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sumatriptan (Alsuma autoinjector / sumatriptan, King / Alsuma)

✓ Approved

US WorldMeds, LLC · HTR1D · Small Molecule

What is sumatriptan?

sumatriptan is a small molecule developed by US WorldMeds, LLC. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAlsuma autoinjector, sumatriptan, King, Alsuma
CompanyUS WorldMeds, LLC
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetHTR1D
RouteInjectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, US WorldMeds, LLC

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

sumatriptan acts on 1 molecular target:

HTR1D5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D (HTR1DA, HT1DA)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

sumatriptan is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Nervous system disordersMigraine✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedSaudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society2026-09-18

Prevalence of refractive errors and non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies in symptomatic and asymptomatic university students in Saudi Arabia.

Alhassan Mosaad M, Alhijji Haroon H, Alruways Khalaf K, Baashen Afnan A et al.

This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors and nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies in young adult university students with and without symptoms in Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted at the Department of Optometry at King Saud University, including 304 participants aged 16-35 years. The participants were categorized into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups based on the total score of the Convergence Insufficiency (CI) Symptom Survey. Full and comprehensive optometric assessments-including subjective refraction, accommodation, and vergence-were performed, and a diagnosis was established by comparing various parameters specific to each patient. Among the 304 patients, 165 were female and 134 were male. The prevalence of all types of refractive errors was 46%, with myopic errors being the most common type. The prevalences of all types of accommodation and vergence anomalies were 33.50% and 50%, respectively. The most commonly observed accommodative anomaly was accommodative infacility, followed by accommodative insufficiency. The most commonly observed vergence anomaly was CI, followed by vergence infacility. Most participants reported symptoms; however, the differences in prevalence rates between symptomatic and asymptomatic participants were not statistically significant. Although refractive errors were fully corrected and visual acuity was within normal limits, full and comprehensive optometric assessments were crucial to detect different types of visual system anomalies. Early identification and management offer the best chance for academic success among symptomatic university individuals.

PMID 42757035
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PubMedMediterranean journal of rheumatology2026-09-18

Evaluation of the Safety of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine on Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Single Centre Study.

Draz Hoda H, Ibrahim Nada N, Al-Homood Ibrahim I, Alwabel Assia S AS

Herpes Zoster (HZ) infection is more severe in patients with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recent guidelines recommend the Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (RZV) for prevention of HZ in immunocompromised adults aged ≥18 years. RZV has demonstrated efficacy against HZ infection in immunocompromised populations, but data regarding its safety among SLE patients are lacking, especially those who are on biological therapy. Evaluation of the safety of RZV among SLE patients, including patients on biological therapy. A retrospective study of 170 patients with SLE who received at least one dose of RZV and 45 unvaccinated SLE patients were included. Data were extracted from the King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) hospital database system. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical methods. A study involved 170 SLE patients who received RZV (90.6% females, with a mean age of 38.5 years and an SLE duration of 8.5±6.2 years). Seventy percent completed two doses of RZV. The mean baseline, post-first-dose, and post-second-dose SLEDAI scores were 3.43±5.27, 3.31±3.11, and 2.97±2.78, respectively, indicating no significant change. A subset of patients was treated with biological therapies, including Belimumab, Rituximab, and Anifrolumab. The incidence of SLE flare within 90 days was 12.9% after the first dose and 12.3% after the second dose. There was a statistically significant association between higher baseline SLEDAI scores and flares after both doses. Vaccination with RZV in patients with SLE is safe and not associated with increased SLE activity which is comparable with unvaccinated patients. The reported side effects were mild and comparable to those of the general population.

PMID 42756274
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PubMedCureus2026-09-18

Clinical Characteristics and Influenza-Associated Myositis in Children: A Comparative Study of Influenza A and Influenza B in Bahrain.

Mohroofi Abdulrahman D AD, Alawadhi Mohamed M, Alqanea Fatima K FK, Fox Gabriel G

Background and objective Influenza-associated myositis is an uncommon but increasingly recognized complication of pediatric influenza infection. Although influenza B has traditionally been associated with benign acute childhood myositis (BACM), data comparing the clinical characteristics of influenza A and influenza B in children with influenza-associated myositis remain limited, particularly in the Middle East. Hence, this study aimed to compare the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, outcomes, and prevalence of myositis-related manifestations among children with influenza A and influenza B infections. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at King Hamad University Hospital, Bahrain. Medical records of pediatric patients aged ≤ 14 years with confirmed influenza A or influenza B infection between October 2023 and January 2024 were reviewed. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory findings, hospitalization data, treatments, and complications were analyzed and compared between influenza A and influenza B groups. Results Ninety-six children with laboratory-confirmed influenza infection were included. Influenza B was associated with a significantly higher frequency of calf pain (n = 8, 25.8% versus n = 5, 7.7% in influenza A cases; p = 0.015) and refusal to walk, reported in seven children (22.6%) compared with five children (7.7%) with influenza A (p = 0.039). No significant differences were identified between the two groups regarding laboratory findings, hospitalization requirements, duration of admission, or complication rates. Markedly elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels were observed in both influenza subtypes, consistent with influenza-associated muscle injury. Conclusions Influenza B infection was associated with a significantly higher frequency of myositis-related manifestations, including calf pain and refusal to walk, compared with influenza A infection. Despite these clinical differences, laboratory findings, hospitalization rates, and clinical outcomes were comparable between the two groups. Recognition of influenza-associated myositis is essential when evaluating children with acute lower-limb pain or gait disturbances during influenza season, as early diagnosis may help avoid unnecessary investigations and support appropriate management.

PMID 42756507
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PubMedBMC ophthalmology2026-09-18

Parents' perception of common childhood eye diseases: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Aldairi Walaa Abdullah WA, Alshehri Nouran N, Alkhaldi May M, Alhithlool Abdulmalek W AW et al.

Childhood eye diseases can significantly affect vision. This may have a negative impact on mental development, academic performance, and quality of life when not detected early. Parents are often the first to notice eye problems in their children. However, awareness of common pediatric eye conditions remains variable. This study aimed to assess parents' awareness, attitudes, and practices as regards childhood eye diseases in a local community setting. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among parents of children aged 18 years or younger in a local community setting. A quick response (QR) code was used to distribute a pre-tested questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of common pediatric eye diseases. Parents' perception of pediatric eye diseases and their management was also evaluated. This was performed via a Likert-scale scoring system, and total knowledge scores were classified at the median into two levels, poor and good. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of King Faisal University, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), with chi-square tests and multiple linear regression applied where appropriate. A total of 267 parents were included, of whom 181 (67.8%) were females. Nearly half (46.1%) reported that their child had an existing eye condition, with refractive errors being the most common (49.5%). Awareness was moderate. Overall, 163 participants (61.0%) agreed that wearing glasses before the age of 7 years supports normal visual development, and 167 (62.5%) recognised that early treatment of amblyopia leads to better outcomes. Gaps were also identified among the study population, as 92 (34.5%) correctly defined cataract and 126 (47.2%) believed that occasional eye deviation in young children is normal. As per the participating parents' practice, 178 (66.7%) reported that their child had undergone an eye examination. Among them, 37 (13.9%) had their first examination before one year of age. Moreover, attitudes were generally positive, with 230 (86.1%) agreeing that children should wear glasses if needed and 167 (62.5%) willing to accept surgical intervention. No statistically significant association was found between knowledge levels and any sociodemographic variable (p > 0.05). Parental awareness of childhood eye diseases in this community was variable, with some misconceptions and gaps in preventive practices. Knowledge levels were not associated with the sociodemographic variables assessed. Community-wide health education and school-based screening may help support earlier detection of childhood eye diseases.

PMID 42754860
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PubMedOphthalmology2026-09-18

Centralized Multidisciplinary Retinoblastoma Care Closes the Outcome Gap: Survival and Globe Salvage for 1000 Eyes from 601 Patients.

Yousef Yacoub A YA, Halalsheh Hadeel H, Mohammad Mona M, Khzouz Jakub J et al.

Retinoblastoma (RB) outcomes in low- and middle-income countries remain inferior to those achieved in high-income countries, largely due to delayed diagnosis, limited access to specialized care, and fragmented treatment systems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term impact of a two-decade strategy based on centralized multidisciplinary care, structured capacity building, and a telemedicine-supported international twinning partnership in reducing disparities in retinoblastoma (RB) outcomes in a resource-limited setting. Retrospective, single-center cohort study. 601 children with RB (1000 affected eyes) treated at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) between March 2003 and December 2025. Demographic characteristics, tumor classification, treatment modalities, globe salvage, metastasis, secondary malignancies, and survival outcomes were reviewed. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Globe salvage rate, rates of metastasis and secondary malignancy, and 5-year overall survival. Of 601 children, 314 (52%) were male, 399 (66%) had bilateral disease, and 346 (58%) were non-Jordanian, referred from 15 countries. Of 1000 affected eyes, 120 (12%) were enucleated before referral; among the remaining eyes, 7 (0.7%) had extraocular disease, and by International Classification, 52 (5.2%) were Group A, 134 (13%) Group B, 204 (20%) Group C, 391 (39%) Group D, and 92 (9.2%) Group E. Of 880 eyes treated at KHCC, primary enucleation was performed in 157 (18%), and conservative eye-salvage therapy was attempted in 723 (82%). Among the 723 eyes that underwent eye-salvaging treatment, systemic chemotherapy was administered in 713 (99%), transpupillary thermo therapy (TTT) in all 723 (100%), cryotherapy in 248 (34%), intra-arterial chemotherapy in 34 (4.7%; 11 primary and 23 secondary), intravitreal chemotherapy in 43 (5.9%), subtenon chemotherapy in 24 (3.3%), and iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy in 23 (3.2%). Ten Group A eyes in 10 patients were treated with TTT and/or cryotherapy alone without systemic chemotherapy. Overall eye salvage rate was 61% (538/880); among conservatively treated eyes, salvage rate was 74.4% (538/723), ranging from 98% (Group A) to 17% (Group E). At median follow-up of 120 months, metastasis occurred in 26 patients (4.3%) and secondary malignancy in 7 (1.2%). Estimated 5-year overall survival was 96% (95% CI, 94%-98%). A centralized multidisciplinary RB program integrating telemedicine, international collaboration, and advanced globe-salvage therapies achieved survival and eye-preservation outcomes comparable to high-income settings despite resource constraints. Over two decades, KHCC evolved into a major regional referral center, offering a scalable model for reducing global disparities in RB care. None.

PMID 42759575
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PubMedCureus2026-09-18

Marked Increase in Influenza-Associated Acute Myositis Among Children During the 2024-2025 Season: A Two-Season Retrospective Cohort Study From Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Alhabbad Alhommedi A, Albeshr Meshal M, AlAtni Basmah B, AlTuraiki Muath M

Background Influenza-associated acute myositis is well described in children, but most reports count cases without a denominator of infected children. How often influenza is followed by myositis, and whether that frequency shifts between seasons, therefore remains poorly defined. During the 2024-2025 season, pediatricians at our hospital saw an unusual number of children presenting with calf pain and inability to bear weight after laboratory-confirmed influenza. We compared the frequency of acute myositis among influenza-positive children across two matched seasons, and between influenza A and influenza B. Methodology We studied all unique children aged 0-14 years with influenza A or B confirmed by rapid antigen testing or polymerase chain reaction who presented to the pediatric emergency department of King Salman Hospital, Riyadh, between 1 November and 28 February of the 2023-2024 and 2024-2025 seasons, regardless of disposition. Each period spanned 120 matched days. Acute myositis required confirmed influenza in the same illness, acute calf or lower-limb pain, gait disturbance or inability to bear weight, creatine kinase above the laboratory upper reference limit of 308 U/L, and no documented alternative explanation. Analyses used risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals, chi-square tests, and a modified Poisson model with robust standard errors. Results The cohorts comprised 141 children in 2023-2024 and 173 in 2024-2025. Acute myositis occurred in 19 children (13.5%) in the first season and 73 (42.2%) in the second, an absolute difference of 28.7 percentage points (risk ratio 3.13, 95% CI 1.99-4.93; P<0.001). Pooling both seasons, myositis affected 54 of 107 children with influenza B (50.5%) and 38 of 207 with influenza A (18.4%), with a risk ratio of 2.75 (95% CI 1.95-3.87; P<0.001). The frequency rose within influenza A, from eight of 102 children (7.8%) to 30 of 105 (28.6%), and within influenza B, from 11 of 39 (28.2%) to 43 of 68 (63.2%). Adjusted for influenza type, age, and sex, the season effect persisted (adjusted risk ratio 2.73, 95% CI 1.75-4.26). Case characteristics were similar across seasons: median age 7.7 years in both, peak creatine kinase 4,000 versus 3,710 U/L (P=0.50), and length of stay three versus four days (P=0.49). Myositis-associated admissions rose from 19 to 73 and bed-days from 67 to 264. Conclusions Acute myositis was markedly more frequent among influenza-positive children during 2024-2025 than during the matched preceding season. The increase involved both influenza types, with a stronger association for influenza B, while the presentation and biochemical severity of individual cases were unchanged. These findings show an increased local clinical and hospitalisation burden but do not establish increased viral severity, population incidence, or the emergence of a new influenza variant.

PMID 42757145
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