Drug Database
IB

ibuprofen (Ibuprof von CT 2% / Ibuprof von CT / Ibupan)

✓ Approved

Adare Pharma Solutions · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is ibuprofen?

ibuprofen is a small molecule developed by Adare Pharma Solutions. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesIbuprof von CT 2%, Ibuprof von CT, Ibupan
CompanyAdare Pharma Solutions
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Adare Pharma Solutions

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

ibuprofen acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

ibuprofen is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Gastrointestinal disordersAbdominal pain✓ Approved
Hepatobiliary disordersHepatitis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedCatheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions2026-11-11

Closed-Needle Abdominal Micro-Suction Fat Embolization for Distal Coronary Perforation.

Tzortzis Stavros S, Zoumbouli Christina C, Triantis Georgios G

Distal coronary artery perforation (CAP) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is traditionally managed with embolic coils or autologous fat. However, fat embolization can be technically demanding due to complex tissue harvesting and delivery. We describe a closed-needle lower abdominal micro-suction technique enabling rapid percutaneous harvesting and direct microcatheter delivery of an autologous fat suspension without benchtop processing. An 18-gauge angiographic needle attached to a syringe pre-loaded with 2-3 mL of a 1:1 contrast-saline mixture is inserted into lower abdominal subcutaneous tissue under continuous manual negative pressure, aspirating 1-2 mL of fat-containing tissue fragments within ~10 s (total final volume ~3.5-5 mL). The resulting radiopaque suspension is delivered directly through a microcatheter using an inverted-syringe technique via small, incremental hand boluses of 0.25-0.5 mL until complete sealing is achieved. Descriptive histology confirmed mature adipose tissue fragments admixed with blood, fibrin, and clot. The technique was successfully deployed in two consecutive patients with Ellis type II and III distal CAP. Immediate angiographic sealing was achieved in both cases without open tissue processing or syringe-to-syringe transfer. At 6-month follow-up, both patients remained clinically stable without recurrent pericardial effusion or target-vessel failure. Closed-needle abdominal micro-suction is a rapid, low-resource, zero-transfer bailout technique for autologous fat embolization in high-acuity distal CAPs.

PMID 43010631
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PubMedEuropean journal of case reports in internal medicine2026-11-11

Triple-Positive Antiphospholipid Syndrome with Splenic Infarction Triggered by Tocilizumab Withdrawal in A High-Titer ACPA-Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient: An Unmasking Storm of Polyautoimmunity.

Coviello Francesco Elios FE, Rotondo Cinzia C, D'Onofrio Francesca F, Barile Raffaele R et al.

We describe the occurrence of an uncommon thrombotic event, namely splenic infarction, as the onset of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) after temporary suspension of anti-IL-6 treatment in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A 53-year-old patient with anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor-positive RA, previously showing transient positivity for immunoglobulin (Ig)G anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant (LAC), refractory to multiple biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α agents, and rituximab, had been treated with tocilizumab since 2013 with good clinical response. After temporary suspension of tocilizumab for minor orthopaedic surgery complicated by skin abscess, he developed acute abdominal pain and computed tomography evidence of splenic infarction. Laboratory evaluation revealed elevated inflammatory markers and triple positivity for LAC, aCL IgG, and aB2GPI IgG, leading to the diagnosis of APS. Treatment with warfarin, methotrexate, and baricitinib resulted in stable disease control without recurrent thrombotic events. Clinical stability in RA is a delicate balance between control of inflammation and avoidance of medication toxicity, especially in patients with high thrombotic risk and previous antiphospholipid positivity. Temporary withdrawal of biologic therapy may induce immunological rebound and thrombotic complications. This case highlights the importance of thrombotic risk stratification and multidisciplinary management when biologic therapies are suspended. Tocilizumab may act as a suppressor of autoreactive B-cell clones producing antiphospholipid antibodies.A high anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) titer may be associated with an increased risk of developing autoantibody storm with possible prothrombotic complications in rheumatoid arthritis, such as antiphospholipid syndrome.In case of surgical interventions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) it is important to evaluate the stratification of thrombotic risk with multidisciplinary discussion before suspending therapy.

PMID 43011674
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PubMedCommunications biology2026-11-11

Exceptional preservation reveals the deep-time reproductive ecology and trophic breadth of Early Cretaceous viviparid gastropods.

Yoshimura Taro T, Nakayama Kentaro K, Asato Kaito K, Noda Yoshikazu Y et al.

Direct empirical evidence regarding the reproductive biology and trophic strategies of ancient freshwater invertebrates remains scarce due to the typical loss of internal anatomical and dietary records. Here, we report an exceptionally preserved assemblage of the freshwater snail 'Viviparus' sp. from the Lower Cretaceous (c. 120 Ma) Kitadani Formation, central Japan. High-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography and microfossil extraction reveal key ecological adaptations: obligate ovoviviparity with up to 16 embryonic shells showing an axial developmental size gradient within the maternal body whorl, female-biased sexual size dimorphism, and continuous indeterminate growth. Analyses of gastrointestinal residues and taphonomic associations further indicate trophic flexibility (epilithic microalgal grazing, suspension feeding, and detritivory) alongside opportunistic microhabitat use within articulated unionid bivalves. This high-fidelity preservation-retaining delicate embryonic shells, intact protoconchs, and organic residues-is linked to a distinctive taphonomic window, wherein alkaline ash from palaeo-wildfires is inferred to have buffered ambient freshwater acidity, mitigating post-mortem carbonate dissolution. Our findings demonstrate that modern-type viviparid reproductive and feeding adaptations were already established by the Early Cretaceous, illustrating how wildfire-mediated geochemical buffering can preserve rare biological records in Mesozoic limnic ecosystems.

PMID 43009526
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PubMedZhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology2026-11-11

[Efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis in rats].

DU Haiyan H, Zhang Kun K, Zhang Qin Q, Li Linghui L et al.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) for the treatment of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) model rats. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four experimental subgroups: control, model, tamsulosin, and hUCMSC, with eight animals allocated to each group. CNP models were induced in all subgroups, except the control. After 28 days of modeling, the hUCMSC group was injected weekly with 1×106 cells/kg P5 hUCMSC cell suspension by tail vein for 4 weeks. In the control and model groups, equivalent volumes of normal saline were administered via injection. And the tamsulosin group was given daily gavage of 0.022 mg/kg tamsulosin solution for 28 days. After 4 weeks of treatment, the basic indexes including body weight, intake and water intake, and prostate index were analyzed in each group, HE staining was performed to characterize the histopathological features of the prostate. The levels of serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 in rats were detected by ELISA. qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in prostate tissues. And Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway. Results At the end of treatment, compared with the model group, the body weight and water intake of the rats in the tamsulosin group and hUCMSC group increased significantly (P<0.05). There was a significant decline in prostate indexes and prostate wet weight (P<0.01). And interstitial inflammatory cells in prostate tissues were reduced. The levels of serum TNF-α and IL-1β and the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA in prostate tissues were significantly reduced (P<0.01). An opposite tendency was observed in IL-10 levels (P<0.01). p-IκBα/IκBα and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 ratios were significantly reduced (P<0.01). Conclusion hUCMSC improve the pathological state of rat prostate, inhibit the overexpression of pro-inflammatory factors, down-regulate the phosphorylation level of NF-κB signaling pathway, and alleviate the inflammatory response in CNP rats.

PMID 43012244
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PubMedJAMA network open2026-11-10

Ibuprofen Use and Acute Kidney Injury Among Adults Admitted to the Hospital.

Thelen Haedi E HE, Keele Luke J LJ, Brotman Christina C, Shashaty Michael G S MGS et al.

Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most effective nonopioid analgesics for acute pain, they may be underused in the inpatient setting due to uncertainty regarding the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Whether inpatient exposure to NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, substantially increases AKI risk and how ibuprofen-associated AKI varies across patient subgroups remain unknown. To determine whether ibuprofen use is associated with AKI in hospitalized patients and whether the finding varies across AKI risk factor subgroups. A retrospective active-comparator cohort study of hospitalized patients (aged ≥18 years) without end-stage kidney disease or contraindications to NSAID treatment admitted from January 1, 2004, to June 30, 2017, in a large academic health system including 3 hospitals in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with follow-up until 48 hours after treatment end, hospital discharge, or 14 days elapsed, whichever occurred first. Analyses were conducted from March 2023 through August 2026. At least 24 hours of treatment with ibuprofen or oxycodone for acute pain. The primary outcome was AKI, defined by changes in serum creatinine and incident kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Balancing weights were used to adjust for baseline covariates and weighted Poisson regression used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs. This study included 78 656 patients (median age, 59 [IQR, 47-69] years; 38 092 females [48%]) treated with ibuprofen (n = 6313) or oxycodone (n = 72 343). There were 4799 AKI events (79% stage 1) during 270 472 days of follow-up (17.7 events per 1000 days). After adjustment for baseline differences, patients treated with ibuprofen had a higher rate of any AKI (IRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.38), severe AKI (IRR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.08-1.72), and KRT (IRR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.35-8.03). IRRs were greater in postoperative (IRR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.28-2.27] vs 1.12 [95% CI, 0.98-1.28]) and critically ill (IRR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.29-2.11] vs 1.16 [95% CI, 1.02-1.33]) patients. In patients at low risk (those non-critically ill, nonpostoperative, aged <60 years without kidney dysfunction; ibuprofen, n = 2966; oxycodone, n = 20 440), ibuprofen was not associated with higher AKI risk (IRR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.75-1.18). This study in an inpatient cohort found that ibuprofen was associated with higher rates of AKI and KRT, but this excess risk was concentrated in patients at high risk. Patients at low risk may be able to receive ibuprofen safely yet were often prescribed oxycodone.

PMID 43007674
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PubMedInternational journal of pharmaceutics2026-11-10

Dissolution coning in USP apparatus II - Part I: quantifying formulation-dependent coning severity with the drug entrapment fraction (DEF).

Bhat Roopal R, Kossor Christopher C, Tripathi Siddharth S, Bao Quanying Q et al.

Dissolution coning is the accumulation of disintegrated particles beneath the paddle in USP Apparatus II that can confound dissolution interpretation due to drug retention within the deposit. Visual qualitative observations or hydrodynamic suspension criteria, such as no-coning rpm (NCrpm), do not measure the impact of coning on drug release. Hence, coning behavior across different tablet formulations is examined in Part I with an intent to propose a quantitative metric to classify its severity. Immediate-release ibuprofen (BCS Class II) tablets formulated with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC; Avicel pH 102) or three grades of dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous (Fujicalin, A-Tab, Calipharm A) at drug loadings (DL) of 20, 50, and 70% w/w were considered. Distinct dissolution responses were observed, ranging from complete release despite cones for MCC to substantial drug entrapment (Fujicalin < A-Tab < Calipharm A), even with comparable or lower NCrpm. Coning severity could not be explained by particle size or terminal settling velocity. Consequently, the extent of incomplete dissolution characterized as drug entrapment fraction (DEF) was used for the first time as a quantitative metric to quantify coning severity. DEF enabled linking cone formation with dissolution performance, providing a formulation-relevant measure of coning severity. It exhibited distinct trends among the excipient systems and increased as the drug: filler ratio decreased. This trend was qualitatively consistent with visible cone and surrounding zone structure where higher-DEF formulations exhibited more compact clearly defined cones. Overall, DEF is demonstrated as a quantitative metric to distinguish formulation dependent coning behavior and severity.

PMID 43008959
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