause significant environmental and public health problems. The development of efficient methods for the removal of such contaminants from water and wastewater remains a great challenge. In this study, we report a novel heterojunction photocatalyst and its application in degrading tetracycline and other pharmaceuticals. A highly efficient and magnetically separable hybrid nanocomposite, g-C3N4/SrFe12O19, was successfully synthesized via a three-step process. To confirm the structure, morphology, chemical composition, oxidation states, and stability of the as-synthesized materials, advanced characterization techniques, including XRD, FTIR, DRS, XPS, SEM-EDX, TEM, BET, and Zetasizer analysis, were employed. The as-synthesized g-C3N4/SrFe12O19 nanocomposite demonstrated nanoscale properties with a high surface area, structural stability and excellent photocatalytic activity in the degradation of tetracycline under light irradiation. Its magnetic properties also allow for easy recovery and reuse, making it a promising candidate for sustainable water treatment. The hybrid 2D nanocomposite exhibited superior photocatalytic efficiency and recyclability compared with the individual components, pristine g-C3N4 and SrFe12O19. In summary, the g-C3N4/SrFe12O19 heterostructure offers an environmentally friendly and effective solution for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from an aqueous medium.

PMID 43005852
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PubMedEnvironmental research2026-11-10

Pharmaceutical and Microplastic Toxicity in Procambarus clarkii: A Critical Review of Biomarker Responses, Methodological Challenges, and Future Perspectives.

Bradauskaitė Aida A, Jurgelėnė Živilė Ž, Sireti Giuseppe G, Banaee Mahdi M et al.

The toxicity of emerging contaminants has been extensively investigated and reviewed in a wide range of aquatic organisms, but comprehensive evaluations in crayfish remain limited. Procambarus clarkii is a freshwater crayfish increasingly used in aquatic toxicology research, particularly in studies investigating pharmaceuticals and microplastics. This review evaluates the suitability of P. clarkii as a test organism for toxicity assessment of selected emerging contaminants and synthesizes the available evidence on its biochemical, immunological, molecular, and histopathological responses following exposure to pharmaceuticals and microplastics. A structured literature search conducted through May 2026 identified 24 eligible peer-reviewed research articles. The available evidence indicates that oxidative stress, immune regulation, and hepatopancreatic pathology are among the most consistently affected biological processes, although the direction and magnitude of many biomarker responses varied across contaminants and exposure conditions. Among the evaluated endpoints, reduced total hemocyte count emerged as the most consistent response and was reported in all reviewed studies assessing this measure, suggesting immune disturbance. The review also discusses methodological heterogeneity and identifies important knowledge gaps, including limited data on pharmaceutical bioaccumulation and microplastic uptake and retention, limited evidence on biomarker and transcriptional recovery following contaminant removal, and limited information on quantitative toxicity thresholds. Addressing these knowledge gaps will strengthen the application of P. clarkii as a test organism in pharmaceutical and microplastic toxicity assessment in freshwater ecosystems.

PMID 43008917
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