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naloxone HCl (REZENOPY)

✓ Approved

Scienture Inc. · OPRM1

What is naloxone HCl?

naloxone HCl is a therapeutic agent developed by Scienture Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesREZENOPY
CompanyScienture Inc.
Molecular TargetOPRM1
RouteInhaled
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Scienture Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

naloxone HCl acts on 1 molecular target:

OPRM1opioid receptor mu 1 (MOR1, LMOR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

naloxone HCl is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Injury, poisoning and procedural complicationsToxicity to various agents✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedCureus2026-11-11

Attitudes Among Physician Associates Regarding Naloxone Prescribing for the Treatment of Opioid Overdose.

Novak Amanda A, Brondstater Kirsten N KN

Objective This study aims to explore and better understand current attitudes and barriers among physician associates (PAs) toward naloxone prescribing to inform efforts that support wider adoption of overdose prevention strategies through naloxone prescribing.  Methods This is a cross-sectional, descriptive survey study with quantitative and qualitative components. This 33-question survey was distributed to PAs who have graduated from an accredited PA program via email and social media.  Results Ninety PAs across 34 states and 27 specialties completed the survey. Respondents affirm use of naloxone as a life-saving intervention and support its normalization in the community. Results also identified prescribing barriers and potential opportunities to decrease stigma and increase the prescribing rates of naloxone. Conclusions PAs demonstrated broadly favorable attitudes toward naloxone and overdose prevention; however, time constraints, concerns regarding patient perceptions, uncertainty regarding state-specific laws, and gaps in confidence were identified as potential barriers to routine prescribing. The results of this survey suggest that further work in developing real-world insights and educating PAs is likely to result in increased naloxone prescribing.

PMID 43011136
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PubMedFrontiers in physiology2026-11-11

Differential effects of L-alanine, L-glutamine, L-arginine HCl, and glycine on feed intake and hypothalamic appetite-related responses in layer-type chicks.

Ghashghaei Elham E, Mijiyawa Ahmed A, Riaz Muhammad Faisal MF, Wang Minghui M et al.

While the effects of L-alanine, L-glutamine, L-arginine monohydrochloride (L-arginine HCl) and glycine on feed intake (FI) have been studied in chicks, their hypothalamic neuropeptide responses in layers remain unclear. Therefore, four trials were conducted to investigate the central effects of these amino acids on feed intake and hypothalamic neuropeptides in layer chicks. After intracerebroventricular administration, cumulative FI was measured over 2 hours and gene expression levels were determined using RT-PCR. Our results showed that L-alanine (1 µg and 2 µg) decreased FI at 120 minutes post-injection and was associated with decreased neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA expression (P < 0.05). L-glutamine (3 µg) increased FI at 60 minutes post-injection (P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on proopiomelanocortin (POMC), NPY, melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) or agouti-related peptide (AgRP) (P > 0.05). L-arginine HCl (1 µg) decreased FI at 120 minutes post-injection, while increasing POMC and MC4R expression, and decreasing NPY (P < 0.05). Glycine (3 µg) significantly reduced FI at all measured time intervals (P < 0.05). It had no impact on POMC expression (P > 0.05), but increased MC4R expression (P < 0.05) and reduced NPY expression more than AgRP expression, although neither was significantly decreased (P > 0.05). These results suggest that the effect of individual amino acids on FI and hypothalamic neuropeptide expression in layer chicks depends on the type and dose of amino acid. The present findings provide evidence of the acute central effects of amino acids in layer chicks.

PMID 43010951
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PubMedRSC advances2026-11-11

An ultra-sensitive and sustainable spectrofluorimetric approach for trace analysis of dinitolmide residues in complex food matrices.

Magdy Galal G, Ebrahim Shaimaa S, El-Domany Ramadan A RA, Belal Fathalla F

The extensive veterinary use of dinitolmide (DNT) as an anticoccidial drug has raised increasing concerns regarding its residual occurrence in poultry-derived foods and the associated risks to consumer health, necessitating the development of rapid, sensitive, and environmentally sustainable analytical methods. Herein, the first spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of DNT residues in poultry matrices is presented. The assay is based on the fluorescence response observed after treatment of DNT with a Zn/HCl system. This response is consistent with the proposed reduction of DNT nitro group(s) to amino group(s), although the structure of the resulting fluorescent product was not independently confirmed. The Zn/HCl-treated product exhibited intense fluorescence emission at 427 nm following excitation at 305 nm, enabling sensitive quantification of DNT. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the method displayed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 30.0-250.0 ng mL-1 (r = 0.9997), with limits of detection and quantification of 7.14 and 21.65 ng mL-1, respectively. The analytical performance was comprehensively optimized by investigating the variables influencing the reduction reaction and fluorescence response, while the fluorescence quantum yield of the formed derivative was also determined. The method was successfully validated and applied to spiked chicken meat, liver, kidney, fat, and skin samples, yielding satisfactory recoveries across the investigated concentration levels. The selected spiking levels were evaluated in relation to the reported maximum residue limits (MRLs) for DNT in the corresponding poultry tissues. Furthermore, the environmental sustainability of the proposed assay was comprehensively assessed using the Multi-color Assessment (MA) Tool, the Analytical Green Star Area (AGSA), the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) metric, all demonstrating excellent green analytical performance. Combining operational simplicity, favorable analytical sensitivity, and satisfactory accuracy and precision, the proposed method offers an accessible alternative for determining DNT residues in poultry-derived food products. Although the results support its potential applicability to the investigated poultry matrices, further studies are warranted to strengthen its suitability for routine residue monitoring.

PMID 43011892
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PubMedAnalytical chemistry2026-11-11

Machine Learning Prediction of Molar Mass Distribution of Polymers Forming Fibrous Structures.

Attallah Nashwa L NL, Mobredi Kourosh K, Miranda-Valdez Isaac Y IY, Guccini Valentina V et al.

Molecular weight parameters, such as molar mass distribution (MMD), are core characteristics of polymer materials. While MMD is routinely measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), the procedure takes time and resources and requires specific, relatively costly instruments. Polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin are particularly difficult to dissolve. Herein, we report on the potential of combining hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with machine learning (ML) to predict, at different length scales, the MMDs of these sparingly soluble fibrous polymers from visible-range HS images (420-730 nm) of the solid substrate. A Gaussian process regression model was trained on principal component representations of the HS cubes against MMDs measured by GPC. HCl-vapor hydrolysis served as a controlled degradation pathway that altered the degree of polymerization without detectable morphological change. Although samples appear identical to the eye and under electron microscopy, HSI captures systematic optical differences that can be empirically related to GPC-measured MMD within the investigated hydrolyzed samples. Predicted distributions matched the GPC reference, with curve RMSEs of 0.009-0.027 (native cellulose paper), 0.017-0.050 (cellulose nanopaper), and 0.016-0.029 (chitin nanopaper). The principal features of the bimodal MMD of cellulose nanopaper and the leveling-off degree of polymerization were both recovered. The workflow uses a microscope, a tunable bandpass filter, and a digital camera, completing HSI acquisition and prediction in a few minutes per sample. This approach provides a non-destructive, solvent-free complement to traditional analytical techniques. The presented case study is a proof-of-concept, calibrated against GPC reference data for the specific materials and protocols studied here. Expanding to other polymer systems would require establishing a similar chromatographic reference for each new system.

PMID 43010517
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PubMedJournal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology2026-11-10

ACMT Position Statement: Administer Expired Naloxone When Unexpired Naloxone Is Unavailable.

Mazer-Amirshahi Maryann M, Meadows Jonathan J, Stolbach Andrew A

PMID 43004055
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PubMedRSC advances2026-11-10

Construction of K3PW12O40/ZnIn2S4 heterostructures with a likely direct Z-scheme pathway for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and antibiotic degradation.

Chen Yong Y, Wen Xiaowei X, Yu Chunhong C, Lu Dawei D et al.

Developing efficient visible-light-responsive photocatalysts for solar fuel production and pollutant remediation remains challenging because of insufficient light harvesting and rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Herein, K3PW12O40/ZnIn2S4 (KPW/ZIS) heterostructured composites were prepared via a facile solvothermal route and evaluated for visible-light-driven H2 evolution and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) degradation. Structural and spectroscopic characterizations confirmed the integration of KPW with flower-like ZIS and the formation of intimate interfacial contact between the two components. The incorporation of ZIS broadened the visible-light response of KPW and promoted the separation and interfacial transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. Among the prepared composites, ZK-3 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, achieving an H2 evolution rate of 325.61 ± 5.22 µmol g-1 h-1 and a TC-HCl removal efficiency of 69.88 ± 0.91% within 120 min. The corresponding apparent pseudo-first-order rate constant for TC-HCl degradation was 0.010 min-1. Photoelectrochemical measurements, band-structure analysis, reactive-species trapping experiments, and electron spin resonance measurements collectively supported a possible direct Z-scheme charge-transfer pathway. In addition, ZK-3 retained its photocatalytic activity during repeated cycling tests. These results provide a viable approach to constructing polyoxometalate-based sulfide heterostructures for bifunctional solar-energy conversion and environmental remediation.

PMID 43005941
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