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sildenafil (Liqrev)

✓ Approved

CMP Pharma, Inc. · PDE5A · Small Molecule

What is sildenafil?

sildenafil is a small molecule developed by CMP Pharma, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesLiqrev
CompanyCMP Pharma, Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPDE5A
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, CMP Pharma, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

sildenafil acts on 1 molecular target:

PDE5Aphosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5, CGB-PDE)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

sildenafil is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersPulmonary hypertension✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in surgery2026-05-25

Uterine-Sparing vNOTES vs. laparoscopic lateral suspension for pelvic organ prolapse repair: a prospective comparative study of feasibility and early outcomes.

Sengi Abdurrahman A, Duran Mehmet Nuri MN, Pekgül Mayıs Jinda MJ, Peker Nurullah N

Vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) represents a minimally invasive uterus-preserving technique for apical prolapse repair. Comparative data with laparoscopic lateral suspension are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate perioperative performance, anatomical correction, and functional outcomes of both approaches. In this prospective cohort, 100 women with symptomatic anterior-apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP-Q ≥ II) underwent either vNOTES lateral suspension (n = 50) or LLS (n = 50). Perioperative metrics, POP-Q parameters, and validated functional questionnaires (POPDI-6, UDI-6, CRADI-8) were recorded preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months. Complications and recurrence were assessed. Radar visualization was used to illustrate POP-Q approximation relative to expected anatomical contours. Both techniques provided successful anterior-apical correction. Operative time (60.4 ± 11.2 vs. 90.7 ± 8.4 min; p < 0.001) and length of hospital stay (1.32 ± 0.59 vs. 1.98 ± 0.65 days; p < 0.001) were significantly shorter with vNOTES. POP-Q measurements favored vNOTES at 6 months for Ba and Bp (p < 0.001), whereas point C and total vaginal length were comparable. Functional outcomes demonstrated lower POPDI-6 and UDI-6 scores in the vNOTES cohort at both follow-ups (p < 0.05). No mesh exposures occurred. Complication rates were low and did not differ significantly. Radar visualization demonstrated more uniform postoperative approximation in the vNOTES group. Both vNOTES and laparoscopic lateral suspension achieved effective uterus-preserving prolapse repair with favorable short-term anatomical and functional results. vNOTES provided faster perioperative recovery and greater functional symptom improvement without compromising safety. Extended follow-up will clarify durability.

PMID 42181544
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PubMedF1000Research2026-05-25

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) fruit extract ameliorates erectile dysfunction in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Hadibrata Exsa E, Sutyarso Sutyarso S, Busman Hendri H, Mustofa Syazili S et al.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder frequently associated with male sexual and reproductive dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction (ED), reduced libido, and impaired spermatogenesis. Black pepper ( Piper nigrum L.) fruit extract has been reported to possess antidiabetic and reproductive benefits, yet its effect on DM-related ED remains underexplored. To evaluate the effects of Piper nigrum fruit extract on erectile function, libido, sperm parameters, and testicular histology in alloxan-induced diabetic male rats. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic rats treated with black pepper extract (122.5 or 245 mg/kg BW), and diabetic rats treated with sildenafil citrate. Erectile function was assessed via penile reflexes, libido by mating behavior, sperm quality by concentration, motility, and morphology, and testicular histology by Leydig cell and spermatogonia counts. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with significance at p<0.05. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats showed significant impairment in erectile function, libido, sperm quality, and testicular histology (p<0.001 vs control). Black pepper extract at 122.5 mg/kg BW significantly improved total penile reflexes compared with diabetic controls (9.33±1.03 vs 6.00±1.26, p=0.02). Libido parameters including courtship latency (5.50±0.55 vs 21.00±9.47, p=0.013), mount latency (19.00±10.81 vs 37.17±6.31, p=0.009), and mount frequency (18.05±5.99 vs 7.17±1.83, p=0.002) were significantly improved. Sperm analysis revealed increases in sperm concentration (19.2±6.7 vs 12.6±1.3, though not significant, p=0.877), motility (31.8±23 vs 27±30, p=0.697), and normal morphology (40.9±7.8 vs 35±10.8, p=0.04). Testicular histology showed restoration of Leydig cell count (59.33±4.0 vs 30.50±3.86, p=0.035) and spermatogonia number (319.4±64.59 vs 491±37.0, p<0.001). The 245 mg/kg BW dose primarily improved sperm concentration (62.95±29.4 vs 12.6±1.3, p=0.01) and motility (36.6±23 vs 27±30, p=0.436). Sildenafil citrate significantly enhanced most parameters compared with diabetic controls (p<0.05). Piper nigrum fruit extract ameliorates sexual dysfunction and reproductive impairment in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, particularly at 122.5 mg/kg BW, with significant improvements in erectile function, libido (p<0.05), sperm quality (p≤0.04), and testicular histology (p=0.035). These findings suggest its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for DM-related male reproductive dysfunction.

PMID 42181906
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PubMedFood chemistry: X2026-05-25

Enhancement of nutrition and flavor in the yellow suspension of a mutant strain of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa by fermentation with an isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NH3.

Li Yu Y, Deng Bo B, Wei Dong D, Xu Jucai J

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HN3 was utilized to enhance the nutritional value and flavor of yellow suspension of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa mutant CX41 fermented for 10 h. High cell viability was observed, with no significant changes in hydrolyzed amino acid scores, although the free amino acid profile was altered. Total fatty acids and γ-aminobutyric acid increased by 54.02% and 35.00%, while lutein levels remained stable and in vitro antioxidant capacity was enhanced. Sensory evaluation indicated that reduced off-odors and increased floral, fruity, and herbaceous notes improved acceptance. The modified taste enhanced flavor complexity by decreasing sweetness and umami by 61.13% and 49.95%, eliminating bitterness, and increasing sourness by 69.38%. Metabolomic profiling revealed that reduced relative odor activity of 2-thiophenemethanethiol, isopentenyl mercaptan, 1-hexanol, 1-hexen-3-one, and δ-dodecalactone contributed to the improved sensory attributes. These findings demonstrate the promising application of L. plantarum HN3 fermentation in developing high nutritional and desirable flavor foods of A. pyrenoidosa.

PMID 42179961
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PubMedMicrobiologyOpen2026-05-25

Unraveling Oral Dysbiosis: Microbial Complexity in Common Oral Diseases.

Kang Zixi Z, Huang Hong H, Lin Jin J, Niu Yanan Y et al.

The oral microbiome is highly intricate, hosting billions of bacteria and other microorganisms that form biofilms on various oral surfaces. An imbalanced ecological relationship between the microbial community and the host can lead to various oral diseases. This narrative review explores the current understanding of the correlation between the microbiome and oral diseases. The main body of this manuscript is divided into seven parts, including a review of current research on oral microbial colonization and early life development, an introduction to five common oral diseases related to microorganisms, and a discussion on the relationship between dental caries and periodontal disease at the microbial level. Our aim in presenting this review is to offer a valuable resource for further research on the role of oral microorganisms in diagnosing and treating oral diseases. The oral microbiome's significant impact and diversity characteristics on health and disease have been recognized; however, there remains a severe lack of systematic understanding of its functions, host interactions, and environmental factors. Comprehensive research is urgently needed to elucidate the mechanisms that maintain its ecological balance, providing a scientific foundation for the precise prevention and control of oral diseases. This review comprehensively synthesizes current knowledge regarding oral microbial dysbiosis in the context of the major oral diseases mentioned and proposes a conceptual framework grounded in microbial ecology to elucidate disease progression and guide therapeutic strategies.

PMID 42178691
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PubMedACS omega2026-05-25

Size-Dependent Electrochemical Response and Dopamine Sensitivity of Aptamer-Modified Printed Gold Nanoparticle Structures.

Adhinarayanan Santhosh S, Muraleedharan Jalajamony Harikrishnan H, De Soumadeep S, Fernandez Renny Edwin RE

We report a comparative evaluation of dopamine (DA) sensing using gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based electrodes fabricated from precursor-free aqueous suspension through atmospheric plasma-assisted printing. In this study, electrodes printed from 20, 40, and 80 nm AuNPs in aqueous suspension were analyzed to establish correlations between nanoparticle size, surface morphology, and dopamine redox performance. Morphological and optical characterization of the printed structures confirmed the preserved nanoscale morphology and stable electrochemical behavior. Electrochemical analysis revealed stable, size-dependent redox behavior for the printed electrodes and long-term stability over 100 cycles. Electrodes printed from smaller nanoparticles (20 nm) exhibited reduced ΔE values and faster electron-transfer kinetics, while intermediate-sized electrodes (40 nm) offered the most balanced combination of electroactive surface area, morphological stability, and charge-transfer efficiency. In contrast, larger nanoparticle-derived electrodes (80 nm) had lower surface area, resulting in diminished redox reversibility and sensitivity. Aptamer functionalization followed by thiol backfilling enhanced dopamine selectivity and sensitivity across 1-100 μM, achieving micromolar detection limits and excellent reproducibility. This clean, scalable approach provides a robust foundation for printing low-cost, flexible biosensors capable of selective detection and future integration into wearable diagnostic platforms.

PMID 42179551
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PubMedOrthopedic research and reviews2026-05-25

Exploring the Role of Cissus quadrangularis in Osteoporosis Management.

Manocchio Nicola N, Sorbino Andrea A, Devito Antonio A, Gallelli Luca L et al.

Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) is a Vitaceae-derived medicinal plant rich in flavonoids, phytosterols, triterpenoids, vitamins, and bone-relevant minerals, conferring combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, phytoestrogenic, and osteoanabolic properties that modulate key pathways involved in bone remodeling. This narrative review aims to synthesize preclinical and clinical evidence on CQ as a potential adjunct in osteoporosis management. Preclinical studies demonstrate that CQ enhances osteoblast differentiation, collagen and matrix deposition, and mineralization, while inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory osteoclastogenic cytokines, leading to improved bone microarchitecture, bone mineral density, and callus formation in fracture and estrogen-deficiency models. CQ phytobioactives have also been successfully integrated into advanced biomaterials, exosome-like vesicles, and self‑emulsifying drug delivery systems, improving bioavailability, osseointegration, and regenerative performance in critical-sized defects and implant models. Clinical data, although limited and heterogeneous, consistently indicate that CQ accelerates fracture healing, reduces bone pain, and increases functional recovery in maxillofacial and mandibular fractures, with favorable effects on serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and osteopontin expression and without major safety concerns based on available short-term data. In postmenopausal osteopenia, randomized trials show that 24‑week oral CQ stabilizes bone turnover markers and delays bone loss, albeit without short‑term gains in bone mineral density. CQ thus emerges as a multi-target, generally well-tolerated candidate for integrative osteoporosis care, particularly for early bone loss (i.e., osteopenia), fracture healing, and osteoprotection during antiresorptive drug holidays (i.e., temporary suspension of bisphosphonate therapy, particularly in the context of dental procedures). However, the absence of standardized formulations, small sample sizes, short follow-ups, and lack of head‑to‑head comparisons with standard anti‑osteoporotic therapies currently available underscore the need for long-term, multicenter randomized controlled studies using bioavailable, well-characterized CQ preparations.

PMID 42180261
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