Drug Database
IB

ibuprofen (Ibuprof von CT 2% / Ibuprof von CT / Ibupan)

✓ Approved

Adare Pharma Solutions · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is ibuprofen?

ibuprofen is a small molecule developed by Adare Pharma Solutions. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesIbuprof von CT 2%, Ibuprof von CT, Ibupan
CompanyAdare Pharma Solutions
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Adare Pharma Solutions

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

ibuprofen acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

ibuprofen is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Gastrointestinal disordersAbdominal pain✓ Approved
Hepatobiliary disordersHepatitis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJAMA network open2026-06-09

Pharmacologic Therapies for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Preterm Infants.

Mitra Souvik S, Jain Amish A, Ting Joseph Y JY, Ben Fadel Nadya N et al.

Wide variation exists in patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment practices in extremely preterm infants (defined in this study as born before 29 weeks' gestation). Commonly used treatment strategies include use of standard-dose and adjustable-dose ibuprofen, indomethacin, and acetaminophen as well as nonpharmacological conservative management. To compare the relative effectiveness of different PDA pharmacotherapeutic regimens in extremely preterm infants, and to compare the clinical outcomes between infants who were treated with pharmacotherapy and those who received no pharmacotherapy (conservatively managed). This comparative effectiveness research study using clinical data from 19 tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Canada, which are part of the Canadian Neonatal Network, was conducted between January 1, 2020, and July 31, 2023. Infants born before 29 weeks' gestation with echocardiography-confirmed, predominantly left-right shunting, moderate- to large-sized (diameter: ≥1.5 mm) PDA were included. Infants who received PDA treatment based solely on clinical diagnosis without echocardiographic confirmation or underwent primary procedural closure were excluded. Prior to study initiation, each NICU self-selected 1 of the following 4 predefined interventions as their primary pharmacotherapy regimen: standard-dose ibuprofen, adjustable-dose ibuprofen, indomethacin, and acetaminophen. Data analyses were conducted from May 9, 2024, to February 23, 2026. Primary PDA pharmacotherapy using 1 of the following regimens: standard-dose ibuprofen, adjustable-dose ibuprofen, indomethacin, and acetaminophen. The primary outcome was failure of primary pharmacotherapy, defined as the need for additional medical and/or procedural PDA treatment. The secondary outcomes included repeat pharmacotherapy course, surgical or interventional PDA closure, predischarge mortality, moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), stage 2 or higher necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and definite sepsis. A total of 1356 infants (mean [SD] gestational age [GA], 25.4 [1.6] weeks; mean [SD] birth weight, 828 [228] g; 746 males [55.0%]) were included, of whom 1097 (80.9%) received PDA pharmacotherapy and 259 (19.1%) did not. Among the participating NICUs, 7 selected standard-dose ibuprofen, 8 selected adjustable-dose ibuprofen, 1 selected indomethacin, and 3 selected acetaminophen as their primary pharmacotherapy. There was 28.1% (308 of 1097) protocol deviation, 75.0% of which was attributable to the use of acetaminophen by sites that did not intend to use acetaminophen. Among infants who received treatment, 464 (42.3%) experienced failure of the primary pharmacotherapy, and 456 (41.6%) received repeat pharmacotherapy course. There were no differences between the 4 treatment regimens in failure of primary pharmacotherapy after adjustment for confounders and accounting for clustering within each site. Compared with infants who received no pharmacotherapy, treated infants had higher odds of moderate to severe BPD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.91; 95% CI, 1.12-3.25) and NEC (AOR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.55-2.99) but lower odds of mortality (AOR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.21-0.58). In this comparative effectiveness research study, the rate of PDA pharmacotherapy failure was high among extremely preterm infants, with no observed differences in effectiveness between commonly used pharmacotherapy regimens. Compared with conservative management, pharmacotherapy was associated with lower mortality and higher BPD and NEC odds; however, confounding by contraindication and survival bias cannot be ruled out.

PMID 42262753
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PubMedCureus2026-06-09

Perioperative Pain Management Strategies and Postoperative Outcomes in Tonsillectomy Patients Aged Seven to 14 Years: A Single-Center Study.

Amjad Afnan A

Background Tonsillectomy is a common pediatric procedure requiring effective perioperative pain management to minimize complications and promote recovery. In resource-limited settings, standardized protocols are often challenged by infrastructural constraints and variable adherence to multimodal analgesia guidelines, risking suboptimal pain control and delayed discharge. Objective To evaluate a standardized acetaminophen-based pain management protocol and its impact on postoperative outcomes in children aged seven to 14 years undergoing tonsillectomy at the Lady Reading Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, between October 2024 and July 2025. Data from 99 consecutively enrolled patients were collected using a structured proforma, capturing demographics, perioperative medications, pain scores (Numeric Rating Scale 0-10 or Wong-Baker Faces scale), discharge status, oral intake tolerance, and pain at discharge. The analgesic protocol was primarily acetaminophen-based. Patients received intraoperative acetaminophen, with ibuprofen administered postoperatively as needed for breakthrough pain. A single dose of tramadol was given at induction as part of the standard anesthesia protocol. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Ethical approval was obtained from the hospital research committee. Results All 99 patients (100%) received uniform intra-/post-operative acetaminophen (15 mg/kg). Adjunct ibuprofen, as rescue analgesia (PRN), was administered to only six out 99 (6.1%) of patients, whose pain did not subside. Postoperative pain scores revealed that 73.7% (73/99) of the patients reported mild pain (score=3 on the 0-10 pain scale), while 20.2% (20/99) of the patients reported moderate pain (score=5 on the 0-10 pain scale), with the latter predominantly observed in younger children (seven to nine years). All patients 99/99 (100%) tolerated cold liquids orally. Although no patient (0/99) reported pain at discharge (assessed as a binary Yes/No field by nursing staff at time of discharge; not a formal repeated pain score), while 73.7% (73/99) were discharged home after 24 hours, with retention rates peaking among 26/99 (26.3%) patients aged 11-year-olds. Conclusion A standardized perioperative acetaminophen-based monotherapy was associated with generally low pain scores and favorable recovery outcomes, including high rates of oral intake tolerance and minimal pain at discharge in this cohort. However, a proportion of patients still experienced moderate pain, which may be related to the limited use of ibuprofen. Given the observational design and absence of a control group, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Further controlled studies are needed to compare analgesic strategies and to determine the optimal role of adjuncts such as ibuprofen and age-specific dosing. Additionally, system-level factors influencing timely discharge warrant further investigation.

PMID 42261522
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PubMedAnnals of African medicine2026-06-09

Opioid-free Postoperative Pain Management in Pediatric Upper Limb Fracture Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study.

Subrahmanya Karthik K, Kadambila Vishwas V, Rao Shravya Shrinivas SS, Jacob John Joe JJ

Postoperative pain management in pediatric fracture surgery is challenging. Opioid analgesics, conventionally used for moderate-to-severe pain, are associated with significant adverse effects in children, including respiratory depression, nausea, and sedation. Growing emphasis on opioid stewardship has increased interest in opioid-free strategies; however, real-world data in pediatric orthopedic trauma remain limited. The objective is to evaluate postoperative pain outcomes and analgesic requirements in children undergoing upper limb fracture surgery managed with a standardized opioid-free protocol. This prospective observational study included children aged 5-18 years who underwent closed reduction and internal fixation of upper limb fractures between January and December 2025. All patients received scheduled postoperative acetaminophen. Ibuprofen was permitted only as rescue analgesia for persistent moderate pain. Pain intensity was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) on postoperative days (POD) 1, 2, and 3. Analgesic requirements, hospital stay, and adverse events were recorded. Fifty patients were included (30 males, 20 females; mean age 11.2 ± 2.8 years). Mean NRS scores decreased significantly from POD 1 (4.02 ± 0.96) to POD 2 (2.78 ± 0.88) and POD 3 (1.64 ± 0.82) (P < 0.001). Rescue ibuprofen was required in six patients (12%). No patient required opioids, and no analgesic-related adverse events were observed. An acetaminophen-centered, opioid-free protocol provided effective pain control following pediatric upper limb fracture surgery and markedly reduced the need for additional analgesia. These findings support the feasibility and safety of opioid-free management in pediatric orthopedic trauma.

PMID 42262342
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PubMedAesthetic plastic surgery2026-06-09

Transconjunctival Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty with Orbital Fat Repositioning and Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Suspension.

Li Dan D, Liu Wentao W, Shen Xiao X

To evaluate the therapeutic effect of transconjunctival orbital fat repositioning and orbicularis oculi muscle plication and suspension surgery in patients with lower eyelid aging characterized by lower eyelid bags and tear trough deformities without significant skin laxity. This study enrolled patients with lower eyelid bags and tear trough deformities. All patients underwent orbital fat repositioning and orbicularis oculi muscle plication and suspension using a transconjunctival approach. Surgical outcomes were assessed based on surgery duration, pain scores, Allergan grading, and patient satisfaction. Additionally, soft tissue changes were evaluated using ultrasonographic imaging. A total of 40 patients were included in this study. Surgical duration ranged from 28 to 49 min, with intraoperative pain scores between 2 and 4. Ultrasonographic assessment revealed that soft tissue thickness between the skin and the infraorbital rim reached the maximum at 5 days postoperatively, gradually decreasing over time. At 6 months postoperatively, soft tissue thickness remained significantly greater than preoperative levels (P < 0.05). Age group analysis revealed that the 30-40-year-old group exhibited the greatest difference in Allergan scores between postoperative and preoperative periods (P < 0.05). Patient satisfaction 6 months postoperatively was 96.6%. Transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty with orbital fat repositioning and orbicularis oculi muscle suspension is an effective surgical approach for correcting lower eyelid bags and tear trough deformities in young and middle-aged patients without significant skin laxity. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

PMID 42260144
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PubMedVirus research2026-06-09

Toward in planta studies of persistent fungal viruses in a model plant.

Telengech Paul P, Hisano Sakae S, Favaretto Francesco F, Ichikawa Hiroaki H et al.

A model plant, Nicotiana benthamiana, was examined as a host for persistent fungal viruses capable of crossing organismal kingdoms. Protoplasts of N. benthamiana were transfected with a mixture of virions of a betapartitivirus, Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 18 (RnPV18), and an alphapartitivirus, RnPV19, and were then subjected to plantlet regeneration. Primary RT-PCR-based screening showed that nearly 100% of the resulting calli tested positive for RnPV18, whereas approximately 90% were positive for RnPV19. However, secondary screening performed at a later stage of tissue culture revealed that only 6% of the calli retained RnPV19, whereas approximately 33% retained RnPV18. These results suggest that the calli were chimeric, consisting of virus-infected and virus-free sectors, and that the partitiviruses were progressively lost during callus maintenance. It is also possible that these fungal partitiviruses were unable to fully adapt to, or counteract, host defense responses sufficiently to establish stable infection. We succeeded in obtaining RnPV18-positive calli and suspension cultures that maintained the virus at detectable levels, as shown by northern blotting, after prolonged subculture for at least 9 months. High-throughput small RNA analyses revealed both similarities and differences in virus-derived small RNA profiles among protoplasts, calli, and suspension cultures. Viral genome analyses further revealed developmental stage-specific and stage-independent substitutions compared with the RnPV18 genomic sequence maintained in the original fungal host. Interestingly, a C-to-U mutation in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-encoding region of RnPV18 was detected much more frequently in a particular line, designated B21, than in another stably RnPV18-infected line, P8, irrespective of whether the virus was maintained in suspension cultures or calli. This may explain why virus accumulation in B21 calli and suspension cultures was much lower than that in P8 cell cultures, as RNA-seq analyses showed 159 K counts per million for P8 versus 44 K counts per million for B21. Taken together, this study provides a platform for investigating partitiviruses and other ubiquitous persistent viruses, which are generally difficult to inoculate experimentally.

PMID 42259393
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PubMedJournal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association2026-06-09

Reuse of the ReCell Enzyme Does Not Decrease the Density of Spray Cell Suspension While Significantly Reducing Costs.

Culnan Derek M DM, Gudeman Alexandria A, Coates Jay J, Blears Elizabeth E et al.

Spray Cell Suspension (SCS) represents a commonplace tool to augment skin grafting; however, the kit required to make the suspension is costly. We hypothesize that repeated use of SCS will result in similar cell counts and graft results while decreasing hospital charges. Our institution used the enzyme from one ReCell kit repeatedly while counting cell dosage and tracking clinical outcomes. Six patients ages 8-86 years, with TBSA 8-50% and Baux scores of 18-144 had 9 surgeries with SCS. All survived to discharge with 95% wound closure from 7-21 days after the first grafting (mode 7 days). Cell dosing was 20 716 +/- 2346 cells/cm2. This is 1/3829th the dose of cultured epidermal autograft (CEA). Linear regression demonstrated no decrease in cell density when preparing up to 14 biopsies of SCS with a positive slope, indicating further samples are feasible. Analysis of variance and Student's T-test of the first and last enzyme use per surgery found no significant differences. The only factor affecting cell counts was live feedback to surgical technologists preparing samples. Motivation of those performing the isolation had more effect than enzyme reuse, age, or number of surgeries. This modification prevented the hospital from purchasing 19 ReCell kits, saving approximately $130 625 in 1 month. Our results show one enzyme can be used at least 7 times without a decrease in cell yield or compromise of clinical outcome, demonstrating repeated use of SCS is a cost effective, safe and feasible option to augment skin grafting.

PMID 42261663
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