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naloxone HCl (REZENOPY)

✓ Approved

Scienture Inc. · OPRM1

What is naloxone HCl?

naloxone HCl is a therapeutic agent developed by Scienture Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesREZENOPY
CompanyScienture Inc.
Molecular TargetOPRM1
RouteInhaled
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Scienture Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

naloxone HCl acts on 1 molecular target:

OPRM1opioid receptor mu 1 (MOR1, LMOR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

naloxone HCl is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Injury, poisoning and procedural complicationsToxicity to various agents✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedResuscitation2026-05-24

Naloxone administration associated with improved survival in PEA out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.

Niederberger Sara M SM, Wang Ralph C RC, Rodriguez Robert M RM, Montoy Juan Carlos C JCC et al.

The prevalence of opioid-associated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OA-OHCA) is increasing in the United States. Naloxone administration during OA-OHCA has been associated with improved clinical outcomes, but identifying OA-OHCA in the field remains challenging. Previous work demonstrated association between non-shockable cardiac rhythms and OA-OHCA, suggesting that cardiac rhythm may help identify patients likely to benefit from naloxone. In this work, we assessed the association of naloxone with clinical outcomes for patients with OHCA, stratifying by presenting cardiac rhythm. We used 2019-2020 data from the ESO Data Collaborative in this retrospective cohort study. Cases were classified a priori according to presenting rhythm (shockable rhythm, pulseless electrical activity [PEA], asystole). The exposure was prehospital naloxone administration and outcomes of interest were prehospital ROSC and survival to hospital discharge. We utilized logistic regression and adjusted propensity-score matching to determine associations with outcomes. We analyzed 40,333 cases in which 7,567 (18.8%) patients received naloxone. Before matching, the rate of prehospital ROSC was 21.5% and survival to hospital discharge was 9.0%. After propensity score matching, patients in PEA who received naloxone had similar rates of ROSC (OR 1.09, 95%CI 0.90-1.31) and higher survival (OR 1.46, 95%CI 1.11-1.92). Naloxone administration was not associated with differences in either outcome in patients presenting with shockable rhythms or asystole. Given the retrospective nature of this work, we were unable to fully address selection bias or resuscitation time bias and cannot comment on causality. In this national cohort, naloxone administration was associated with improved survival to hospital discharge for OHCA patients in PEA. No association was found between naloxone and clinical outcomes for OHCA patients with shockable rhythms or asystole. Prospective, randomized trials are needed to assess for true causality.

PMID 42176972
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PubMedJournal of microencapsulation2026-05-24

Granulation-driven modulation of improved advanced flow properties with immediate drug release using modified Eudragit EPO granules.

Chilbule Yogesh Y, Karanwad Tukaram T, Banerjee Subham S

This study aimed to improve the flowability and manufacturability of cohesive Eudragit EPO using wet granulation for immediate-release tablet formulations. rPowder flow properties were evaluated using conventional micromeritic methods and advanced rheological analysis with a Brookfield Powder Flow Tester. Wet granulation was performed using 0.25% w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, with and without isoniazid as a model drug. Granules and tablets were characterised for particle properties, solid-state behaviour, physicomechanical characteristics, and drug release. Raw Eudragit EPO exhibited poor flowability and high cohesiveness. Wet granulation significantly improved flow properties, increased particle size, and reduced surface area. Tablets prepared from optimised granules showed acceptable hardness, friability, disintegration, content uniformity, and complete drug release within 2 h in 0.1 N HCl. Solid-state analyses confirmed chemical compatibility and partial amorphization without degradation. Wet granulation effectively transformed Eudragit EPO into a free-flowing and compressible material suitable for immediate-release tablet manufacturing.

PMID 42176338
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PubMedThe American surgeon2026-05-23

Early Postanesthesia Recovery Room Markers Associated With Delayed Respiratory Depression.

Deljou Atousa A, Ghafouri Kimia K, Sprung Juraj J, Schroeder Darrell R DR et al.

BackgroundPostoperative respiratory depression (PRD) is potentially preventable yet remains difficult to preemptively detect. We evaluated whether three post anesthesia care unit (PACU) events-oversedation, caffeine administration for impaired arousal, and naloxone administration-can serve as early markers of delayed PRD requiring naloxone administration on wards.MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients who underwent general anesthesia between 2018 and 2023 at a quaternary care academic medical center. From electronic medical records, we retrieved PACU naloxone and caffeine treatments, scores of sedation assessments using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS), and ward naloxone administrations within 24 hours after PACU discharge.ResultsAmong 95 870 patients, 186 (0.19%, 95% CI 0.17-0.22) required naloxone for respiratory depression after PACU discharge. Ward naloxone administration was independently associated with naloxone (OR 9.11, 95% CI 4.69-17.71, P < 0.001) and caffeine (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.21-3.32, P = 0.007) administrations, and with PACU RASS scores ≤ -3 (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.56-2.99, P < 0.001).ConclusionsNaloxone administration in PACU was the strongest predictor of delayed PRD, followed by oversedation and PACU caffeine administration, indicating that information routinely collected during PACU recovery may offer insight into delayed respiratory risk before transition to hospital wards. In light of the overall low incidence of ward naloxone use, these findings support selective, risk-based vigilance for patients exhibiting these PACU events rather than broad adjustments to existing monitoring practices.

PMID 42175723
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PubMedChemistryOpen2026-05-22

Impact of Acid Dopants (HCl vs. H2SO4) on the Structure, Performance, and Reusability of Bio-Based Luffa/Polyaniline Composites for Methylene Blue Adsorption.

Mehennaoui Rayane R, Merzouki Soraya S, Neghmouche Nacer Salah S, Mehennaoui Abderrahmane A et al.

Sustainable and low-cost Luffa cylindrica/polyaniline (LC/PAN) composite adsorbents were developed for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The effect of acid dopants (hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) on the structural properties and adsorption performance of the composites was systematically investigated. LC/PAN materials were synthesized via a dual-acid doping approach and characterized using FT-IR, Raman, SEM, XRD, TGA, and BET techniques. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the influence of adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH, and temperature, while adsorption behavior was analyzed using kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic models. Although the HCl-doped LC/PAN exhibited a higher BET surface area (20.8 m2/g), the H2SO4-doped composite showed superior MB adsorption capacity (Qmax  ≈  10 mg/g), indicating that surface chemistry plays a more critical role than total porosity. The adsorption process was rapid, followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm, and was spontaneous and exothermic. These results demonstrate that acid dopant selection is a key factor in tailoring LC/PAN biocomposites for efficient and sustainable dye adsorption.

PMID 42168773
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PubMedEpilepsy & behavior : E&B2026-05-22

Effective treatment for lithium pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus: clonazepam and lacosamide combination.

Demirtas Cumaali C, Akca Metehan M, Aykin Ugur U, Surmeneli Yunus Emre YE et al.

This study aimed to investigate the potential of clonazepam (CLZ), one of the benzodiazepines used in the first-line treatment of status epilepticus, in combination with anti-seizure medications such as levetiracetam (LEV), lacosamide (LCM), valproic acid (VPA), and fosphenytoin (fPHT), which are used in second-line treatment, in polytherapy. Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to seven groups. A status epilepticus model was induced by injection of lithium Cl (5 mEq/kg, s.c.) and pilocarpine HCl (320 mg/kg, i.p.). After induction of status epilepticus, CLZ (1 mg/kg) was administered either alone or in combination with LEV (200 mg/kg), LCM (50 mg/kg), VPA (300 mg/kg), and fPHT (100 mg/kg). Video-EEG recordings were taken from the animals, and behavioral tests were performed. Mortality rates were significantly lower in the CLZ + LCM, CLZ + VPA, and CLZ + fPHT groups compared to the status epilepticus group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively), and in the CLZ + LCM and CLZ + fPHT groups compared to CLZ monotherapy (p < 0.05). Spike frequency decreased in all combination groups (p < 0.01). Spike amplitude decreased in the CLZ + LCM and CLZ + VPA combinations (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively). Anxiety levels increased in the CLZ + LCM and CLZ + VPA groups (p < 0.05). Performance impairment related to spatial memory was observed in the CLZ + fPHT group (p < 0.05). A decrease in forced motor functions was observed in the CLZ + VPA and CLZ + fPHT groups compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, CLZ alone and the CLZ-LEV combination were insufficient to prevent epileptiform activity associated with status epilepticus, whereas CLZ-based polytherapies -most notably CLZ-LCM, followed by CLZ-VPA and CLZ-fPHT- were more effective in reducing epileptiform spike frequency and amplitude.

PMID 42166925
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PubMedSoft matter2026-05-22

Overview: the Janus-nature of molecular CO2 in charge adjustment at wet surfaces.

Vogel Peter P, Qaisrani Muhammad Nawaz MN, Rasenat Mattis M, Lützenkirchen Johannes J et al.

Molecular CO2 readily dissolves in aqueous electrolyte solutions and partially dissociating to form carbonic acid. The decharging effects of the dissociation products mediated by the ensuing pH-shift and the additional salinity are well established. However, the effects of dissolved molecular CO2 have not been studied systematically. We summarize recent and novel investigations on the role of CO2 regarding charge control at surfaces submersed in aqueous electrolytes. In our electrokinetic and conductometric measurements on representative surfaces, we took special care to control and monitor the electrolyte composition in situ. We discriminate the effects of molecular and dissociated CO2via control experiments using HCl. Depending on the surface under investigation and the charging mechanisms involved, we find that molecular CO2 assists either charging, de-charging and/or recharging. This contrasting charge regulating behaviour reveals the Janus nature of dissolved molecular CO2 with respect to charge control at wet surfaces. In our complementary molecular dynamics simulations, Q4 silica and 9% ionized Q3 silica surfaces are studied as hydrophobic/hydrophilic, respectively charged/uncharged, analogues, as well as uncharged Q3 silica and molecularly rough Isoleucin-coated quartz surfaces. In all cases, we find that the charge-neutral CO2 molecule physisorbs in a thin diffusive layer close to the surface, which leads to pronounced re-structuring of the electric double layer. Based on this result, we suggest to interpret the experimentally observed Janus nature of molecular CO2 in terms of a local decrease of the dielectric permittivity. This in turn leads to a local strengthening of electrostatic interactions dominating the double layer structure next to charged surfaces. Specifically, we propose that CO2 induces a dielectric charge regulation for weakly acidic surface groups, assists the incorporation of OH- into the H-bond network at smooth inert surfaces, and induces significant ion-correlations promoting co-ion binding. Overall, we demonstrate that molecular CO2 allows for a controlled charge-adjustment in opposing directions. We anticipate that our findings on the one hand provide substantial challenges for analytical or numerical modelling as well as for controlled experimental work, but on the other hand bear important practical implications for applications ranging from desalination to bio-membranes.

PMID 42171115
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