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naloxone HCl (REZENOPY)

✓ Approved

Scienture Inc. · OPRM1

What is naloxone HCl?

naloxone HCl is a therapeutic agent developed by Scienture Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesREZENOPY
CompanyScienture Inc.
Molecular TargetOPRM1
RouteInhaled
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Scienture Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

naloxone HCl acts on 1 molecular target:

OPRM1opioid receptor mu 1 (MOR1, LMOR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

naloxone HCl is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Injury, poisoning and procedural complicationsToxicity to various agents✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of applied toxicology : JAT2026-09-19

Adding Treatment-Continuity Metrics to Opioid Toxicity Investigation: A Triangulation Hypothesis for Applied Toxicology.

Huang Yu-Wen YW, Wei Lien-Chung LC

Fatal opioid toxicity is proximally mediated by respiratory depression, but whether an opioid exposure becomes lethal depends on opioid identity, dose, potency, route, tolerance, co-intoxicants, naloxone availability, and the response environment. Interruption of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) may alter several of these conditions through medication-uncovered time, withdrawal-driven re-exposure, tolerance change, and loss of clinical contact. We position treatment continuity as an additional time-varying exposure for overdose investigation, not as a substitute for or presumed priority over recent release from custody, treatment cessation, polydrug use, use in isolation, or lack of naloxone. We hypothesize that adding a time-resolved OAT continuity timeline to established person-, agent-, and environment-level variables will improve identification of modifiable pathways to fatal and nonfatal opioid toxicity. Its contribution is expected to vary by OAT medication and dose, treatment phase, supervised or take-home delivery, accessibility, and accompanying interventions. We propose triangulation across postmortem or clinical toxicology, longitudinal treatment and dispensing records, health and correctional data, and structured event review. A Haddon matrix organizes determinants across pre-event, event, and postevent phases. Core measures include documented OAT coverage-gap days, time to reassessment and relinkage, dose and delivery conditions, transition context, co-intoxicants, naloxone coverage, and rescue timing. Taiwan is presented as an instructive access setting rather than a universal delivery model. The hypothesis is testable through linked time-updated cohorts, within-person analyses, policy evaluations, and structured mortality and near-fatal-event review.

PMID 42760834
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PubMedBMJ case reports2026-09-18

Disseminated Fusarium infection following cladribine chemotherapy for hairy-cell leukaemia.

Dandan Matthew M, Anwer Saba S, Kidwell Adam A, Aldrete Sol Del Mar SDM

Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is a B-cell malignancy whose induction chemotherapy consists of 5 days of cladribine, a purine nucleoside analogue. While there are consensus guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) on antifungal prophylaxis in the setting of acute myeloid leukaemia or acute lymphocytic leukaemia, there are no consensus guidelines for antifungal prophylaxis during induction treatment of HCL. We describe a case of angioinvasive Fusarium infection in a healthy, young patient who completed cladribine chemotherapy for HCL. While rare, fusariosis poses a significant morbidity and mortality risk in neutropenic patients undergoing treatment. Prevention of fusariosis requires appropriate prophylactic agents and treatment requires resolution of neutropenia and the elimination of the fungus. This case highlights early recognition and prompt start of antifungals as the cornerstone of management. Antifungal prophylaxis is not routinely recommended during HCL induction, and whether patients might benefit from prophylaxis warrants further study.

PMID 42760024
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PubMedEuropean addiction research2026-09-18

AI-Enabled Prescribing in Opioid Use Disorder Care: Decision Support, Risk Scores, Large Language Model Copilots, and Digital Therapeutics (2024-2025).

Zack Mike M, Skryabin Valentin V

This narrative, practice-oriented review maps the 2024-2025 landscape of AI-enabled prescribing in opioid use disorder (OUD) care, where the evidence base is most developed, while noting cautious extension to other substance use disorders (SUDs). We link concrete clinical decisions to fit-for-purpose tools across four domains: EHR-embedded prediction and safety nudges; PDMP-derived analytics and risk scores; clinician-facing large language model (LLM) copilots; and prescription digital therapeutics, just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs), and personal sensing systems. The regulatory analysis uses U.S. frameworks as worked examples and translates the same governance questions to European settings through the EU AI Act, MDR/IVDR medical software requirements, GDPR, the European Health Data Space, and the HMA-EMA data and AI workplan. Evidence maturity is uneven. EHR-based clinical decision support for naloxone co-prescribing and protocolized buprenorphine initiation has the most established implementation base. PDMP risk scores are clinically visible but incompletely validated and should remain advisory. Digital therapeutics and JITAI approaches may support engagement and retention, but they should not automate dosing. LLM copilots are most defensible as audited, citation-first conformance checkers rather than autonomous prescribers; patient-facing agents should be restricted to education, skills support, navigation, and escalation. Across settings, the highest-yield systems are transparent, narrowly scoped, workflow-native, and evaluated with prescribing-centered outcomes such as dose optimization, 28/90/180-day retention, naloxone co-prescribing and fills, and overdose-related safety. We propose safeguards that keep AI explainable, equitable, transferable across health systems, and subordinate to clinical judgment.

PMID 42758653
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PubMedArchives of environmental contamination and toxicology2026-09-18

Color-Dependent Adsorption Behavior of Tetracycline onto Aged Microplastics.

Jin Ruixin R, Li Xiang X, Li Mingyu M, Shen Maocai M

Microplastics have become a significant problem threatening both ecological systems and human health. This study focuses on four colors (red, yellow, blue, and green) of polypropylene (PP) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the impact of color differences before and after aging on their environmental behavior. The findings indicate that color is a key factor influencing the aging behavior of microplastics. The red PP surface develops dense wrinkles, while the blue PP exhibits irregular flaking. After aging, the average particle size of PP decreases by 6-30%, with red and yellow PP particles showing even greater reductions. Adsorption studies reveal that microplastics display color-dependent patterns in their adsorption behavior toward tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl). For virgin microplastics, the adsorption capacity order is red > blue > yellow ≈ green. After aging, this order shifts to red > yellow ≈ green > blue, with yellow and green microplastics showing significant improvements in adsorption performance. Both pH and ionic strength influence the adsorption behavior of colored microplastics. The adsorption of TC-HCl by virgin PP reaches its maximum at pH 9, whereas aged PP achieves maximum adsorption at pH 7. For PMMA, maximum adsorption capacity before and after aging occur at pH 5. Low concentrations of NaCl enhance adsorption capacity, but adsorption decreases as NaCl concentration increases. This study provides a theoretical basis for assessing the ecological risks posed by different colored microplastics in complex pollution scenarios.

PMID 42758337
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PubMedACS omega2026-09-18

Comprehensive Experimental, Theoretical, and Surface Characterization Studies on the Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism, Electrochemical Durability, and Long-Term Protection Ability of a 5‑Mercapto-1-Methyltetrazole Film on Mild Steel in 1 M HCl Solution.

Çelik Aleattin A, Solmaz Ramazan R

In this study, the adsorption behavior and corrosion inhibition performance of 5-mercapto-1-methyltetrazole (MMT) on mild steel (MS) were comprehensively evaluated in 1 M HCl solution by electrochemical, surface-characterization and quantum-chemical methods. In order to clearly demonstrate its novelty and suitability for practical applications compared to conventional short-term assessments, the electrochemical durability and long-term protective ability of the inhibitor film were examined. It was shown that the inhibition efficiency depends on MMT concentration and remains exceptionally high, reaching approximately 97.3% (LPR) and 95.8% (PDP) even after 120 h of continuous immersion. MMT acts as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor with a predominant cathodic inhibition effect at low concentrations. The corrosion reaction is charge-transfer-controlled, and the MMT molecules form a barrier by adsorbing at the metal/solution interface. Thermodynamic calculations yield an adsorption free energy (ΔG ads) of -33.2 kJ/mol, which suggests that the adsorption process involves mixed physisorption and chemisorption contributions, with a tendency toward stronger chemical interactions. SEM and EDX mapping analyses confirm a uniform distribution of the MMT film across the steel surface. Rather than degrading over time, the MMT film dynamically rearranges and compacts. Potential of zero charge (PZC) measurements indicate that the metal surface carries an excess positive surface charge. The assembled surface film is electrochemically durable under both chronoamperometric and cyclic voltammetric conditions.

PMID 42756848
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PubMedDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026-09-18

Metabolic and Psychological Effects of Mylife CamAPS FX Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes, Markedly Elevated HbA1c, and Psychological Vulnerability: The Hi-Loop Randomised Clinical Trial.

Hohendorff J J, Klupa T T, Wrobel M M, Grzelka-Wozniak A A et al.

To evaluate whether the myLoop powered by CamAPS FX hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system improves glycaemic control and to explore selected psychological outcomes in adults with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM), markedly elevated HbA1c, and predefined psychological burden. In a 3-month multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial, adults with T1DM, HbA1c ≥ 9.0%, and psychological vulnerability were randomly assigned to myLoop CamAPS FX or optimised pre-study insulin therapy with Dexcom G6. Primary outcomes were between-group differences in changes in HbA1c and time in range (TIR) at 3 months. Psychological outcomes were prespecified as descriptive, exploratory within-group changes using validated questionnaires. Thirty participants were randomised (mean age 32.7 ± 12.8 years; diabetes duration 13.3 ± 8.5 years; baseline HbA1c 10.5% ± 1.3%, TIR 29.6% ± 18.9%). From baseline to 3 months, mean HbA1c and TIR changed by -2.5% and +27.4% in the myLoop CamAPS FX group and by -0.9% and -2.7% in the control group, with adjusted differences of -1.7% (95% CI: -2.6; -0.8) for HbA1c and 28.8% (95% CI: 16.8; 40.9) for TIR in favour of myLoop CamAPS FX. Diabetes burnout decreased in both groups, but only the myLoop CamAPS FX group moved from above to at or below the prespecified study threshold (median 3.5-2.0; p = 0.012). Psychological well-being increased in the mylife CamAPS FX group (World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index [WHO-5]: 12.0-14.0; p = 0.031), while anxiety-related symptoms decreased in both groups. Changes in diabetes distress and depressive symptoms were modest; reductions in PHQ-9 and PAID scores were observed only in the control group. These psychological findings are exploratory and are not based on formal between-group efficacy testing. In adults with T1DM, markedly elevated HbA1c, and substantial psychological burden, myLoop CamAPS FX significantly improved glycaemic control compared with standard therapy. During HCL use, decreases in diabetes burnout and anxiety-related symptoms and an improvement in psychological well-being were observed; these exploratory psychological findings require confirmation in adequately powered between-group analyses.

PMID 42755121
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