Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma · Small Molecule · Small Molecule
montmorillonite is a small molecule developed by Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).
| Brand Names | Diarrafin |
| Company | Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma |
| Drug Class | Small Molecule |
| Route | Oral (PO) |
| Status | Approved |
montmorillonite is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.
| Therapeutic Area | Condition | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Diarrhoea | ✓ Approved |
Antunes Bianca S L BSL, Pedrini Flavia F, Komatsu Daniel D, Asami Jessica J et al.
Kunyawut Chatchai C, Umpuch Chakkrit C
A biodegradable thin-film composite comprising cross-linked gelatin/alginate and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified montmorillonite was developed for the adsorption of Reactive Red 120 (RR120). Compared with our previously reported bulk composite, the thin-film architecture shortened diffusion pathways, thereby reducing internal mass-transfer resistance and improving adsorption-site accessibility. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) increased with contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature, but decreased with increasing solution pH. Kinetic modeling using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models indicated that adsorption was governed by surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion, whereas equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 46.79 mg/g. Regeneration using 0.5 M NaCl demonstrated moderate reusability. Among the evaluated machine-learning algorithms, the optimized gradient boosting model achieved the highest predictive performance (test R2 = 0.9606, RMSE = 1.4265 mg/g) and predicted optimum operating conditions of 356 min, 277 mg/L, pH 2.8, and 41 °C. Experimental validation yielded an adsorption capacity of 45.23 ± 0.05 mg/g, with a relative prediction error of only 0.91%. These findings demonstrate that integrating biodegradable thin-film composites with established machine-learning techniques provides an effective strategy for adsorption-process optimization and textile wastewater treatment.
Zhang Lin L, He Yuwen Y, Mao Kun K, Hong Zhendong Z et al.
Cadmium (Cd) pollution threatens global ecosystems and human health owing to its high toxicity, long-term persistence, and dual irreversibility of environmental geochemical behavior and biological toxicological effects. The interaction between phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) and clay minerals governs the biogeochemical transformation, chemical speciation, and migration fate of soil Cd. However, the dose-dependent mechanisms underlying Cd2+ removal by Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and montmorillonite remain unclear. In this study, three Cd2+ stress levels were simulated, and four A. niger-montmorillonite composite systems were established. Key physicochemical and metabolic indicators, including pH, available phosphorus (AP) concentration, oxalic acid concentration, acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, and Cd2+ removal rate, were determined. The results showed that the single A. niger treatment achieved the optimal Cd removal performance among all composite treatment groups. Severe Cd2+ stress induced abundant oxalic acid and ACP secretion, which simultaneously mobilized phosphorus and facilitated Cd removal via phosphate precipitation and oxalate complexation. Low-to-medium montmorillonite dosage temporarily alleviated Cd2+ toxicity, whereas high montmorillonite dosage restricted fungal metabolic exudates and, together with acid-mediated mineral-Cd interactions, triggered antagonistic rather than synergistic Cd removal. This study clarifies how montmorillonite dosage reshapes the metabolic defense of A. niger, providing theoretical references for optimizing microbe-montmorillonite composite remediation formulations.
Li Wenhui W, Xue Xiaoxuan X, Gao Zhan Z, Yang Yizhang Y et al.
Underwater adhesion is often compromised by interfacial hydration and insufficient bulk properties. Herein, a montmorillonite-reinforced poly (acrylic acid-co-butyl acrylate-co-2-phenoxyethyl acrylate) [P(AA-co-BA-co-PEA)/MMT] liquid adhesive was fabricated by one-pot free-radical polymerization. Solvent exchange and the balanced hydrophilic-hydrophobic composition facilitated hydration-layer displacement and intimate substrate contact, whereas MMT introduced additional physical interactions that restricted chain mobility and reinforced the adhesive bulk. The adhesive achieved underwater lap-shear strengths of 66.01-238.00 kPa on polypropylene, poly (vinyl chloride), polytetrafluoroethylene, wood, 304 stainless steel, and glass, representing improvements of 10.35-157.62% over the MMT-free adhesive. The highest strength, 238.00 ± 5.52 kPa, was obtained on 304 stainless steel. Moreover, the 180° peel strength increased by 23.90% to 107.76 ± 5.12 N m-1, while the swelling ratio decreased by 33.59% to 10.20 ± 1.09%. Rheological and thermal analyses further supported the MMT-induced enhancement of the adhesive bulk. This synergistic regulation of interfacial adhesion and composite reinforcement provides a simple route toward versatile liquid adhesives for robust underwater bonding.
Cui Yingxue Y, Yang Yi Y, Yu Hongyu H, Yang Donghai D et al.
High-concentration powder carrier bio-fluidized bed (HPB) technology provides a promising strategy for rapid cultivation of microgranules; however, the interfacial mechanisms governing carrier-induced granulation remain poorly explored. In this study, three typical carriers (diatomite, montmorillonite, and fly ash) were employed to investigate microgranule formation in HPB systems. By integrating expanded Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory, extracellular polymer substances (EPS) and electrochemical characterization, microbial community analysis, and nitrogen transformation functional genes, the mechanisms linking interfacial interactions to microgranule development were systematically elucidated. Among tested carriers, diatomite exhibited the strongest granulation-promoting effect, increasing particle size by 63.3% and biomass growth by 24.7% within 30 d. Surface thermodynamic analysis revealed that diatomite possessed the lowest adhesion Gibbs free energy (-16.90 mJ m-2), compared with -9.42 and -3.95 mJ m-2 for montmorillonite and fly ash, respectively. The Lewis acid-base (AB) interaction free energy of the diatomite-sludge interface reached -13.43 mJ m-2, accounting for more than 79% of the total adhesion free energy, indicating that AB interactions were primarily responsible for diatomite's superior microbial adhesion capacity. Consistent with thermodynamic advantage, the interaction energy barrier disappeared on day 30 in the diatomite system, 10 d earlier than in the fly ash system, with the reversible adhesion distance decreased to 5.61 nm, facilitating rapid aggregate formation. The accelerated microgranules' development was also accompanied by enhanced protein/polysaccharide (PN/PS) and electrochemical activity, with increasing from 1.40 to 2,29, 1185 to 1454 μF, respectively. Simultaneously, nitrifying, denitrifying, and granulation-associated microorganisms were selectively enriched. Correspondingly, the abundances of amoABC, hao, narB, and nosZ reached 188%, 179%, 163%, and 151% of control levels, respectively. These findings demonstrate the exceptional granulation performance of diatomite originates from its favorable interfacial thermodynamic properties, which promote microbial adhesion, extracellular electron transfer, and functional microbial assembly, thereby accelerating microgranule formation in HPB systems.
Falahati Naghibi Elham E, Shirmardi Mohammad M, Amouei Abdoliman A, Mehdinia Seyed Mahmoud SM et al.
Mature landfill leachate is difficult to treat because refractory dissolved organic matter produces high chemical oxygen demand (COD), intense color, and poor biodegradability. This study compared calcined paper mill sludge (PMS-A), montmorillonite (Mt), and a novel calcined PMS-Mt composite for simultaneous COD and color removal from mature landfill leachate. Adsorbents were characterized by SEM, EDAX, FTIR, nitrogen sorption, and point-of-zero-charge analysis, and evaluated in batch experiments. At the optimized conditions (pH ≈ 7, 80 g L⁻¹ adsorbent, 90 min, and 250 rpm), PMS-A achieved the highest color and COD removals (98% and 92%), followed by PMS-Mt composite (96% and 76%) and Mt (50% and 60%). Although Mt had the greatest specific surface area, its lower performance showed that surface chemistry and site accessibility were more influential than surface area alone. The pseudo-second-order and Elovich models provided the best fit to the kinetic data. COD adsorption was generally better described by the Freundlich isotherm, whereas color isotherm behavior differed among the adsorbents. These empirical fits were not interpreted as proof of a specific adsorption mechanism. The required dosage of 80 g L⁻¹ and energy-intensive calcination remain important scale-up constraints. Overall, PMS-A showed the strongest technical performance, supporting further work on dosage reduction, regeneration, continuous-flow operation, and techno-economic assessment.
+5094 more articles available with a free account
Sign up free to view all articles →