Drug Database
OX

oxybutynin hydrochloride (HP 5070 / HP5070 / Apohide)

✓ Approved

Hisamitsu · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is oxybutynin hydrochloride?

oxybutynin hydrochloride is a small molecule developed by Hisamitsu. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical or transdermal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesHP 5070, HP5070, Apohide
CompanyHisamitsu
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteTopical, Transdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Hisamitsu

Therapeutic Indications

oxybutynin hydrochloride is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersHyperhidrosis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedInternational journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics2026-09-19

A decade of decline and regional disparity: Trends and associated factors in use of ritodrine hydrochloride for threatened preterm labor in Japan, a nationwide ecological study.

Yorozu Kazuma K, Hinotsu Shiro S, Matsuura Motoki M, Someya Masayuki M et al.

Ritodrine hydrochloride is a commonly used tocolytic agent for threatened preterm labor in Japan, despite its serious adverse events and limited use in many other countries. National obstetric guidelines have shifted toward restricting its use, but the evidence-practice gap remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine usage trends for ritodrine at nationwide and prefectural levels and identify factors associated with usage. We conducted an ecological study linking nationwide aggregated medical claims data and statistical survey records across all 47 prefectures. We investigated 10-year trends in ritodrine use from fiscal year (FY) 2014 to 2023. Choropleth maps and spatial statistics illustrated geographic relationships among neighboring prefectures. We also conducted a cross-sectional study to identify factors associated with ritodrine injection use. The usage rate of ritodrine injection per 1000 deliveries decreased by more than 45% over 10 years. Joinpoint regression analysis identified FY2017 as a turning point, after which the decline accelerated. However, prefectural usage varied up to 13.58-fold, with spatial clustering of high-use regions. Factors associated with injection usage included the density of Perinatal Medical Centers (PMCs), hospital admissions for threatened preterm labor and preterm birth per 1000 deliveries, and the proportion of hospitals among delivery facilities. This study showed that nationwide use of ritodrine injection decreased by half over a decade, along with regional disparities among prefectures in Japan. These variations might reflect localized treatment policies influenced by differences in healthcare resources and geographical accessibility.

PMID 42760829
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PubMedPsychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology2026-09-18

The Therapeutic Effect of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride in Conjunction with Sensory Integration Training in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Zhang Shuxin S, Li Lin L

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent childhood disorder with existing treatment challenges, and research on the combined therapy of methylphenidate hydrochloride and sensory integration training for it is inconclusive. Thus, this study explored the clinical efficacy of this combined treatment in children with ADHD, finding it significantly improved relevant scores and reduced adverse reactions, suggesting its potential for wider use. From June 2022 to June 2023, a research sample of 102 individuals diagnosed with ADHD was recruited and allocated into 2 groups at an observation group (n=52) and a control group (n=50). Exclusively methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets were given to the control group as treatment, whereas the observation group underwent combined therapy with methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets and sensory integration training. The assessment and comparison of sensory integration and praxis tests, full-scale response control quotient, full-scale attention quotient, Conners' behavior rating scale, and adverse reactions during the treatment period were conducted prior to and following 2 treatment cycles in both the observation and control groups. Prior to treatment, there were no remarkable variations (P > .05) in the scores of sensory integration and praxis tests, Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT) scores, and behavior rating scale between the 2 groups. Following the treatment, the observation group exhibited notably superior scores in the sensory integration and praxis test, IVA-CPT, and behavior rating scale, with a notably reduced occurrence of complications, in comparison to the control group (P < .05). To summarize, the utilization of methylphenidate hydrochloride alongside sensory integration training has demonstrated promising effectiveness in treating children diagnosed with ADHD and deserves broader implementation.

PMID 42757238
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PubMedEnvironmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)2026-09-18

Stability-Oriented Chemical-Biological Integration Prioritizes Antimicrobials Linked to Resistome Variation in Landfill Leachates across China.

Cui Han-Lin HL, Li Yi-Hao YH, Shi Ke K, Ren Yi-Jun YJ et al.

Landfill leachate contains complex mixtures of antimicrobials and other stressors, making it difficult to identify chemical signals consistently associated with environmental resistomes. We integrated targeted antimicrobial measurements with metagenomic antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles from landfill leachates collected in 17 Chinese cities across 12 provinces. Among 52 detected antimicrobials, 37 had risk quotients (RQs) > 0.1, 25 exceeded 1, and 12 exceeded 10 in at least one site; 296 ARG subtypes were detected. Pairwise and matrix-level analyses showed fragmented antimicrobial-ARG relationships. Using Shannon diversity as a resistome-level endpoint, a stability-oriented multivariable analysis prioritized clinafloxacin, clindamycin hydrochloride, and sulfathiazole. Their bootstrap recurrence frequencies were 0.752, 0.389, and 0.226, respectively, with the same stability hierarchy supported by alternative selection and site-omission analyses; clinafloxacin was also least sensitive to measured antimicrobial covariance. Covariate-adjusted higher-versus-lower exposure contrasts were -0.467, +0.250, and +0.089 Shannon units, respectively, with sulfathiazole showing greater context dependence. Integrating chemical exposure with resistome responses thus complements conventional occurrence- and RQ-based screening by adding a biological-response layer for prioritizing reproducible antimicrobial signals within complex environmental mixtures.

PMID 42759915
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PubMedArchives of environmental contamination and toxicology2026-09-18

Color-Dependent Adsorption Behavior of Tetracycline onto Aged Microplastics.

Jin Ruixin R, Li Xiang X, Li Mingyu M, Shen Maocai M

Microplastics have become a significant problem threatening both ecological systems and human health. This study focuses on four colors (red, yellow, blue, and green) of polypropylene (PP) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the impact of color differences before and after aging on their environmental behavior. The findings indicate that color is a key factor influencing the aging behavior of microplastics. The red PP surface develops dense wrinkles, while the blue PP exhibits irregular flaking. After aging, the average particle size of PP decreases by 6-30%, with red and yellow PP particles showing even greater reductions. Adsorption studies reveal that microplastics display color-dependent patterns in their adsorption behavior toward tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl). For virgin microplastics, the adsorption capacity order is red > blue > yellow ≈ green. After aging, this order shifts to red > yellow ≈ green > blue, with yellow and green microplastics showing significant improvements in adsorption performance. Both pH and ionic strength influence the adsorption behavior of colored microplastics. The adsorption of TC-HCl by virgin PP reaches its maximum at pH 9, whereas aged PP achieves maximum adsorption at pH 7. For PMMA, maximum adsorption capacity before and after aging occur at pH 5. Low concentrations of NaCl enhance adsorption capacity, but adsorption decreases as NaCl concentration increases. This study provides a theoretical basis for assessing the ecological risks posed by different colored microplastics in complex pollution scenarios.

PMID 42758337
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PubMedPloS one2026-09-18

Reprogramming M2 macrophages via TLR7/8 agonist-loaded hollow MnO2 nanovehicles to suppress the progression of liver cancer.

He Pei-Pei PP, Hou Zheng-Ju ZJ, Li Han-Mei HM, Zhang Ji-Xuan JX et al.

As a prevalent malignancy, liver cancer ranks as the third most common cause of cancer mortality globally. Within the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exhibit contrasting functional phenotypes: the anti-tumor M1 type and the pro-tumor M2 type. Reprogramming TAMs from the M2 to the M1 phenotype has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy. Here, we engineered a multi-nano therapeutic system, PAH@HMMDN@R848, by loading a TLR7/8 agonist (R848) onto hollow MnO2 nanoparticles (HMMDN) and coating with polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH). In vitro, this system efficiently repolarized M2 macrophages to the M1 phenotype, evidenced by decreased CD206, Arg-1, IL-10 and increased CD80, iNOS, TNF-α (P < 0.05). Under acidic/glutathione-rich conditions, HMMDN degraded to release Mn2+, which served as a T1-weighted MRI contrast agent with a high relaxivity (r1 = 5.255 mM-1 s -1). Mechanistically, PAH@HMMDN@R848 activated both NF-κB (via R848) and STING (via Mn2+) pathways, leading to synergistic M1 polarization. In a subcutaneous H22 liver cancer mouse model, intratumoral injection of PAH@HMMDN@R848 significantly suppressed tumor growth (tumor inhibition rate 80.6%) without obvious systemic toxicity. Immunohistochemistry and cytokine analysis revealed that the treatment increased M1 macrophage infiltration (CD80+) and reduced M2 macrophages (CD206+) within tumors, along with elevated TNF-α/iNOS and decreased IL-10/Arg-1. This study presents a multifunctional nanoplatform capable of TAMs reprogramming and MRI diagnosis, offering a promising approach for liver cancer theranostics.

PMID 42758694
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PubMedInternational journal of pharmaceutics2026-09-18

Modulating microneedles' array design and application force for personalizing skin permeation using design of experiments.

Antonara Lefkothea L, Bampatsikou Charitini Georgia CG, Monou Paraskevi Kyriaki PK, Baltatzis George E GE et al.

Polymeric microneedle arrays are medical devices composed of micro-scale needles that enhance skin permeation by breaching stratum corneum's integrity and creating microchannels. Morphology as well as dimensional characteristics of these structures, namely height, base width, density of arrays and tip diameter can significantly affect the permeation profile of the active ingredient. Additionally, the force applied during application is also considered a key factor of drug delivery. Therefore, within the concept of personalizing the rate and amount of drug permeated through skin, a screening of the aforementioned factors was performed. Specifically, microneedles of various geometries and dimensions were prepared and evaluated with regards to their dimensional accuracy, insertion depth and drug permeation. For this purpose, Ropinirole Hydrochloride (RopHCl) was utilized as model drug due to its hydrophilic nature. In more detail, ten microneedle morphologies were evaluated in relation to their effect in the drug delivered, while a Definitive Screening Design (DSD) was implemented to screen the effect of the microneedle dimensional characteristics in the arrays' performance. Overall, significant differentiations between the microneedles shapes were observed across the permeation profiles while height, interspacing distance and insertion force were the main factors revealed as significant by the experimental design applied. Regarding base width, although it does not directly influence drug permeation, it affects the mechanical rigidity. It can be thus concluded that drug permeation through skin can be effectively personalized by tuning the microneedle array properties, while keeping a constant microneedle composition.

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