Drug Database
OX

oxybutynin hydrochloride (HP 5070 / HP5070 / Apohide)

✓ Approved

Hisamitsu · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is oxybutynin hydrochloride?

oxybutynin hydrochloride is a small molecule developed by Hisamitsu. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical or transdermal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesHP 5070, HP5070, Apohide
CompanyHisamitsu
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteTopical, Transdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Hisamitsu

Therapeutic Indications

oxybutynin hydrochloride is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersHyperhidrosis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedInternational journal of pharmaceutics2026-07-25

Development of propranolol hydrochloride extended-release lipid matrix tablets for pediatric use.

Broocks Stefanie S, Gebhardt Melanie M, Klein Sandra S

Although solid oral dosage forms are widely used in adult drug therapy, age-appropriate formulations for pediatric patients remain limited. The development of suitable dosage forms is challenged by specific requirements regarding excipient safety, tablet size, and dose flexibility, as well as the need to improve therapy adherence in the context of frequent dosing. This study aimed to develop a pediatric-appropriate extended-release matrix tablet based on lipid matrix formers, with particular attention to the use of safe excipients and the selection of excipients based on sustainability considerations. Lipid-based excipients, selected due to their natural origin and similarity to dietary fats, were investigated and compared with conventional matrix formers. A formulation screening approach was applied to identify promising candidates based on drug release after one hour, followed by further evaluation of manufacturability, tablet hardness, and extended-release performance. In addition, the influence of a physiological pH-gradient, bile salts, and long-term storage on drug release was assessed. The selected formulations showed good manufacturability, uniformity, and sustained drug release. Overall, several lipid-based matrix formulations suitable for pediatric use were identified, providing a promising basis for the development of solid oral extended-release dosage forms for children.

PMID 42497932
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-07-25

Multifunctional antimicrobial effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii against A/E pathogens Enteropathogenic E. coli and Citrobacter rodentium.

Vasamsetti Sai Madhuri SM, Khaderbad Yasaswi Y, Sarmah Novelina N, Atham Hari Naga Papa Rao HNPR et al.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) remains a leading cause of childhood diarrhea in low-resource settings, and escalating antimicrobial resistance necessitates non-antibiotic therapeutic approaches. This study investigates Lactobacillus johnsonii as a probiotic candidate capable of limiting A/E-pathogen colonization and attenuating infection-associated intestinal inflammation. The probiotic properties of L. johnsonii were evaluated through assays of gastrointestinal tolerance, epithelial adhesion, antimicrobial activity, biofilm inhibition, and pathogen exclusion. Secreted antimicrobial activity was investigated by fractionation and untargeted metabolomic profiling. Therapeutic efficacy was further assessed in an antibiotic-perturbed Citrobacter rodentium mouse infection. L. johnsonii exhibited robust gastrointestinal resilience (acid pH 1.5-2.5; 0.3% bile) and strong adhesion to human intestinal epithelial cells. In vitro, live L. johnsonii markedly inhibited EPEC growth, disrupted pre-formed biofilms, and displaced adherent pathogens from epithelial surfaces. In an antibiotic-perturbed Citrobacter rodentium infection model, oral L. johnsonii administration reduced pathogen loads in feces and colonic tissues by 3-4 log units, restored colon length, and alleviated epithelial ulceration and inflammatory infiltration. Mechanistic analyses revealed dual antimicrobial actions: nutrient competition and secretion of low-molecular-weight (<75 kDa) bactericidal factors active at ~30 µg mL-1. Untargeted metabolomic profiling of the active fraction generated putative annotations of chemically diverse small molecules, including fatty-acid and hydroxy-acid class compounds, as well as candidate metabolites such as quinine hydrochloride, aloperine, and γ-glutamylglutamine, thereby providing a foundation for future targeted validation of individual antimicrobial components. Notably, probiotic treatment reduced mucosal neutrophil infiltration and preserved epithelial architecture, suggesting attenuation of infection-associated inflammation. Collectively, these findings support L. johnsonii as a multifunctional probiotic that integrates biofilm disruption, metabolic competition, and immune-protective activity. The study highlights its translational potential as a probiotic-based intervention to manage attaching-and-effacing enteric infections and mitigate antibiotic reliance in vulnerable populations.

PMID 42500669
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PubMedHospital pharmacy2026-07-25

Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models as Decision-Support Tools in Hospital Compounding Pharmacy: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Castellana Eleonora E, Chiappetta Maria Rachele MR

To evaluate the efficiency and reliability of a large language model (LLM) as a decision-support tool in hospital compounding pharmacy for pediatric extemporaneous preparations requiring assessment of drug crushability, regulatory compliance, and formulation feasibility. A proof-of-concept study compared a structured LLM-assisted workflow with the traditional manual information retrieval process in a hospital pharmacy setting. The LLM (Claude Sonnet 4.6) was configured with a standardized prompt to extract and consolidate data from multiple authoritative sources: the Friuli Venezia Giulia "Do Not Crush" list, the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) database for Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), AIFA Law 648/96 off-label use lists, and the Stabilis database for oral liquid formulation stability. Two representative drugs, propranolol hydrochloride and imatinib mesylate, were analyzed. For each drug, the model generated a structured output including crushability, regulatory information, off-label status, and extemporaneous formulation data. The same queries were manually performed by an experienced hospital pharmacist. Primary outcome was information retrieval time; secondary outcomes included completeness and accuracy. The LLM-assisted workflow reduced retrieval time to less than 2 minutes per drug (mean 1 minute 45 seconds), compared with a mean of 20 minutes (range 15-25 minutes) for the manual process, plus an additional 5 to 10 minutes for transcription. Output completeness was 100%, with all predefined fields correctly populated. The model accurately classified drug crushability and correctly identified Law 648/96 regulatory status. For propranolol, the system identified crushability, pediatric off-label authorization, and SyrSpend-based formulations with stability data of up to 146 days at room temperature. For imatinib, the model highlighted cytotoxic handling precautions, identified the absence of SyrSpend formulations, and retrieved alternative formulation stability data (30 days refrigerated). A properly configured LLM can function as an effective decision-support tool in hospital compounding pharmacy, improving efficiency while maintaining high standards of completeness, accuracy, and regulatory compliance. These preliminary results support further investigation into the integration of the LLM system into routine pediatric galenical preparation practice.

PMID 42500259
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PubMedBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie2026-07-24

Tailoring pH-responsive charge-conversional interfaces in ionizable lipid-based nanoliposomes for synchronized co-delivery and synergistic therapy of triple-negative breast cancer.

Choi Yeji Y, Choung Ki-Hoon KH, Jin Minki M, Yoon Moon Sup MS et al.

Combination chemotherapy is often limited by the distinct physicochemical properties and intracellular behaviors of individual drugs. This limitation leads to poorly coordinated delivery in tumor tissues. In this study, pH-responsive ionizable nanoliposomes were developed using the ionizable lipid DLin-DMA to co-deliver erlotinib and doxorubicin hydrochloride. This approach introduces a novel spatial and temporal synchronization strategy for two mechanistically distinct drugs within a single carrier. The resulting nanoliposomes formed stable nanoscale assemblies with an optimized particle size of 139.8 nm and high encapsulation efficiencies of 84.8% for erlotinib and 80.8% for doxorubicin hydrochloride. The formulation exhibited a pronounced pH-dependent surface charge transition. It remained near neutral under physiological conditions but converted to a cationic state in acidic environments relevant to tumors. This charge conversion triggered a sequential drug release profile, featuring an immediate accelerated release of doxorubicin hydrochloride for rapid cytotoxicity alongside a steady sustained release of erlotinib for prolonged targeted inhibition. In MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells, this coordinated cellular internalization and subcellular distribution resulted in profound synergistic cytotoxicity, which was quantitatively confirmed by a Combination Index of 0.427. In vivo evaluations using an MDA-MB-231 xenograft model further demonstrated that the charge-conversional mechanism significantly enhanced tumor accumulation and deep tissue penetration following systemic administration. This targeted accumulation led to robust tumor growth suppression without pronounced systemic toxicity. Overall, this study demonstrates how ionizable lipid chemistry can orchestrate the intracellular fate of chemically dissimilar small molecule drugs, providing a highly effective materials-based framework for synergistic combination therapy in solid tumors.

PMID 42492401
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PubMedMedScience2026-07-24

Norepinephrine-mediated regulation of endogenous Aβ42 peptide levels: effects of noradrenergic depletion and restoration.

Hoffman Isaiah I, Ross Jennifer A JA, Tumasz Marissa M, Thomas Steven A SA et al.

The locus coeruleus (LC), a cluster of noradrenergic neurons in the dorsal pons, is the brain's main source of norepinephrine (NE), crucial for memory, cognition, and stress response. NE dysregulation has been linked to mood disorders, chronic stress, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) is a key protein in AD pathology, and forms plaques that trigger neurodegeneration. Studies show elevated Aβ42 levels are associated with anxiety symptoms, even in cognitively normal individuals. Previous research suggests a positive correlation between NE and Aβ42, with Aβ42 present in NE-producing LC neurons. NE may affect Aβ42 levels through adrenergic receptors on neurons or microglia. However, the exact role of NE in modulating Aβ42 remains unclear. Using the NE depletion models, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP-4) lesions and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) knockout (KO) mice, researchers found reduced Aβ42 levels without changes in amyloid precursor protein processing. A newer model, DBH internal ribosome entry site-Cre × floxed tyrosine hydroxylase (DBH-IRES-Cre × floxed-TH) preserved dopamine (DA) but eliminated NE in adrenergic neurons, further supporting the specific influence of NE on Aβ42. Findings indicate that decreased Aβ42 in NE-depleted mice stems not from altered DA but from NE loss. This highlights the NE-mediated regulation of endogenous Aβ42 and the role of NE in AD-related pathology.

PMID 42493706
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PubMedPesticide biochemistry and physiology2026-07-24

NPFF2 regulate thiamethoxam resistance by over-expressing CYP6CX4 in Bemisia tabaci.

Zhang Ying Y, Zhang Rong R, Lu Hantang H, Fu Buli B et al.

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, as a globally significant agricultural pest, poses a serious threat to various food crops and thus causes enormous economic losses to global agricultural production. In recent decades, with the long-term and extensive use of chemical pesticides, B. tabaci has developed high levels resistance to thiamethoxam. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms involved in insecticide detoxification within B. tabaci is of great theoretical and practical significance. Neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFF2), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), plays a key role in the neonicotinoid resistance of B. tabaci. Whether NPFF2 is involved in the resistance to thiamethoxam remains unclear. In this study, we cloned the full-length NPFF2 gene of B. tabaci, and further confirmed its vital role in thiamethoxam resistance via Quantitative real-time PCR and RNA interference assays. To investigate the signaling pathway of NPFF2 involved in thiamethoxam resistance in B. tabaci. The expression of six published detoxification-related genes (UGT354A1, UGT352A3, CYP6CX1, CYP6CX2, CYP6CX3 and CYP6CX4) were determined in the resistant and susceptible strains. The results showed that the expression of CYP6CX4 was over-expressed in resistant, and decreased by knockdown of NPFF2. Additionally, in a metabolism assay in vitro, the CYP6CX4 protein could metabolize 52.64% of thiamethoxam with a clothianidin-guanidine hydrochloride metabolite via UPLC-QTOF/MS. Overall, our study reveals a novel NPFF2 - CYP6CX4 signaling pathway underlying thiamethoxam resistance in B.tabaci, providing a theoretical basis for its resistance monitoring and novel control target development.

PMID 42493024
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