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polio vaccine

✓ Approved

Sanofi S.A · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is polio vaccine?

polio vaccine is a vaccine developed by Sanofi S.A. It is approved for therapeutic indications via unknown.

Drug Profile

CompanySanofi S.A
Drug ClassVaccine, Large Molecules
RouteUnknown
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Sanofi S.A

Therapeutic Indications

polio vaccine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresPolio immunisation✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of affective disorders2026-06-09

Symptom presentation of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress in 31 countries: the INTERSECT study.

Constantinou G G, Ayers S S, Webb R R, Handelzalts J J et al.

Childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD) is an important international health concern. Despite increasing recognition of the public health burden of CB-PTSD, little is known about how CB-PTSD symptoms present across different countries. This study examined cross-national differences in CB-PTSD symptom severity and presentation to inform culturally sensitive screening and intervention strategies. Data were drawn from the International Survey of Childbirth-Related Trauma (INTERSECT) cross-sectional survey of 11,302 women 6-12 weeks postpartum in 31 countries using a standard protocol. CB-PTSD symptoms were assessed using the City Birth Trauma Scale, measuring DSM-5 symptom components (re-experiencing, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, hyperarousal). Participants were mostly married, aged 30-34 years, with average household income, and higher education. CB-PTSD symptom severity varied substantially across countries, with the highest mean scores in Pakistan (M = 23.49, SD = 13.23) and lowest in Nigeria (M = 1.89, SD = 3.66). Despite these differences, symptom patterns were largely consistent across countries, with avoidance symptoms lowest and hyperarousal symptoms highest. Exceptions were observed in countries with particularly high symptom levels. Decision tree analysis identified avoidance symptoms (>3.1) as the strongest discriminator of CB-PTSD cases vs non-cases (F(1,11,204) = 4820.54, p = .000), followed by negative cognitions and mood (>10; F(1,716) = 143.69, p = .000). While CB-PTSD severity varies internationally, symptom presentation is largely consistent, supporting its relevance as an international construct. Avoidance symptoms were the least commonly endorsed yet the most discriminative for identifying CB-PTSD in decision tree analyses, suggesting they may serve as a useful clinical flag for women who warrant more detailed assessment. Variations in symptom expression in countries with high levels of symptoms highlight the importance of culturally sensitive approaches to screening and assessment.

PMID 42259491
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PubMedChinese medicine2026-06-09

Calculus Bovis ameliorates primary sclerosing cholangitis via a dual-pronged mechanism restoring bile acid and lipid homeostasis in the gut-liver axis.

Gong Xuepeng X, Chen Yufei Y, Zhao Tinghui T, Li Ninghong N et al.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive cholestatic liver disease lacking FDA-approved therapy. Calculus Bovis (CB), a traditional medicine derived from animal gallstones, has been historically used for treating hepatobiliary diseases, but its therapeutic potential and mechanisms in PSC remain unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of CB in an experimental PSC model and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. A PSC mouse model was induced by a 0.1% 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet for 4 weeks. Mice were treated with CB (50,100, 150 mg/kg/day) or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 100 mg/kg/day). Liver injury, fibrosis, intestinal barrier integrity, bile acid (BA) profiles, and lipid levels were assessed. Hepatic and intestinal gene/protein expression related to BA and lipid metabolism was analyzed. Integrated transcriptomics, network pharmacology, and in vitro serum pharmacology were employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. CB administration significantly alleviated liver injury, fibrosis, and intestinal barrier damage in DDC-induced mice. It restored BA homeostasis across the gut-liver axis, normalizing aberrant BA profiles in serum and liver while increasing BA excretion in feces. CB also ameliorated dyslipidemia, reducing hepatic and serum lipid levels. Mechanistically, CB and its bioactive BA components exerted their effects through a dual-pronged mechanism: (1) activation of the SIRT1-PGC-1α axis to transcriptionally upregulate the expression of nuclear receptors FXR and PPARα in the liver and intestine, and (2) direct ligand-dependent activation of FXR and PPARα protein functions. This concerted activation enhanced the transcription of genes involved in BA detoxification, transport, and fatty acid β-oxidation. Inhibition of SIRT1 or antagonism of FXR/PPARα attenuated these protective effects in vitro. CB attenuates experimental PSC by modulating BA and lipid homeostasis via the gut-liver axis, mediated through a novel dual mechanism involving SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway activation and direct receptor agonism. These findings not only highlight CB as a promising multi-target agent for PSC treatment, but also provide novel insights into the therapeutic modulation of metabolism in the gut-liver axis.

PMID 42260527
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PubMedScientific reports2026-06-09

The effect of Covid-19 vaccines on semen parameters of patients undergoing infertility investigations: a self-controlled before-and-after study.

Hadj Said Sana Ben SB, Sallem Amira A, Boussabbeh Manel M, Dhaoui Amira A et al.

COVID-19 vaccination faced significant hesitancy among adolescents and men of reproductive age due to concerns regarding its potential impact on male fertility. This study aimed to compare semen parameters before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We conducted a self-controlled before-and-after study that included patients referred to the Reproductive Biology Department of Monastir for semen analysis within a 3-month interval before (T1) and after (T2) COVID-19 vaccination. Patients who underwent medical or surgical treatment that could influence sperm parameters between the two compared semen analyses were excluded. Sperm parameters were analyzed by the same trained technician and interpreted according to the 2021 WHO guidelines. The study included 48 patients with a mean age of 40.4 ± 7.7 years. A total of 22 patients received an mRNA vaccine, 15 patients received a viral vector vaccine, and 6 patients received an inactivated vaccine. Viability (p = 1), progressive motility (p = 0.240), total motility (p = 0.762), and sperm morphology (p = 1) were similar before and after vaccination. We observed a decrease in semen pH (p = 0.012), and an increase in sperm concentration (p = 0.026) after vaccination. Analysis of the different vaccine subgroups showed no alteration in sperm parameters. According to WHO criteria, qualitative analysis revealed no clinically meaningful alterations in all semen parameters (p > 0.05). The results of this study support semen parameters stability after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and provide a starting point for reassuring adolescents and men seeking fertility regarding their reproductive potential after vaccination.

PMID 42260046
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PubMedHealth promotion international2026-06-09

Attitudes to mandatory COVID-19 vaccination in early life: findings from the multi-country cross-sectional CANDOUR study.

Porter Georgia G, Roope Laurence S J LSJ, Violato Mara M, Duch Raymond R et al.

We examined variation in attitude toward mandatory COVID-19 vaccination in early life by sociodemographic characteristics, personal COVID-19 experience, health risk attitude, political ideology, and other COVID-19 vaccine mandate attitudes. For this purpose, we used data from 19 928 participants from 16 countries surveyed in March-November 2022 for the second wave of the COVID-19 vaccine preference and opinion survey (CANDOUR). Analyses were adjusted for poststratification weighting. Participants who disagreed with early life mandatory COVID-19 vaccination were more likely to decline vaccination against COVID-19 (14.5%) compared with those who were neutral (1.8%) and those who agreed (0.5%). Disagreement with early life mandatory vaccination was associated with more unwillingness to take risks with their own health, being centre or left-wing on the left-right political spectrum, believing COVID-19 vaccination should be a personal choice, and being opposed to vaccine mandates for schoolchildren and the public. Neutrality or agreement with early life mandatory vaccination was associated with neutrality or agreement with a vaccine mandate for schoolchildren or a governmental COVID-19 vaccine mandate for everybody. Pandemic preparedness governance needs to focus on attitudes toward vaccine mandates. Further research and commitment by governments at various levels are needed to identify social, cultural, and system-level factors that could inform vaccination strategies to be implemented for the next pandemic.

PMID 42262063
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PubMedTropical medicine and health2026-06-09

Persistence and booster response of rabies antibodies among health care workers with multiple vaccinations.

Castellano Mark Joseph MJ, Sornillo Johanna Beulah JB, Saito Nobuo N, Nishizono Akira A et al.

Rabies is a fatal but vaccine-preventable disease. Health care workers (HCWs) in endemic areas may receive repeated rabies vaccination because of occupational exposure, yet data on long-term antibody persistence and booster response after multiple prior vaccine regimens remain limited. This study aimed to determine the rabies antibody profile of HCWs previously vaccinated with rabies vaccine. We analyzed 126 HCWs from the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) and Muntinlupa Animal Bite Treatment Centers (ABTCs) in the Philippines. Vaccination records were reviewed, and booster doses consisting of 0.1 mL purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) were administered intradermally on days 0 and 3. Pre- and post-booster rabies antibody levels were measured using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT). All HCWs vaccinated within the previous year retained pre-booster antibody titers ≥ 0.5 IU/mL. Participants who had received three or more prior rabies vaccine regimens also maintained protective pre-booster antibody levels within 3-5 years after the last vaccination. After booster administration, all participants achieved antibody titers above the protective threshold ≥ 0.5 IU/mL, regardless of prior vaccination history or time since last vaccination. Repeated rabies vaccination was linked to sustained antibody persistence, while previous vaccination history was associated with preserved booster responsiveness among HCWs. These findings suggest that, in addition to time since last vaccination, the number of prior rabies vaccine regimens may help inform about the persistence of protective antibody levels in previously immunized individuals.

PMID 42260595
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PubMedSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2026-06-09

Radioanatomical relationships of the carotid arteries to the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage.

Karangeli Nektaria N, Triantafyllou George G, Papadopoulos-Manolarakis Panagiotis P, Arkoudis Nikolaos-Achilleas NA et al.

The carotid arteries demonstrate variable relationships with adjacent laryngeal structures. Although thyroid cartilage (TC) is commonly used as a surgical landmark, the relationship between the carotid arteries and the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage (SCTC) remains insufficiently quantified. Previous clinical reports have suggested that close proximity between the vessel and cartilage may have anatomical significance in selected cases of vascular compression. This study aimed to evaluate these relationships and propose a classification system. A retrospective analysis of 214 head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans (153 males, 61 females; mean age 63.07 years) was performed. The level of the carotid bifurcation (CB) relative to the SCTC, spatial relationships, and minimum distances between vessels and the SCTC were recorded. SCTC morphology, length, and angulation were also assessed. The CB was suprathyroid in 89% of sides and infrathyroid in 11%. The CCA was lateral to the SCTC in 73.4% of sides, whereas the ECA and ICA were lateral in 19.6% and 11%, respectively. Medial configurations were uncommon. Mean distances increased from the CCA (2.33 ± 1.82 mm) to the ECA (4.38 ± 3.07 mm) and ICA (6.18 ± 3.67 mm). SCTC length demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with ECA distance (R = 0.401), while coronal angulation showed weak negative correlations with ECA and ICA distances. Eleven relationship types were identified, with Type 1 (CCA lateral) representing the predominant configuration (64.5%). A consistent proximity pattern was observed, with the CCA located closest to the SCTC, followed by the ECA and ICA. SCTC morphology modestly contributed to carotid artery positioning. The proposed classification system captures the variability of these anatomical relationships and may facilitate standardized radiological description and preoperative anatomical assessment. Further studies incorporating dynamic imaging and clinical correlation are required to determine the potential pathological significance of these configurations.

PMID 42262407
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