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indometacin plaster

✓ Approved

Kowa · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is indometacin plaster?

indometacin plaster is a small molecule developed by Kowa. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

CompanyKowa
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Kowa

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

indometacin plaster acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

indometacin plaster is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Gastrointestinal disordersAbdominal pain✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersPruritus✓ Approved

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Compact 3D vision for robotic and embedded platforms requires structured-light projectors that combine small size, variable pattern generation, and reliable calibration. This paper presents a miniaturized 3D imaging architecture based on Lissajous scanning of a biaxial MEMS mirror, integrating FPGA-controlled laser modulation, image-based visual-feedback calibration, and phase-shifting reconstruction. Unlike approaches requiring an angle sensor integrated with the MEMS mirror, the proposed method extracts projection-position and envelope deviations from images of a predefined reference pattern and compensates accumulated command-phase offsets through temporary drive-frequency perturbations. The resulting system supports focus-free arbitrary-pattern projection and calibration-assisted structured-light imaging within a compact optical architecture. The prototype generates structured-light patterns at 20 frames per second. Experiments on reference standard blocks and plaster models demonstrate calibrated pattern projection and the reconstruction of both planar and complex surface features. For the measured plaster-model dimensions, the relative errors with respect to a commercial laser-line profiler range from 0.89% to 1.50%. By jointly addressing MEMS scan control, projection calibration, and 3D reconstruction, this work provides a practical system-design framework for compact, hardware-efficient MEMS structured-light sensors toward robotic and industrial applications.

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Pan Qing Q, Wei Wei W, Tang Chengjie C

Elderly patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) frequently require prolonged glucocorticoid therapy and may develop glucocorticoid-associated osteoporosis and fragility fracture. Post-fracture recovery in this population may be complicated by neuromuscular weakness, fall risk, impaired bone remodeling, fracture-site pain, and limited tolerance of systemic analgesic therapy. Xiaotong plaster is a topical external therapy used for musculoskeletal pain and swelling, but evidence for its adjunctive use after osteoporotic fracture in elderly patients with MG remains limited. This study evaluated the association between Xiaotong plaster adjunctive external treatment and 12-week fracture-site pain in elderly MG patients with glucocorticoid-associated osteoporotic fragility fracture. Bone-turnover and inflammatory outcomes were assessed as secondary exploratory endpoints, and BMP-2/Smad/Runx2-related changes were evaluated as hypothesis-generating mechanistic signals. These peripheral-blood measurements were treated as exploratory correlates and not as evidence that the topical plaster activated an osteogenic pathway at the fracture site. Consecutive patients aged 60 years or older with confirmed MG, systemic glucocorticoid exposure for at least 3 months, and radiologically confirmed osteoporotic fragility fracture were retrospectively screened at a tertiary medical center between January 2021 and December 2025. Patients receiving standard anti-osteoporosis treatment alone were compared with those receiving standard treatment plus Xiaotong plaster within 4 weeks after fracture. The primary outcome was fracture-site pain change from baseline to 12 weeks. Secondary and biomarker outcomes were considered exploratory. Propensity score weighting was used to reduce measured baseline imbalance, with doubly robust and sensitivity analyses used to examine the robustness of the primary association. Treatment allocation was observational and unblinded; no placebo plaster was used. A total of 168 patients were included, including 86 receiving standard treatment alone and 82 receiving standard treatment plus Xiaotong plaster. The adjusted between-group difference in 12-week pain change was -10.2 mm on the 0-100 mm scale (95% CI, -13.8 to -6.6; P < 0.001). P1NP increased more in the adjunctive-treatment group (adjusted difference, 10.2 ng/mL; 95% CI, 6.8 to 13.6; P < 0.001), while β-CTX decreased modestly more (adjusted difference, -0.045 ng/mL; 95% CI, -0.087 to -0.003; P = 0.035). Six-month radiographic healing (P = 0.711), delayed union or nonunion (P = 0.363), 12-month new fragility fracture (P = 0.083), lumbar spine BMD change (P = 0.177), and MG exacerbation (P = 0.692) did not differ significantly after adjustment. In the exploratory subgroup, p-Smad1/5/8 (P = 0.001) and Runx2 (P = 0.002) increased more in the adjunctive-treatment group, whereas BMP-2 change was not significant (P = 0.449). The biomarker signal was therefore confined to downstream p-Smad1/5/8 and Runx2 rather than BMP-2 itself. One exposed patient permanently discontinued the plaster because of contact dermatitis. Xiaotong plaster adjunctive treatment was associated with greater short-term fracture-site pain reduction and exploratory changes in bone-turnover markers in elderly MG patients with glucocorticoid-associated osteoporotic fragility fracture. The study did not demonstrate improvement in fracture healing, BMD, or recurrent fracture, and the peripheral-blood BMP-2/Smad/Runx2 findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating rather than evidence of a causal osteogenic mechanism. Human transdermal pharmacokinetic exposure was not measured, so systemic pathway activation cannot be inferred from these data.

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Prosthetic and orthotic (P&O) workshops are essential for global rehabilitation but paradoxically expose their workforce to significant occupational hazards, undermining worker health and the consistency of occupational health and safety (OHS) frameworks. This scoping review synthesizes existing evidence on incident patterns, reporting practices, and preventive frameworks specific to P&O workshops to identify knowledge gaps and inform future interventions. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar, supplemented by manual searches of key P&O journals, resulting in the inclusion of 14 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2025. The findings reveal a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among P&O professionals, frequently exceeding 80-90% in some studies, alongside significant psychological stressors such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Hazardous noise levels, often surpassing safety limits, and exposure to chemical dusts, particularly from plaster of Paris, were also consistently reported. A critical deficiency identified was the notable absence of detailed information on formal incident reporting systems across most studies, indicating a significant gap in OHS management. Similarly, preventive frameworks were found to be fragmented; although some studies reported specific engineering controls, ergonomic interventions, and training programs, many offered no details on implemented measures. This review underscores that P&O workshops present multifaceted occupational health challenges. There is an urgent need for the development and implementation of P&O-specific OHS guidelines, robust and nonpunitive reporting systems, and comprehensive, integrated preventive strategies to protect this vital health care workforce and ensure sustainable, high-quality patient care.

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