Drug Database
BE

betamethasone dipropionate (DFD01 / DFD 01 / Sernivo)

✓ Approved

Encore Dermatology, Inc. · Steroids · Steroids

What is betamethasone dipropionate?

betamethasone dipropionate is a steroids developed by Encore Dermatology, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesDFD01, DFD 01, Sernivo
CompanyEncore Dermatology, Inc.
Drug ClassSteroids, Small Molecule
RouteTopical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Encore Dermatology, Inc.

Therapeutic Indications

betamethasone dipropionate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersPsoriasis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedCureus2026-09-19

Incidence and Time to Onset of Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema (Irvine-Gass Syndrome) After 1,325 Consecutive Cataract Surgeries Performed by a Single Surgeon Over Four Years.

Matsuo Toshihiko T, Nakago-Matsuo Chie C

Objectives Macular edema after cataract surgery is known as pseudophakic cystoid macular edema or Irvine-Gass syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and time to onset of cystoid macular edema after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Methods  A retrospective review was conducted of 1,325 consecutive cataract surgeries performed by a single surgeon at a single institution over four years, from January 2022 to December 2025. Results Among 1,325 eyes, one or more macular cysts were detected by optical coherence tomography in 27 eyes (2.0%) of 22 patients who complained of blurred vision or decreased visual acuity after having no symptoms immediately after surgery. The 22 patients (27 eyes: 12 right and 15 left) comprised 12 men and 10 women. Their ages at the time of surgery ranged from 57 to 82 years, with a median of 75.5 years. Of the 27 eyes that developed macular cysts, 13 eyes with no preoperative or intraoperative risk factors for inflammation received topical 0.1% bromfenac twice daily as the only postoperative anti-inflammatory treatment, together with topical antibacterial 0.5% moxifloxacin four times daily. In contrast, the remaining 14 eyes, which had risk factors for inflammation, such as exfoliation, floppy iris, poor mydriasis, extracapsular cataract extraction, or diabetes mellitus, received topical bromfenac twice daily and 0.1% betamethasone (or 0.1% fluorometholone in two eyes) four times daily, as well as topical moxifloxacin. The time from surgery to the diagnosis of macular cysts ranged from one week to eight months, with a median of two weeks, in the 13 eyes treated with topical bromfenac only. In the 14 eyes treated with the combination of topical bromfenac and betamethasone, the time to diagnosis ranged from two weeks to 13 months, with a median of two months. In 26 of the 27 eyes, the macular cysts disappeared and visual acuity returned to normal without residual symptoms within two weeks to seven months, with a median of one month, after topical betamethasone four times daily was initiated or resumed. Conclusions  Pseudophakic macular cysts developed during the postoperative course in eyes with no preoperative or intraoperative risk factors that received topical bromfenac alone. They also developed later in the postoperative course after the combination of topical bromfenac and betamethasone was discontinued in eyes with risk factors for inflammation. The macular cysts disappeared following the initiation or resumption of topical betamethasone, accompanied by recovery of visual acuity and resolution of symptoms.

PMID 42762026
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PubMedAnalytica chimica acta2026-09-19

Surfactant deep eutectic solvents for extraction and HPLC-PDA analysis of antipsoriatic drugs in spiked water and lipophilic topical matrices.

Alamir Samy G SG, Magdy Nancy N, Ibrahim Adel Ehab AE, Hussein Lobna A LA et al.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have garnered attention in various disciplines due to their unique properties. In this work, different surfactants were screened as hydrogen-bond acceptors in combination with structurally related phenols as hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs), and successful and unsuccessful pairings were discussed. Literature on successfully paired surfactants was also reviewed. Nevertheless, the screening results and reported classifications, together with the observed aqueous behavior and variable extraction performance across different matrices, prompted further investigation of composition-behavior relationships of these systems. Five surfactant-phenolic DESs were synthesized by mixing o-cresol (CRS) or catechol with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), or Brij35 at 75.0 °C for 30.0 min. Although more hydrophobic HBDs were used than in previous studies, the resulting DESs displayed transient aqueous dispersion after vortexing and subsequently re-separated on standing. Their viscosity (64.21-1389 mPa s) and conductivity (1.00-447.00 μS/cm) also varied. 1H/13C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated hydrogen bonding between phenolic hydroxyl groups and bromide/ether acceptors, with features suggesting π-cation association in cationic-surfactant systems. To probe their practicality, a high-performance liquid chromatography method with photodiode array detection was developed for betamethasone valerate, halobetasol propionate, fusidic acid, and tazarotene, achieving separation within 6 min, and compared with five reported chromatographic methods. Validation per the International Council for Harmonisation Q2 (R1) guidelines demonstrated linearity (R2 0.9997-0.9999), accuracy (98.2-102.4%), and precision (≤2.0%), with robustness evaluated through experimental design. Brij35-based systems showed reduced extraction recoveries for lipophilic topical formulations. After additional screening, CRSCTAB and CRSDTAB DESs were used with spiked water samples as a hydrophilic proof-of-concept matrix, employing salting-out-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction using ammonium acetate. The results suggest provisional amphiphilic-like rather than conventional hydrophobic-DES behavior; however, thermal phase diagrams, equilibrium water-solubility measurements, and broader thermodynamic investigations remain necessary before any formal reclassification.

PMID 42763156
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PubMedTherapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease2026-09-18

Predictors of intramuscular glucocorticoid bridge therapy failure in rheumatoid arthritis: a real-world observational study.

Xie Wenhui W, Gao Dai D, Huang Hong H, Zhang Zhuoli Z

Intramuscular glucocorticoid (GCs) bridge therapy is an equivalently recommended bridging strategy to oral GCs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) under predefined tapering and discontinuation schemes. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of intramuscular GCs bridge therapy failure in RA. A retrospective analysis of collected data on RA patients initiating intramuscular betamethasone as bridging therapy. In this longitudinal real-world cohort study, 153 RA patients initiating intramuscular betamethasone as bridging therapy combined with csDMARDs (without concurrent biologics/JAK inhibitors) were included. Bridging strategy success under required: (1) GCs discontinuation within 3 months; (2) remission or low disease activity at discontinuation; (3) sustained control without short-term relapse post-discontinuation; (4) no transition to oral GCs and no initiation of b/tsDMARDs during the bridging period. Failure encompassed all other outcomes. Independent predictors were identified via multivariate logistic regression. Among 153 patients receiving intramuscular betamethasone as bridging therapy, 94 (61.4%) experienced bridge therapy failure versus 59 (38.6%) successes. The most common mode for bridging therapy failure was transition to oral GCs (n = 47). The failure group exhibited persistently higher disease activity over 12 months (p < 0.001). Disease activity at intramuscular GCs initiation was significantly elevated in the failure group (median Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI): 23.0 (14.8-34.0) vs 13.0 (8.0-22.0), p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed higher CDAI (OR = 1.05 per unit, 95% CI 1.02-1.10, p = 0.003) and concomitant leflunomide use at GCs initiation (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.22-6.25, p = 0.020) as independent failure predictors. High disease activity and concurrent leflunomide use at GCs initiation independently predict failure of intramuscular GCs bridge therapy in RA. Early risk stratification may optimize induction therapy selection and potentially improve bridge therapy success rates.

PMID 42756649
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PubMedBMC plant biology2026-09-18

Integrated light spectrum and growth regulators improved the growth of saffron daughter corms by regulating carbohydrate metabolism in a novel two-stage cropping system.

Eftekhari Mostafa M, Javid Majid Ghorbani MG, Gruda Nazim S NS

Saffron, a valuable spice and industrial crop used in food, pharma, and cosmetics, is propagated only vegetatively via corms due to triploid male sterility. Corms are the primary storage organs and determine both the yield and quality of daughter corms. However, the optimal growing conditions for producing large, heavy daughter corms remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects of light spectra and plant growth regulators on photosynthetic pigments, starch accumulation, and daughter corm production in a two-stage system, with reproductive growth occurring indoors followed by outdoor maturation. The plants were grown under four light spectra: white, red, blue, and a combination of half red and half blue. Two plant growth regulators, gibberellic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid, were applied during the reproductive stage of the plant. After flowering, the mother corms were directly transplanted to the field for the development of daughter corms. The combination of red and blue light with gamma-aminobutyric acid produced the heaviest daughter corms, reaching 8.7 g dry weight, and the highest starch accumulation in the corms reached 383 milligrams per gram fresh weight. Red and blue light combined with gibberellic acid increased the leaf starch concentration to 926 milligrams per gram of fresh weight. A higher pigment content and larger leaf area support greater photosynthetic performance, preserve carbohydrate reserves in mother corms, and ultimately favor the production of heavier daughter corms. These results provide practical insights for optimizing saffron propagation in controlled-environment and field systems, directly contributing to industrial-scale production and value chain efficiency. Future research should test dynamic light spectra and optimized regulatory strategies to refine corm development and strengthen commercial and industrial saffron production.

PMID 42754849
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PubMedDaru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences2026-09-16

Artificial intelligence-driven digital twins in Pharma 4.0: transforming smart manufacturing, predictive quality assurance, and personalized drug delivery.

Belkare Chetana Krushna CK, Daware Omkar Vishnu OV

The rapid advancement of Pharma 4.0 has accelerated the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), digital twins, and data-driven technologies into pharmaceutical research, manufacturing, and healthcare. This review aims to critically evaluate the role of AI-driven digital twins across the pharmaceutical lifecycle, with emphasis on smart manufacturing, predictive quality assurance, continuous manufacturing, regulatory validation, personalized drug delivery, and precision medicine. The review addresses how AI-enabled digital twins can overcome limitations of conventional pharmaceutical systems and support predictive, adaptive, and patient-centric approaches. A comprehensive literature-based review was conducted by analyzing recent scientific publications, regulatory perspectives, and technological developments related to digital twins, AI, Process Analytical Technology (PAT), Quality by Design (QbD), Pharma 4.0, and emerging Pharma 5.0 concepts. Relevant evidence from pharmaceutical manufacturing, bioprocessing, healthcare applications, and supporting industrial domains was critically evaluated. AI-driven digital twins enable real-time process monitoring, prediction of critical quality attributes, optimization of manufacturing operations, predictive maintenance, and support for real-time release testing. Integration with advanced technologies, including nanotechnology, biosensors, wearable devices, and computational modeling, provides new opportunities for personalized drug delivery and precision medicine. However, challenges associated with data integrity, model validation, interoperability, cybersecurity, regulatory acceptance, and limited pharmaceutical datasets remain significant barriers. AI-driven digital twins represent a transformative approach for developing intelligent pharmaceutical ecosystems. Their successful implementation requires robust validation frameworks, regulatory guidance, interdisciplinary collaboration, and continued advancement toward reliable, sustainable, and patient-centered pharmaceutical systems.

PMID 42747742
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PubMedBiotechnology and applied biochemistry2026-09-16

Novel Ferulic Acid Esterase From Human Gut Microbiome: Cloning and Application in Crop Residue Valorization.

Kunnummal Saarika Pothuvan SP, Abdulla Aneesha A, Khan Mahejibin M

Ferulic acid esterases (FAEs) are enzymes that interact with esterified components of plant cell walls, facilitating the release of free ferulic acid (FA) from plant materials. Therefore, they hold significant importance across multiple industries, including pharma, food, and cosmetics. This investigation involved the cloning, expression, and characterization of FAE from the human fecal metagenome. Sequence analysis revealed that the cloned gene was approximately 750 bp in length and contained an open reading frame encoding a protein of 252 amino acids. The resulting recombinant protein displayed a molecular weight of 28 kDa and 49.7% identity with the chlorogenic acid esterase from Lactobacillus helveticus. The hydrolytic activity of the recombinant FAE was validated using p-nitrophenyl-ferulate (pNPF) as the substrate, with optimal activity at a pH of 7 and a temperature of 35°C. The enzyme showed stability within a pH range of 5.0-7.0 and temperatures from 5°C to 35°C. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results indicated that the FAE enzyme could release up to 49.7% of total alkali-extractable FA from dehydrated rice bran, followed by wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse. The total phenolic content of sugarcane bagasse increased by approximately 100% after in situ enzymatic fermentation compared with the chemically extracted fraction. These results indicate that cloned FAE can be used as a potential biocatalyst in industrial applications.

PMID 42745387
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