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ribavirin + PEG-IFNalpha-2a (Copegus + Pegasys / Pegasys + Copegus / Pegasys/Copegus)

✓ Approved

Roche · IFNAR2 · Small Molecule

What is ribavirin + PEG-IFNalpha-2a?

ribavirin + PEG-IFNalpha-2a is a small molecule developed by Roche. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or oral (po) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesCopegus + Pegasys, Pegasys + Copegus, Pegasys/Copegus
CompanyRoche
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetIFNAR2
RouteInjectable (Others), Oral (PO), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Roche

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

ribavirin + PEG-IFNalpha-2a acts on 1 molecular target:

IFNAR2interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2 (IFNARB, IFN-alpha-REC)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

ribavirin + PEG-IFNalpha-2a is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsHepatitis C✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedDalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)2026-09-18

Se2B17H17: a selenaborane platform for coordination chemistry.

Bould Jonathan J, Litecká Miroslava M, Clegg William W, Kennedy John D JD et al.

Reaction of Se2B17H171 with [(dppe)NiCl2] and N,N'-dimethylnaphthalenediamine (tmnd) typically gives new nineteen-vertex n-[10-(dppe)-10,9,11'-NiSe2B16H16] 2a (63% yield) and new twelve-vertex [2-(dppe)-closo-2,1-NiSeB10H10] 3 (up to 9% yield) of known structural type. Occasionally, an isomer of 2a, specifically new iso-[10-(dppe)-10-9,9'-NiSe2B16H16] 2b, is obtained in yields of up to 4.5%. On one occasion, an isopropoxy-substituted derivative of 2a, specifically new [8-(Me2HCO)-10-(dppe)-10,9,11'-NiSe2B16H15] 4, was also isolated, a compound presumably resulting from an acetone impurity during the preparative process. Incidental to the work, the [Se2B17H16]- anion 5, was isolated as its [tmndH]+ salt 5a. New compounds 2a, 2b, 3, 4, and 5a were characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, as well as by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and by concordance with the results of DFT nuclear shielding calculations.

PMID 42757557
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PubMedThe Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research2026-09-18

Cerebral Air Embolism Occurring During Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy.

Kang Sun Hyung SH

Air embolism is a rare but potentially fatal complication of gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures, primarily affecting the pulmonary circulation. Systemic air embolism, especially with cerebral involvement, is exceedingly uncommon. We report a case of cerebral air embolism that occurred during percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) using the pull method in a 65-year-old man with dysphagia due to progressive supranuclear palsy with frontotemporal dementia. Immediately after guidewire externalization, the patient experienced sudden respiratory arrest and hemodynamic collapse, necessitating cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Although aspiration was initially suspected, chest radiography showed no abnormalities. As spontaneous respiration did not recover, brain CT was performed, revealing multiple intracranial air densities consistent with cerebral air embolism. Transthoracic echocardiography showed no evidence of a right-to-left shunt. The patient received hyperbaric oxygen therapy; however, impaired consciousness persisted, likely due to hypoxic brain injury. This case suggests that excessive air insufflation and vascular injury during PEG may cause systemic air embolism even in the absence of an identifiable intracardiac shunt. Clinicians should consider this rare but life-threatening complication when unexplained cardiopulmonary collapse occurs during PEG.

PMID 42755006
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PubMedJournal of neuroscience methods2026-09-18

TopoAdapter: a plug-and-play multi-hop topology adapter for MI-EEG decoding.

Cai Yu Y, Guo Qianjin Q, Lin Xiaozhu X

Motor imagery electroencephalography (MI-EEG) decoding is limited by low signal-to-noise ratio, non-stationarity, inter-subject variability, and small calibration sets. Lightweight decoders are attractive for online BCI but often learn channel relations only from limited training data. We introduce TopoAdapter, a plug-and-play input module that injects a fixed electrode-layout prior into existing EEG backbones. It builds a physical electrode graph from the montage, computes cumulative multi-hop channel-to-neighborhood contrasts, and adds a learnable low-amplitude residual while preserving input shape. Under an aligned 500-epoch, five-seed ATCNet protocol, mean accuracy changes were +1.17 and +0.13 percentage points on the BCI Competition IV-2a and Zhou2016 motor-imagery datasets, respectively, and +0.36 points on the High-Gamma executed-movement dataset. All three dataset-level means were positive; the BCI IV-2a and High-Gamma bootstrap intervals excluded zero, although no paired test remained significant after three-dataset Holm correction. In a separate BCI IV-2a compatibility study, all seven selected backbones improved on average and three retained Holm-adjusted Wilcoxon evidence. Unlike graph neural decoders that redesign the backbone, TopoAdapter keeps downstream components unchanged. In a matched comparison with the open-source Adaptive Channel Mixing Layer (ACML), TopoAdapter attained 60.52% versus 60.42% accuracy with 70 versus 506 added parameters; the direct paired difference was unresolved. TopoAdapter provides an explicit, ultra-lightweight spatial prior for motor EEG decoding. Positive mean changes on two motor-imagery datasets, one executed-movement dataset, and seven heterogeneous BCI IV-2a backbones support portability and a favorable cost-benefit profile, while effect magnitude remains dataset- and subject-dependent.

PMID 42759576
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PubMedFrontiers in nutrition2026-09-18

Immune effects of lipids isolated from Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice.

Kim One Jun OJ, Choi JeongUn J, Rod-In Weerawan W, Jang A-Yeong AY et al.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs are a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), with levels exceeding those found in fish meat, and are also a notable source of bioactive omega-3 fatty acids, primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, despite their nutritional advantages, their in vivo immunomodulatory properties remain poorly understood. This study explored the immunomodulatory potential of the lipid extract from O. mykiss eggs combined with PEG6000 (OM-PEG) in a cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressive BALB/c mouse model. Mice were randomly assigned to nine groups (n = 3/group): normal control, CY, CY + ginseng (100 mg/kg), CY + levamisole (40 mg/kg), CY + PEG6000 (10 mg/kg), and four CY + OM-PEG groups (50-200 mg/kg). In CY-treated mice, prophylactic oral administration of OM-PEG (50-200 mg/kg body weight) protected against changes in spleen size and index. It also significantly stimulated splenic immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, and phagocytic activity were enhanced in peritoneal macrophages (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of immunostimulatory cytokines and mediators, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IFN-γ, and COX-2, was significantly upregulated in both splenic lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages of CY-treated mice (p < 0.05). Consequently, these results suggest that OM-PEG6000, prepared by incorporating lipids isolated from O. mykiss eggs into PEG6000, contributes to immune system activation and has potential as a functional food ingredient due to its immune-enhancing efficacy.

PMID 42757174
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PubMedFrontiers in plant science2026-09-18

Pangenome-wide identification and analysis of the heat shock transcription factor gene family in tea plant (Camellia sinensis).

Liu Quanlong Q, Lin Shanyuanrui S, Li Zhuolin Z, Yin Renjie R et al.

Heat shock transcription factors (Hsf) are key regulators of plant responses to environmental stresses, but their intraspecific diversity and evolutionary dynamics in the tea plant remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we performed a pangenome-wide identification and systematic analysis of the Hsf gene family across 22 Camellia sinensis genomes. A total of 536 Hsf genes were identified, with gene numbers ranging from 15 in HD to 33 in SCZ, indicating substantial accession-level copy number variation. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into three major subfamilies, including Hsf-A, Hsf-B, and Hsf-C, among which Hsf-A was the largest group. Orthogroup-based pangenome analysis assigned the 536 Hsf genes to 21 orthogroups, including 7 core orthogroups and 14 dispensable orthogroups, suggesting that dispensable genes represent an important component of the tea Hsf repertoire. Gene duplication analysis showed that dispersed duplication and WGD/segmental duplication were the major forces driving Hsf family expansion, whereas proximal and tandem duplications contributed relatively little. Copy number variation was widespread among Hsf orthogroups, especially in dispensable orthogroups. Selection pressure analysis revealed that most homologous Hsf gene pairs were under purifying selection, although selection intensity differed among subfamilies. Transcriptome analysis of SCZ showed tissue-preferential expression patterns and PEG-responsive expression divergence. Notably, Hsf-B genes exhibited the highest average expression under PEG stress and occupied a central position in the PCC-based co-expression network. Several genes, including CSS0020980.1 and CSS0019914.1, were identified as candidate PEG-responsive Hsf genes. These results provide a comprehensive pangenome-level framework for understanding Hsf gene evolution and stress-responsive regulation in tea plant.

PMID 42755925
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PubMedConsciousness and cognition2026-09-18

The presence of bare legs captures visual attention and eye movements.

Tsurumi Shuma S, Tanda Tomoyuki T, Kawahara Jun J

Revealing clothing, particularly exposed legs, is prevalent in media and daily life, yet it remains unclear whether bare legs involuntarily capture visual attention from others. The present study investigated the attentional capture of bare legs through three experiments. In Experiment 1 (n = 108), we examined whether task-irrelevant female bare legs interfere with performances in a visual search task. The results revealed that the presence of female bare legs significantly impaired search performance for both male and female participants, suggesting that female bare legs capture attention even when they are detrimental. Experiment 2a (n = 68) utilized eye-tracking while participants observed dance videos to investigate gaze behavior under more ecological conditions. We found that regardless of the participant's or the dancer's sex, participants spent significantly more time fixating on bare legs compared to clothed legs. Experiment 2b (n = 68) demonstrated that this effect was specific to legs, as no such attentional capture was observed for bare arms, ruling out the influence of low-level visual saliency. These findings suggest that female bare legs serve as a potent social signal that automatically recruits human visual attention.

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