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polio vaccine

✓ Approved

Sanofi S.A · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is polio vaccine?

polio vaccine is a vaccine developed by Sanofi S.A. It is approved for therapeutic indications via unknown.

Drug Profile

CompanySanofi S.A
Drug ClassVaccine, Large Molecules
RouteUnknown
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Sanofi S.A

Therapeutic Indications

polio vaccine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresPolio immunisation✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedAdvances in virology2026-09-20

Comparative Sequence Analysis of the Envelope Gene of Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus Vaccine Strain With Currently Circulating Field Strains.

Kaje Keerthi K, Marinaik Chandranaik B CB, Gomes Amitha Reena AR, Rizwan Apsana A et al.

The present study was undertaken with the objective of performing comparative sequence analysis of the envelope (E) gene of Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) vaccine strain P9605 with the circulating field strains. The study was taken up as the currently used KFDV vaccine strain, KFDV P9605, was isolated in the 1960s. For this study, we designed two sets of primers targeting the complete amplification of the E gene of KFDV. The sequencing was performed by the Sanger method, and the deduced sequence of the vaccine virus was deposited in GenBank with accession number PX067005. This sequence obtained for the vaccine virus was aligned and compared with sequences of GenBank-deposited circulating field strains. We also performed comparative sequence analysis of the Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) vaccine seed virus having passaged twice in mouse brain with the vaccine seed virus passaged six times in mouse brain to investigate whether multiple passages in mouse brain will lead to genetic mutation in the immunologically important E gene. The phylogenetic analysis revealed seven amino acid mutations in the field strains at positions A123T, S158N, D178E, D239N, A313S, M429I, and G479A when compared with the vaccine strain. We did not find any mutations at the critical fusogenic segment (residues 98-113) in the E gene of currently circulating field strains compared to the vaccine seed virus. The study found no genetic variations in the E gene of the KFD virus passed two times and passed six times in mouse brain. We performed SWISS-MODEL homology modeling, AlphaFold protein analysis, and Ramachandran plot analysis to study the E protein structures and stability. The observations made in this study suggest slow evolutionary drift and conserved structural stability of the envelope gene of KFDV ever since its emergence 7 decades ago; however, the functional implications of these amino acid substitutions need further studies on their roles in viral infectivity, transmission, and impact on immunity.

PMID 42763584
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PubMedJACC. Case reports2026-09-20

A Curious Change in QRS Width: Timing Is Everything.

Zepeda David Litonjua DL, Sapru Abharika A, E Zarraga Ignatius Gerardo IG

A 61-year-old man with a mechanical aortic valve developed Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. His electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with atrioventricular Wenckebach and phase 4 left bundle branch block. He was subsequently found to have a peri-aortic root abscess that was likely eroding not only into the atrioventricular node, but into the left bundle fibers as well. Phase 4 block is a pause-dependent conduction block that reflects underlying His-Purkinje system disease. During a critical pause, spontaneous phase 4 depolarization in a diseased His-Purkinje system allows more sodium channels to become inactivated, reducing excitability and resulting in transient conduction block.

PMID 42763808
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PubMedFrontiers in physiology2026-09-19

Controlled breathing is associated with lower blood lactate than normobaric hypoxia despite comparable peripheral oxygen saturation during moderate-intensity exercise: an exploratory crossover study.

Fisher A J AJ, Hirsch Jessie J, Walker Kaela K, Rothstein Alexander A et al.

Blood lactate accumulation during exercise has traditionally been associated with reduced oxygen availability and an increased reliance on glycolytic metabolism. However, lactate production is influenced by multiple processes beyond oxygen availability. Previous pilot work demonstrated that a standardized controlled breathing intervention produced intermittent reductions in peripheral oxygen saturation comparable to intermittent hypoxic training, but its effects on blood lactate had not been investigated. This crossover study compared normobaric hypoxia (NH) and controlled breathing (CB). We hypothesized that both interventions would increase blood lactate accumulation relative to control. Fifteen healthy adults completed three laboratory visits using a within-subject crossover design. Participants performed an identical 30-minute functional exercise protocol during control (CON), NH (15% inspired oxygen), and CB. Blood lactate was measured at rest, after 10, 20, and 30 minutes of exercise, and after 10 minutes of recovery. Blood lactate AUC, maximum blood lactate, average HR, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with Tukey-adjusted pairwise comparisons. Contrary to hypothesis, NH and CB produced different metabolic responses despite reducing peripheral oxygen saturation. Blood lactate differed among conditions over time (condition × time interaction, p = 0.007), with CB demonstrating lower blood lactate than CON at 10, 20, 30 minutes, and recovery, and lower blood lactate than NH at 20 and 30 minutes. Maximum blood lactate (p = 0.002), blood lactate AUC (p < 0.001), and average HR (p < 0.001) were significantly lower during CB. NH produced greater reductions in peripheral oxygen saturation than CB, although both interventions reduced SpO2 relative to CON. RPE did not differ among conditions (p = 0.371). A standardized controlled breathing intervention was associated with lower blood lactate accumulation, cumulative lactate exposure, peak blood lactate concentration, and average HR despite significant reductions in peripheral oxygen saturation during moderate-intensity exercise. These exploratory findings suggest pulse oximetry-measured peripheral oxygen saturation may not fully predict metabolic responses to exercise. Because underlying mechanisms were not directly assessed, future mechanistic studies using direct measurements of skeletal muscle oxygenation, gas exchange, and metabolic regulation are warranted.

PMID 42761084
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PubMedProbiotics and antimicrobial proteins2026-09-19

Effect of Non-viable Probiotics on Obesity-Related Outcomes in Rodent Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Soltanieh Samira S, Musarrat Maesha M, Alim Md Abdul MA, Zhu Wenjun W et al.

Non-viable probiotics have been increasingly studied as a safer and more stable alternative to live probiotics to manage obesity and metabolic disorders. But efficacy across strains, doses, and treatment durations is still unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis included 40 eligible controlled animal studies to quantify the effects of inactivated probiotics (by heat or sonication) on obesity-related outcomes in high-fat diet-induced obese rodent models. Our analysis showed a significant reduction in final body weight and total fat mass with supplementation of inactivated probiotics, whereas weight gain showed a favorable but non-significant decrease. Fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly improved as well indicating improved glycemic control. The results of the lipid profile showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol. Triglycerides and LDL cholesterol showed a favorable but not a significant decrease and HDL cholesterol was not significantly affected. Liver enzymes showed a significant reduction in ALT and a favorable, but not significant, reduction in AST. Subgroup analyses revealed treatment strain, duration, and dosage as moderators of specific outcomes. Treatment-specific effects differed across metabolic domains. Findings from these preclinical models support the potential of inactivated probiotics against obesity-related metabolic dysfunction; however, heterogeneity was observed for several outcomes. For each outcome, Egger's regression tests were applied separately to identify publication bias or other small-study effects specific to outcomes. Nevertheless, these preclinical data justify the translation of inactivated probiotics interventions into clinical research in obesity-related disorders.

PMID 42762432
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PubMedSeminars in interventional radiology2026-09-19

Recognizing the Right Adrenal Vein.

Quencer Keith B KB

Adrenal vein sampling failure is most commonly caused by inadequate sampling of the right adrenal vein (RAV). To be successful in sampling from the RAV, one must be able to recognize its venographic appearance as well as the distinguishing features of its mimics. Multiple clues such as location, branching pattern, and the presence of emissary veins are used to distinguish the two. Cone beam CT (CB-CT) can be a valuable tool for ambiguous cases. By providing an image-rich review, this paper should help readers discriminate the RAV from potential mimics.

PMID 42762032
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PubMedEClinicalMedicine2026-09-19

Effectiveness of the 2025-2026 seasonal influenza vaccine among U.S. veterans: an observational study.

Xie Yan Y, Choi Taeyoung T, Al-Aly Ziyad Z

Annual vaccination is the primary strategy for preventing adverse clinical outcomes associated with seasonal influenza, but vaccine effectiveness varies by season with the degree of antigenic match and the predominant circulating subtype. The 2025-2026 season has been dominated by a newly emerged, antigenically distinct influenza A(H3N2) subclade K that arose after the vaccine strain was selected, raising concern about a vaccine mismatch and reduced effectiveness. Contemporary, season-specific evidence on effectiveness against clinically important outcomes is needed. We used U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) electronic health records to emulate a series of 24 sequential 7-day target trials among VA users with an in-person primary care visit between September 15, 2025, and February 28, 2026, comparing those who did and did not receive a seasonal influenza vaccine at the visit. The final analytic cohort comprised 1,401,492 participant-trials (526,350 vaccinated and 875,142 unvaccinated). Exposure was defined as receipt of the 2025-2026 seasonal influenza vaccine on the date of an eligible primary care visit, compared with no seasonal influenza vaccination at that visit or during follow-up. The primary outcome was a composite of seasonal influenza-associated emergency department visit or hospitalization. Individual components were also evaluated. Vaccine effectiveness (VE), defined as 1 minus the risk ratio, was estimated as the per-protocol effect among vaccinated participants using discrete-time survival models with inverse-probability-of-treatment and inverse-probability-of-censoring weighting. Marginal cumulative risks, and risk differences (RDs) per 10,000 persons, together with risk ratios, were estimated. Compared with no vaccination, receipt of the 2025-2026 vaccine was associated with a lower risk of the composite outcome (VE, 21.95%; 95% CI, 16.08%-27.65%; RD per 10,000 persons, -4.94; 95% CI, -6.49 to -3.47), influenza-associated emergency department visits (VE, 22.25%; 95% CI, 16.38%-27.94%; RD, -5.01; 95% CI, -6.55 to -3.53), and influenza-associated hospitalizations (VE, 31.84%; 95% CI, 14.77%-46.27%; RD, -1.08; 95% CI, -1.82 to -0.44). Vaccination was associated with lower risk of the composite outcome across prespecified subgroups defined by age (≤65 and >65 years) and immunocompromised status. Results were consistent across multiple sensitivity analyses, and negative outcome controls (all-cause hospitalization and all-cause death within 14 days) showed no association with vaccination. In analyses applying the same design to the 2024-2025 season, vaccine effectiveness was lower in 2025-2026 than in 2024-2025 for every outcome (composite, 21.95% vs 32.15%; approximately 30% lower in relative terms). The 2025-2026 seasonal influenza vaccine was associated with reductions in influenza-associated emergency department visits and hospitalizations, but its effectiveness was lower than in the immediately preceding season. These findings provide contemporary, season-specific evidence supporting the continued use of seasonal influenza vaccination to prevent clinically important influenza outcomes. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.

PMID 42761462
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