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oxybutynin hydrochloride (HP 5070 / HP5070 / Apohide)

✓ Approved

Hisamitsu · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is oxybutynin hydrochloride?

oxybutynin hydrochloride is a small molecule developed by Hisamitsu. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical or transdermal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesHP 5070, HP5070, Apohide
CompanyHisamitsu
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteTopical, Transdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Hisamitsu

Therapeutic Indications

oxybutynin hydrochloride is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersHyperhidrosis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedChemico-biological interactions2026-05-23

A combined in silico and in vitro new approach methodology for early detection of liver steatogenic chemicals.

Verhoeven Anouk A, Gadaleta Domenico D, Isbaita Nirseen H K NHK, Jiang Jian J et al.

Fatty liver disease is the most prevalent hepatic pathology, with accumulating evidence suggesting that chemical exposure may contribute to its development and progression. Consequently, mechanistic understanding of perturbations leading to liver steatosis is essential for chemical safety assessment. This study introduces a new approach methodology (NAM), mechanistically anchored in an adverse outcome pathway network, which integrates in silico and in vitro approaches to enable early detection of steatogenic chemicals upon repeated dose exposure. For this purpose, 7 reference steatogenic chemicals, including 3 pharmaceuticals (sodium valproate, tetracycline hydrochloride and amiodarone hydrochloride), a pesticide (cyproconazole), and 3 plasticizers (tricresyl phosphate, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid) as well as 2 non-steatogenic chemicals (minocycline hydrochloride and tartaric acid) were evaluated at 3 concentrations to induce molecular initiating events and key events related to liver steatosis. Modulations in ligand-activated transcription factors were assessed using an in silico tiered workflow combining (Q)SAR, read-across and docking. Human HepaRG liver cells were subsequently used to quantify transcriptional and functional changes in downstream key events, including lipid accumulation, fatty acid uptake, mitochondrial β-oxidation, lipid secretion, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. A steatogenic score was calculated for each chemical by integrating the biological relevance and the magnitude of responses across all assessed endpoints. These scores clearly distinguished steatogenic from non-steatogenic chemicals. Overall, the current study shows the potential of the NAM to identify the steatogenic properties of chemicals during early stages of hazard assessment.

PMID 42173389
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PubMedScientific reports2026-05-23

Coupling thin film nanofiltration membrane and photocatalyst for the removal of antidepressant drugs from aqueous solutions.

Roshanfekr Rad Leila L, Anbia Mansoor M, Irani Mohammad M

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have a high capability for the structure of membranes and photocatalysts to remove organic pollutants from water. In this study, a nanofiltration/photocatalysis coupled system was used to remove three antidepressant drugs-fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLX), sertraline hydrochloride (STL), and paroxetine hydrochloride (PRX)-from water. The thin film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofiltration membranes were loaded with varying amounts of NH2-MIL-101 (Fe) to filter the selected antidepressants under initial concentration of 10 mgL-1. The concentrated pharmaceuticals from the rejected stream of the nanofiltration system were then fed into the photocatalysis process. The NH2-MIL-101 (Fe)/TiO2 nanofibrous photocatalyst, in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and solar light irradiation, was used to remove the antidepressants. After 48 h, the permeation fluxes and rejection percentages for FLX, PRX, and STL were 37.1 Lm-2.h-1 & 98.52%, 35.1 Lm-2.h-1 & 98.12%, and 37.8 Lm-2.h-1 & 98.74%, respectively. The final concentrations of FLX, PRX, and STL in the rejected stream after 48 h of membrane filtration experiment were 37.02, 35.06, and 37.80 mgL-1, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of FLX, STL, and PRX using 0.5 gL-1 NH2-MIL-101 (Fe)/TiO2 nanofibrous photocatalyst, in the presence of 2 mM PMS and solar light irradiation, was 99.68%, 99.35%, and 99.21% during 30 min at a pH of 9. These results demonstrate that the coupling of membrane separation and photocatalysis processes, using MOFs-based TFN nanofiltration membranes/photocatalyst, is an effective strategy for treating pharmaceutical wastewater.

PMID 42174047
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PubMedScientific reports2026-05-23

Spectroscopic investigation of the photochemical transformations of metoclopramide hydrochloride in the presence of alkaline and oxidative conditions.

Cercel Radu R, Androne Andreea A, Bartha Cristina C, Negrila Catalin C et al.

This study investigates the photodegradation of metoclopramide hydrochloride (MET) in alkaline conditions and in the presence of oxidative agents such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The degradation process was analyzed using UV-VIS spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), Raman scattering, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry, and mass spectrometry. Hydrolysis of MET in alkaline solutions led to the emergence of three isosbestic points at 242, 258, and 326 nm in UV-VIS spectra, accompanied by a decrease in PL intensity at 363 nm. These spectral changes are attributed to the formation of reaction products, specifically 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid sodium salt and 2-(diethylamino)-ethyl ammonium chloride. In contrast, MET interaction with H2O2 resulted in a hypsochromic shift of the 270 nm band to 260 nm and a bathochromic shift of the 280 nm band to 296 nm, along with the appearance of a single isosbestic point at 314 nm and a concurrent reduction in PL intensity around 365 nm. Raman, FTIR, thermogravimetry, and mass spectrometry studies confirmed the generation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)-ethyl-hydroxylamine as degradation products.

PMID 42174057
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PubMedThe Journal of emergency medicine2026-05-23

Retained Gastric Substance Requiring Endoscopic Removal in a Patient with Prolonged Toxicity from Acute Metaldehyde Poisoning.

Xu Cheng C, Mao Zhengsheng Z, Chen Ke K, Huang Peipei P et al.

Metaldehyde is a highly selective molluscicide with moderate water solubility. Acute metaldehyde poisoning is most commonly reported in veterinary medicine and is extremely rare in humans. Its optimal clinical management remains poorly defined and warrants further investigation. An 81-year-old male presented with altered mental status and respiratory distress. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a hyperdense shadow within the gastric cavity. Blue granules were observed in the oral cavity during endotracheal intubation. Given the presence of metaldehyde at his residence, a diagnosis of acute metaldehyde poisoning was made. Despite initial treatment with gastric lavage, catharsis, hemoperfusion, and mechanical ventilation, the patient remained comatose with persistently elevated serum and urine metaldehyde concentrations. A repeat CT scan demonstrated retained hyperdense material in the stomach. Endoscopy subsequently identified and removed residual metaldehyde granules from the gastric fundus. Additionally, the cholinergic receptor antagonist penehyclidine hydrochloride was administered to alleviate muscarinic symptoms. The patient ultimately recovered fully, with no residual neurological deficits. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Metaldehyde toxicity is rarely encountered in the emergency department. Due to its moderate water solubility, oral metaldehyde ingestion can lead to prolonged gastrointestinal retention with delayed elimination and sustained toxicity. Emergency physicians should be aware of this risk and consider repeat imaging and early specialty consultation for endoscopic intervention in patients with persistent severe symptoms after oral metaldehyde ingestion.

PMID 42173038
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PubMedAnalytical methods : advancing methods and applications2026-05-22

An advanced GC method for comprehensive residual solvent analysis: overcoming co-elution with orthogonal columns and quantification by mass spectrometry.

Arulraj Ruba R, Vishwanath Vinay V, Duche Sharad S, Mathur Arvind A et al.

A robust and comprehensive gas chromatographic method was developed to identify and quantify the 57 residual solvents listed in the ICH guidelines, all in a single, 30-minute chromatogram. The proposed approach, featuring dual orthogonal column chemistry and a mass spectrometry (MS) detector, significantly improved the resolution and enabled the quantification of low-response and co-eluting solvents such as benzene, chloroform, formamide, pyridine, and 1,2-dichloroethene in a complex matrix of 57 solvents. The VF-624 and HP-5 dual-column was configured in series with an MS detector. Method parameters, such as carrier gas flow rate, oven temperature program, and selection of optimal mass spectrometry acquisition parameters, scan and selected ion monitoring (SIM), were tuned to achieve uncompromised sensitivity, resolution, and reproducibility. The method was validated according to ICH Q2(R1) guidelines and demonstrated acceptable specificity, linearity (R2 > 0.99), accuracy, precision, LOD, and LOQ. The real sample applicability was confirmed through analysis of a spiked fenoterol hydrobromide sample, establishing the method's robustness and suitability for testing the 57 residual solvents in pharmaceutical matrices. Additional evaluation with verapamil hydrochloride, amitriptyline hydrochloride, and their commercial formulations (tablets) further validated its broad applicability.

PMID 42171149
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PubMedJournal of pain research2026-05-22

Efficacy and Safety of Pregabalin-Tizanidine vs Pregabalin in Patients with Fibromyalgia: Study Protocol for a Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label, Blinded Endpoint Trial.

Liu Qiang Q, Wen Chuanbing C, Dai Yuee Y, Ma Teng T et al.

The global prevalence of fibromyalgia (FM) in the general population is estimated to range from 2% to 4%. Pregabalin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue, is one of the most widely prescribed medications for FM. However, at therapeutic doses, its limited efficacy and/or unacceptable side effects mean that many patients derive only partial benefit, often leading to treatment discontinuation. Cyclobenzaprine is a centrally acting muscle relaxant. In August 2025, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a sublingual formulation of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride for treating FM in adults. However, its availability is largely confined to North America. Tizanidine, like cyclobenzaprine, is also a muscle relaxant with a central mechanism; however, there is no codified posology for FM treatment with tizanidine. This study aims to recruit 164 adult patients diagnosed with FM. Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group (pregabalin plus tizanidine) or the control group (pregabalin monotherapy). The primary outcome is the change from baseline to week 12 in average pain intensity (during the last 7 days) assessed using the first item of the symptom domain of the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR). Secondary outcomes, assessed at weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24, will include: widespread pain, symptom severity, functional performance, balance, muscle strength and power, psychological functioning, sleep quality, self-efficacy, treatment durability, and health-related quality of life. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Tiantan Hospital (KY2025-217-03-08) and was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT07382921). All study procedures will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its subsequent amendments (7th revision, Fortaleza, Brazil, 2013). This trial will provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of pregabalin combined with tizanidine in the treatment of FM.

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