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polio vaccine

✓ Approved

Sanofi S.A · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is polio vaccine?

polio vaccine is a vaccine developed by Sanofi S.A. It is approved for therapeutic indications via unknown.

Drug Profile

CompanySanofi S.A
Drug ClassVaccine, Large Molecules
RouteUnknown
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Sanofi S.A

Therapeutic Indications

polio vaccine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresPolio immunisation✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-11-11

Infectious and inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A/ARG/2001 and O1 Campos/Bra/58 differentially affect bovine afferent lymph dendritic cells.

Quattrocchi Valeria V, Soria Ivana I, Langellotti Cecilia Ana CA, Gammella Mariela M et al.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are central to the initiation of adaptive immune responses by bridging innate and adaptive immunity through antigen presentation to naïve T cells. Current vaccines against Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) rely on inactivated virus, although infectious and inactivated forms of FMDV can differentially modulate immune function. While these effects have been studied in murine DCs, their impact on bovine dendritic cells remains poorly understood. This study evaluated how antigen form and serotype affect bovine afferent lymph dendritic cells (ALDCs). ALDCs collected from bovine lymph, a physiologically relevant migrating DC population, were exposed to infectious or inactivated FMDV serotypes A/ARG/2001 (A2001) and O1 Campos/Bra/58 (O1C), both included in the commercial vaccine used in Argentina. The expression of MHC class II and the co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86, apoptosis, IL-12 production, and lymphocyte proliferation in co-culture assays were evaluated. Viral progeny production and expression of the non-structural protein 3ABC were also assessed. Infectious A2001 downregulated MHC class II, CD40, and CD86 expression and increased apoptosis, whereas infectious O1C selectively downregulated MHC class II without affecting ALDC viability. In contrast, inactivated viruses from both serotypes upregulated CD40 and CD86 expression, induced IL-12 production, and promoted lymphocyte proliferation in co-culture assays. No infectious progeny was detected in lymph cells following exposure to infectious virus, although expression of the non-structural protein 3ABC was observed in ALDCs exposed to infectious A2001. These findings provide insight into how antigen form and serotype modulate dendritic cell function in cattle, contributing to a better understanding of the immunological basis for FMDV vaccination strategies in livestock.

PMID 43011353
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PubMedFrontiers in public health2026-11-11

Study on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection and immune responses following the third booster dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in hematologic disease patients.

Zhang Haiying H, Wang Xin X, Zhang Runling R, Liu Feng F et al.

Patients with hematologic diseases may have impaired immunity owing to their underlying diseases and immunosuppressive treatments. Evidence on documented SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR outcomes and responses to inactivated COVID-19 vaccines remains limited. This retrospective study analyzed three independently identified populations: 20,813 individuals tested by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, 2,438 tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, and 1,946 adults tested after two or three vaccine doses. Intervals to documented RT-PCR negativity were analyzed only among positive individuals with subsequent negative results. Vaccination analyses were adjusted for age, sex, testing interval, and disease group. Monthly comparisons were cross-sectional. Serial antibody measurements were analyzed separately. Recorded RT-PCR positivity was lower among tested individuals with hematologic diseases (4.77% vs. 10.74%; p < 0.001). Among 64/64 positive individuals with and 381/2,091 without hematologic diseases who had documented subsequent negative results, median intervals to negativity were 5.05 versus 3.99 days (difference, 1.06 days; 95% CI, 0.73-2.21; p < 0.001). Within the hematologic disease group, longer intervals were observed after prior immunosuppressive treatment (5.99 vs. 3.97 days); haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients had the longest descriptive median interval (6.97 days). In the separate IgG-testing population, positivity did not differ significantly (86.00% vs. 90.16%; p = 0.174). Three versus two doses were associated with higher neutralizing antibody (NAb) positivity (94.1% vs. 77.3%; adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.281; 95% CI, 1.232-1.332) and IgG positivity (97.2% vs. 83.4%; aPR, 1.229; 95% CI, 1.189-1.271). Among 20 paired participants, 19 had higher NAb levels after the third dose. Among three-dose recipients, NAb positivity was 25/32 (78.13%) with hematologic diseases, 36/42 (85.71%) with solid tumors, and 743/780 (95.26%) without documented hematologic disease or solid tumors (overall p < 0.001). Among RT-PCR-positive individuals with documented subsequent negativity, intervals were modestly longer with hematologic diseases. Within this group, median intervals were longer after immunosuppressive treatment, and longest among haploidentical allo-HSCT recipients. Differential availability of negative results warrants caution. Three inactivated vaccine doses were associated with higher NAb and IgG positivity overall. Among three-dose recipients, NAb positivity was lower with hematologic diseases than without documented hematologic disease or solid tumors.

PMID 43011357
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PubMedThe Journal of physiology2026-11-11

Acute intermittent carotid body stimulations induce long-term facilitation of respiratory-cardiovascular coupling in rats.

Linossier Ambre A AA, Gestreau Christian C, Menuet Clément C

Hypertension, the leading modifiable risk factor for global mortality, is driven in >50% of cases by neurogenic mechanisms linked to heightened sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). A hallmark of neurogenic hypertension is the exacerbation of respiratory-modulated SNA (RespSNA) and resulting blood pressure Traube-Hering (TH) waves, which emerges during the prehypertensive period and contributes to disease development. Carotid bodies (CBs), the peripheral chemoreceptors involved in the hypoxic response, are hyperactive in hypertensive patients and animal models. Their chronic intermittent stimulation, as seen in obstructive sleep apnoea, promotes hypertension characterised by exacerbated RespSNA and TH waves. Yet, their causal role in initiating these changes remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether acute intermittent CB stimulations could directly enhance RespSNA, TH waves and blood pressure from a physiological baseline, using the in situ working heart-brainstem preparation in rats. Four brief CB stimulations with sodium cyanide, mimicking acute intermittent hypoxia, were sufficient to induce a prolonged (>20 min) increase in both inspiratory and late expiratory RespSNA bursts, TH waves and perfusion pressure, with these effects being prevented by carotid sinus denervation. These changes were accompanied by a reconfiguration of central respiratory and cardiovascular control, including elevated respiratory heart rate variability and enhanced respiratory drive targeting upper airway and abdominal muscles. Our findings demonstrate that acute intermittent CB activation triggers sustained RespSNA and elevation of TH waves, supporting its potential role in development of hypertension. Our data also suggest that CBs play a key role in initiating this respiratory-cardiovascular plasticity and that central mechanisms might contribute to its long-term maintenance. KEY POINTS: Carotid body (CB) overactivity is implicated in sympathetic excitation and development of hypertension, but its direct role in initiating respiratory-cardiovascular dysfunction remains unresolved. We tested whether brief, repeated CB stimulations could trigger lasting changes in breathing and blood pressure control from a physiological baseline. In rats, only four stimulations induced a persistent increase in respiratory-modulated sympathetic activity, elevating blood pressure fluctuations (Traube-Hering waves) and mean blood pressure. These effects, prevented by carotid sinus denervation, were linked to enhanced respiratory-cardiovascular coupling and altered upper airway and abdominal motor control. Our findings reveal that short-term CB activation can induce long-term facilitation of respiratory-cardiovascular coupling, relevant to both physiological adaptations and hypertension pathogenesis.

PMID 43012411
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PubMedPlant communications2026-11-11

An Integrated Framework to Develop and Deliver Salt-Tolerant Rice Varieties for Coastal Ecologies.

Hussain Waseem W, Anumalla Mahender M, Catolos Margaret M, Ramos Joie J et al.

Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) is intrinsically salt-sensitive, with yield declining sharply once soil electrical conductivity (EC) exceeds ∼4 dS m-1. Although mechanistic understanding of salinity tolerance has advanced considerably, its translation into farmer-adopted varieties remains limited. Genetic gains in rice salinity breeding programs remain critically low, at 0.10-0.33% per year, far below the ≥1.5-2% annual rates required for meaningful varietal impact. Three constraints recur: a narrow donor base, an over-reliance on single-gene approaches to a polygenic trait, and phenotypic screening in controlled environments that correlates only modestly with field performance. Here we outline an integrated breeding strategy that combines realistic field-based phenotyping in saline hotspots, the Connected Breeding framework for systematic polygenic introgression, and the Transition from Trait to Environment (TTE) approach-using the target saline environment itself as the selection background to implement genomic selection alongside modern breeding tools as a pragmatic framework for developing the next generation of salinity-tolerant varieties. Using a stochastic breeding simulation in which grain yield is modelled as an additive polygenic trait-without salinity-specific tolerance, genotype-by-salinity interaction, or stage-specific effects-we show that CB sustains a higher late-horizon rate of genetic gain than closed-pool genomic selection while retaining 2.2 times more of the allelic diversity on which further gain depends. In the baseline comparison, which grants CB greater genotyping and phenotyping resources and immediate bridge-line availability, CB also finished the 60-year horizon +1.26 t ha-1 ahead (P < 0.0001); this cumulative-yield advantage was not retained once resource and time costs were equalised, whereas the rate and diversity effects persisted under every constraint tested. The simulation therefore addresses the population-genetic logic of CB rather than salinity tolerance itself, and it does not evaluate the TTE design, whose value must be established empirically. We then situate this framework within a Technology-Investment-Partnership-Scaling (TIPs) roadmap to translate improved genotypes into farmer-ready rice products. The approach is, in principle, transferable to other abiotic stresses and crops.

PMID 43010683
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PubMedFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026-11-11

Lyophilized pathogen-inactivated platelet lysate enriched hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering.

Boretti Gabriele G, Tiainen Hanna H, Marczak Anna A, Hamzehpour Helena H et al.

Platelet-derived products are increasingly investigated for cartilage regeneration because of their high content of bioactive factors. While rapid clearance after direct injection has been partly addressed by hydrogel encapsulation, many platelet-enriched hydrogels still rely on variably processed platelet derivatives, leaving challenges in standardization and storage stability. Here, we developed a gelatin-based hydrogel enriched with lyophilized, pathogen-inactivated human platelet lysate (L-PIPL) as an off-the-shelf platelet-derived reservoir for localized delivery of chondrogenic cues. L-PIPL was produced from expired pathogen-inactivated platelet units by freeze-thaw lysis and lyophilization, then incorporated into a gelatin-based hydrogel at 5, 10, and 15% (w/v). Composite hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), rheology, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF- β 1) release, and soluble protein analysis. Cytocompatibility and early chondrogenic response were assessed in extruded, crosslinked cell-laden constructs using C20A4 chondrocytes and adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs). L-PIPL preserved the core hydrogel chemistry while modulating microarchitecture and viscoelastic properties. Moderate enrichment, particularly 5%-10% (w/v), maintained gel-like behavior and cytocompatibility, whereas 15% L-PIPL reduced network stability and cell viability. Release of bioactive factors was dose-dependent, with an initial burst followed by slower release over time. In AD-MSC-laden constructs, L-PIPL increased metabolic activity, with the 10% formulation showing the highest activity, and the 5% formulation showing the most favorable early chondrogenic commitment. L-PIPL-enriched hydrogels provide a standardized, cytocompatible, and bioactive matrix for localized delivery of platelet-derived factors. Overall, 5% L-PIPL emerged as the most promising formulation for further development in cartilage tissue engineering.

PMID 43011283
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PubMedNPJ vaccines2026-11-11

A structure-guided trivalent subunit vaccine confers maternal protection to neonatal piglets against PEDV and PDCoV.

Liu Jia J, Chen Longping L, Li Dan D, Wang Zhuo Z et al.

Antigenic divergence among porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) genotypes and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) limits the cross-protection provided by current commercial vaccines. Here, employing a structure-guided antigen design strategy, we developed a trivalent subunit vaccine concurrently targeting PEDV G2a, PEDV G2b, and PDCoV. The vaccine antigen set comprises optimized spike ectodomain antigens, featuring stabilizing mutations, a heptad repeat 2 (HR2) deletion, a fused neutralizing epitope, and a flagellin adjuvant fused to the N-terminus. Formulated with MF59+CpG adjuvants, this trivalent vaccine elicited robust PEDV- and PDCoV-specific neutralizing antibody responses and Th1/Th2-associated cellular immune responses characterized by IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 production in mice. Immunization of pregnant sows with 300 μg dose induced high-titer IgG, IgA, and colostral secretory IgA (SIgA) against all three target viruses. Although neutralizing antibody titers were comparable between the 100 μg and 300 μg dose groups, the 300 μg group showed higher and more persistent levels of colostral binding IgG and SIgA. Following maternal immunization, piglets that acquired maternal antibodies through colostrum exhibited reduced clinical diarrhea, lower fecal viral RNA shedding, and less severe intestinal lesions after challenge with PEDV G2a, PEDV G2b, or PDCoV. These findings support this structure-guided trivalent subunit vaccine as a promising candidate for maternal immunization against co-circulating porcine enteric coronaviruses.

PMID 43009510
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