Drug Database
AB

abacavir sulfate

✓ Approved

Roche · Companion diagnostic · Companion diagnostic

What is abacavir sulfate?

abacavir sulfate is a companion diagnostic developed by Roche. It is approved for therapeutic indications via others.

Drug Profile

CompanyRoche
Drug ClassCompanion diagnostic
RouteOthers
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Roche

Related Research Articles

PubMedNeuroprotection (Chichester, England)2026-07-25

Heparan sulfate and glycomimetics: Advances in synthesis and biological applications for post-stroke neurorepair.

Bhuiyan Mozammel H MH, Smith Madeleine J MJ, Hinkley Simon F R SFR, Clarkson Andrew N AN

Heparan sulfate, a structurally diverse glycosaminoglycan that is abundant in the central nervous system (CNS), orchestrates essential processes fundamental to neural plasticity, neurorepair, and neuroprotection. The ability of heparan sulfate to promote regeneration, in stark contrast to the inhibitory effects of chondroitin sulfate and related glycosaminoglycans, has sparked a growing interest in harnessing heparan sulfate and synthetic glycomimetics for post-stroke neurorepair, as well as numerous other neurodegenerative diseases. However, significant gaps persist in our understanding of how sulfation patterns of heparan sulfate can govern functional outcomes, and major barriers remain for clinical translation. Here, we critically review advances in the synthesis and application of heparan sulfate-based glycomimetics, delineate the mechanistic duality of glycosaminoglycans in CNS diseases, and highlight how new preclinical and emerging clinical data are reshaping prospects for bioengineered extracellular matrix therapies. We identify unresolved challenges in delivery, specificity and efficacy, and propose future research directions to bridge these translational divides.

PMID 42499342
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PubMedFrontiers in pharmacology2026-07-25

Magnesium sulfate gargle for preventing postoperative sore throat following laryngeal mask airway ventilation: a randomized, controlled, dose-finding trial.

Guo Lei L, Ma Ling L, Ma Shaoling S, Ma Hanxiang H et al.

Magnesium sulfate gargle is widely used as an intervention for preventing postoperative sore throat (POST) due to its analgesic effect achieved by inhibiting calcium influx mediated by peripheral NMDA receptors. This study aimed to investigate its optimal dosage following laryngeal mask airway (LMA) ventilation. A total of 239 patients aged 18-60 years, with ASA grades I-II, who under general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway intubation were included. Patients were randomized to gargle 30 ml of either normal saline or magnesium sulfate at 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg 10-15 min before anesthesia, with the primary outcome being the incidence of POST assessed in the PACU and at 2, 6, and 24 h postoperatively. The secondary outcomes included LMA ventilation-related parameters and adverse events. The incidence of POST under different dosages of magnesium sulfate was 31.7%, 18.3%, 11.9%, and 6.7% in the PACU; 28.3%, 15.0%, 6.8%, and 6.7% at 2 h; 23.3%, 10.0%, 3.4%, and 3.3% at 6 h; and 15.0%, 5.0%, 3.4%, and 1.7% at 24 h postoperatively. As the dosage of magnesium sulfate gargle increased, the incidence of POST decreased (PACU, P = 0.002; 2 h postoperatively, P = 0.002; 6 h postoperatively, P < 0.001; 24 h postoperatively, P = 0.012). The ED90 values of magnesium sulfate gargle for preventing POST in the PACU and at 2 h postoperatively were 22.747 mg/kg (95% CI: 16.524-37.616) and 18.828 mg/kg (95% CI: 12.847-31.396), respectively. No differences were observed in LMA ventilation-related parameters and adverse events across groups. The prophylactic administration of magnesium sulfate gargle can effectively reduce the incidence of POST, with a dosage of 20 mg/kg identified as optimal.

PMID 42499491
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PubMedVeterinary medicine and science2026-07-25

Green Tea Extract, Keratin Hydrolysate and Vitamin C Exert Anti-Ageing Effects Through the Hippo Signalling Pathway in Feline and Canine Mammary Gland Cells.

Gao Yi Y, Sun Xue X, Ma Yan Y, Li Jiaxi J et al.

Ageing is a progressive decline in organ function and tissue integrity caused by genetic, environmental and physiological factors. With the increasing lifespan of companion animals, effective anti-ageing interventions for elderly felines and canines have attracted growing attention in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to investigate the anti-ageing effects of green tea extract, keratin hydrolysate and vitamin C in feline and canine mammary gland cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Feline and canine mammary gland cells were treated with green tea extract, keratin hydrolysate and vitamin C in vitro. Cell proliferation, oxidative stress responses and ageing-associated protein expression induced by actinomycin D were evaluated. The involvement of the Hippo signalling pathway was further analysed to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-ageing effects. Green tea extract, keratin hydrolysate and vitamin C significantly promoted the proliferation of feline and canine mammary gland cells. These treatments effectively restored the abnormal expression of ageing-related proteins induced by actinomycin D and exhibited protective effects against oxidative damage. Mechanistically, the anti-ageing effects were associated with regulation of the Hippo signalling pathway. Green tea extract, keratin hydrolysate and vitamin C exhibit significant anti-ageing effects in feline and canine mammary gland cells through modulation of the Hippo pathway. These findings suggest their potential as safe and effective anti-ageing interventions for improving health and alleviating geriatric syndromes in ageing companion animals.

PMID 42499304
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PubMedBMJ case reports2026-07-25

Early-onset non-oliguric hyperkalaemia in a moderate preterm infant following maternal magnesium sulfate therapy.

Balamurugan Pasupathi Raj PR, Debbarma Roma R, Shimpiger Santhosh S, Js Anil Kumar AK et al.

Early neonatal hyperkalaemia is uncommon but may cause life-threatening arrhythmias if untreated. While most cases occur in extremely low-birth-weight infants after 24 hours of life, hyperkalaemia within the first few hours after birth is unusual.Magnesium sulfate, commonly used for pre-eclampsia, crosses the placenta and can cause neonatal hypermagnesaemia, which may disrupt potassium balance by inhibiting sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity and renal outer medullary potassium channel-mediated distal tubular potassium secretion.A preterm infant born at 33+4 weeks' gestation developed severe hyperkalaemia, with serum potassium 7.65 mmol/L and hypermagnesaemia within 2 hours of life. Electrocardiography, urine output, acid-base status and renal ultrasonography were normal. Postpartum maternal evaluation showed hypermagnesaemia and hyperkalaemia, suggesting a possible maternal contribution. Following rapid recognition and treatment with salbutamol and insulin-dextrose, serum potassium normalised and no arrhythmias occurred.This case shows that early-onset neonatal hyperkalaemia can occur in moderately preterm infants after maternal magnesium sulfate exposure, highlighting the importance of early detection and management.

PMID 42498323
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PubMedGalen medical journal2026-07-25

Diagnostic Performance and Radio-Pathologic Correlation of Image-Guided Biopsy in Head and Neck Lesions: A Systematic Review : Short title: Diagnostic Performance and Radio-Pathologic Correlation of Image-Guided Biopsy in Head and Neck Lesions.

Al-Hakami Hadi H

Accurate diagnosis of head and neck lesions relies heavily on image-guided biopsy techniques, which facilitate targeted sampling and enable radiologic-pathologic correlation. Increasing use of CT-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and core-needle biopsy (CNB) necessitates updated evaluation of their diagnostic performance and safety. To systematically identify, appraise, and synthesize published evidence on the diagnostic accuracy, tissue adequacy, and radio-pathologic concordance of image-guided biopsy for head and neck lesions. This review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and a protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251181567). Searches were conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (January 2018-September 2025). Eligible studies included human subjects undergoing image-guided FNAC or CNB with reported diagnostic outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed quality using QUADAS-2. Due to methodological and clinical heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not performed. From 345 records, eight studies met inclusion criteria. Most were retrospective (8/10), evaluating CT-guided FNAC, CNB, or percutaneous needle biopsy across cervical, suprahyoid, salivary, lymphatic, thyroid, and skull base lesions. Diagnostic sensitivities ranged from 85-95%, specificities from 92-97%, and overall accuracies from 90-96%. Diagnostic yield was high (85-100%), and radio-pathologic concordance consistently exceeded 87%. Complications were uncommon and generally minor, except for hilar lymph node biopsies, which showed higher pneumothorax rates. Image-guided biopsy of head and neck lesions demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy and excellent radio-pathologic concordance across diverse anatomic regions, supporting its role as a reliable, minimally invasive diagnostic tool. Despite strong performance in deep and complex spaces, procedure-specific complication risks-particularly in hilar lymph node sampling-should inform clinical decision-making.

PMID 42499369
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PubMedThe Medical clinics of North America2026-07-25

Diagnostic Tools in Sleep Medicine.

Yuan Nathaniel N, Avidan Alon Y AY

This article presents a structured, clinically grounded approach to the diagnosis of sleep disorders. Key conceptual distinctions are clarified to support accurate symptom characterization and avoid diagnostic misclassification. Validated screening instruments are reviewed. Objective diagnostic modalities are discussed. The role of the physical examination and targeted biomarkers is emphasized as a means of enhancing diagnostic precision in selected patients. Through integration of clinical data, subjective assessments, and objective measures, the experienced clinician can accurately diagnose and manage common sleep disorders including insomnia, hypersomnolence disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders while delivering individualized, patient-centered care.

PMID 42498433
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