Drug Database
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nitroglycerin

✓ Approved

Eisai Co., Ltd. · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is nitroglycerin?

nitroglycerin is a small molecule developed by Eisai Co., Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

CompanyEisai Co., Ltd.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Eisai Co., Ltd.

Therapeutic Indications

nitroglycerin is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersAngina pectoris✓ Approved
Cardiac disordersCardiac failure✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedHeadache2026-09-05

Visual, vestibular, and ocular motor changes during nitroglycerin-triggered vestibular migraine.

Villar-Martinez Maria Dolores MD, Puledda Francesca F, Domingos-Belo Caroline C, Bronstein Adolfo M AM et al.

Intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG) is a well-established model for provoking migraine attacks, but it has not previously been used to characterize vestibular migraine (VM). Different types of nystagmus have been reported during spontaneous VM attacks. We aimed to measure changes in nystagmus during NTG-induced migraine in participants with VM. We studied 20 participants with definite VM (Barany-International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition criteria) undergoing NTG provocation in a prospective, within-subject repeated-measures pharmacological provocation study under three conditions at the National Institute for Health and Care Research King's Clinical Research Facility, London, between November 2024 to December 2025. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 32 (29 to 38) years, and 16/20 were female. 3D video-oculography was used to quantify total slow-phase velocity (SPV) (°/s) of nystagmus without fixation in the center, left, right, up, and down positions. Recordings were repeated before NTG, after NTG, and after subcutaneous sumatriptan. Subjective vestibular symptoms and headache intensity were quantified with an ordinal numeric scale. Longitudinal changes in SPV were analyzed. All the participants developed headache, with median peak severity 6/10 (IQR 4 to 7). Vestibular symptoms were triggered in 14/20 participants following NTG, with a median maximum intensity of 2.5 (IQR 0 to 4). Median (IQR) summed SPV (°/s) was 2 (1 to 3.25) at baseline, 1.5 (0 to 4.75) following NTG, and 1 (0 to 2.75) after sumatriptan. In Tweedie generalized linear mixed-effects models, no significant group-level effect of condition on total SPV was detected. Estimated marginal means were 1.87 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 3.41) at baseline, 2.10 (95% CI 1.16 to 3.80) following NTG, and 1.73 (95% CI 0.93 to 3.19) after sumatriptan. Compared with baseline, neither NTG (β = 0.118, standard error [SE] = 0.267, P = 0.658) nor sumatriptan (β = -0.078, SE = 0.278, P = 0.780) showed significant effects. NTG provocation was associated with complex perceptions such as visual symptoms (10/20) and Alice in Wonderland syndrome type or dissociative symptoms (6/20), including derealization/depersonalization, metamorphopsia, macropsia and pelopsia, dysmorphopsia, and distorted passage of time. Quantitative slow phase velocity measures of nystagmus did not show a uniform group-level change during NTG provocation in VM, despite frequent subjective vestibular symptoms. VM episodes may reflect altered central sensory processing and vestibular hypersensitivity rather than changes in vestibulo-oculomotor output.

PMID 42698392
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PubMedHypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension2026-09-03

Prevalence, clinical features and emergency department blood pressure management of hypertensive emergencies and uncontrolled hypertension: a retrospective multi-centre study.

Maloberti Alessandro A, Capitoli Giulia G, Valobra Tommaso T, Rebora Paola P et al.

Very heterogeneous data have been published concerning prevalence and clinical management of Hypertensive Emergencies (HE) and Uncontrolled Hypertension (UH). The aim of our study was to characterize HE and UH patients evaluating: (i) Blood Pressure (BP) management in Emergency Department (ED), the pharmacological treatment and its adherence to guidelines recommendation; (ii) variables associated with the presence of organ damage; and (iii), as an exploratory analysis, the impact of BP on in-hospital mortality. We performed a multicentre (Niguarda Hospital - Milan and Pio XI Hospital - Desio) retrospective study evaluating patients admitted to ED with BP values ≥ 180/120 mmHg during 2017 and 2019. 1838 patients were admitted to the ED with a BP ≥ 180/120 mmHg (0.95% of total admissions) of whom 37.7% were HE and the remaining (62.3%) were UH. The reduction in Systolic and Diastolic BP (SBP/DBP respectively) was similar in HE (40.6/16.9 ± 26.3/17.7 mmHg) and UH (39.3/15.5 ± 22.4/16.0 mmHg). The most used drugs were intravenous furosemide, nitroglycerin, clonidine and labetalol for HE. Age, smoking, heart failure, previous acute coronary syndrome, chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus present a positive association HEs while female sex and chronic anti-hypertensive therapies with 2 or more drugs results as protective variables. Finally, regarding the exploratory analysis, BP at ED admission and its management didn't present significant association with in-hospital mortality. In conclusions, our study demonstrated that adherence to guidelines in the management of HE/UH could be further improved.

PMID 42686811
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PubMedZhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica2026-09-03

[Mechanism of Tianshu Capsules in treating migraine rats based on gut microbiota].

Han Rui R, Gu You-Wei YW, Dong Jie J, Zhang Xin-Zhuang XZ et al.

This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of Tianshu Capsules(TS) on migraine rat model and explore its potential mechanism of action from the perspectives of the structure of the gut microbiota and functional pathway regulation. A migraine rat model was established via subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin. The Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a low-dose TS group, a medium-dose TS group, a high-dose TS group, and an ibuprofen group. The efficacy of TS in improving migraine was evaluated by general condition observation and measurement of the craniofacial pain threshold. The expression of the gene c-fos in the trigeminal ganglion was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The contents of endothelin-1(ET-1), calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP), and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Fecal samples were subjected to metagenomic sequencing for systematic analysis of gut microbial diversity, taxonomic composition difference, and functional pathway changes of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG), and their correlations with behavioral and biochemical indices were further evaluated. The results show that TS significantly improves the increased body temperature and decreased craniofacial pain threshold in migraine rats. It also markedly suppresses the elevated expression levels of the gene c-fos in the trigeminal ganglion and reduces the levels of ET-1, CGRP, and 5-HT in serum. Metagenomic beta diversity analysis and differential taxonomic abundance analysis reveal that the migraine model induces significant gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by enrichment of harmful genera, including Streptococcus and Enterococcus, as well as a decline in the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Allobaculum, Eubacterium, and Muribaculum. Functional pathway analysis results of KEGG further reveal that the relative abundances of pathways associated with biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, bacterial secretion system, citrate cycle, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites are significantly decreased in the model group. TS intervention increased the abundance of the genus, such as Parabacteroides, Eubacterium, Allobaculum, and Muribaculum, while decreasing levels of microbiota, including Staphylococcus. TS also significantly upregulated pathways associated with barrier function(tight junction), amino acid biosynthesis pathways, and biosynthesis pathways of neurotransmitter precursors such as cysteine and methionine metabolism. In addition, it downregulated inflammatory pathways(Toll and IMD signaling) and pathways related to Staphylococcus aureus infection, thereby restoring the structure and function of the microbiota to a state close to those of the normal group. Spearman correlation analysis reveals that partial gut microbiota are significantly associated with migraine-related behavioral and biochemical indices(c-fos, ET-1, CGRP, and 5-HT). In conclusion, TS can regulate the disrupted gut microbiota structure and microbial functions related to neurotransmitter metabolism, intestinal barrier function, and inflammatory regulation in migraine model rats, which may be one of the potential key ways through which TS exert its anti-migraine effect.

PMID 42693026
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PubMedMedicine2026-09-01

A case report of acute heart failure, pulmonary edema, and pleural effusion in an elderly patient with organic mental disorder: An integrative holistic nursing approach.

Jiao Guohui G, Wu Yongcai Y, Zhang Shanshan S, Wang Haiyan H et al.

Organic mental disorders complicate acute heart failure (AHF) in elderly patients, creating a heart-brain vicious cycle in which cognitive impairment masks cardiac symptoms while hypoxemia worsens delirium. Holistic nursing offers an integrative solution to this multidimensional complexity. A 67-year-old male with a 5-year history of visual hallucinations, insomnia, and poorly controlled hypertension presented with generalized edema and severe dyspnea. On admission, oxygen saturation was 60% (85% with oxygen), blood pressure was 139/90 mm Hg, and bedside ultrasound revealed bilateral pleural effusions (86 mm and 122 mm). Organic mental disorder, AHF (New York Heart Association class IV), bilateral pleural effusion, pulmonary edema. complete left bundle branch block, hypertension stage 2, hepatic impairment, hypoproteinemia, and hypochloremia. Holistic nursing included continuous triad assessment of consciousness, respiration, and circulation; low-flow oxygen and semi-recumbent positioning; nitroglycerin and furosemide with dynamic adjustment; ultrasound-guided thoracentesis with 660 mL drainage; daytime cognitive orientation; nighttime 3 mg zopiclone; precise volume management maintaining 400 to 500 mL negative daily balance; high-protein nutrition; and bundled infection control. After 16 days, dyspnea and edema resolved, pleural effusions cleared, and ejection fraction improved. Orientation was restored, weight fell from 65 kg to 53.8 kg, and no nosocomial infections occurred. At 3-month follow-up, vitals were stable, the patient was adherent to medications and self-sufficient, with no recurrence of AHF or psychiatric symptoms. Holistic nursing effectively manages cardiopulmonary-psychiatric comorbidities through multidimensional assessment and multidisciplinary collaboration. Strengthening discharge planning and hospital-community continuity is essential.

PMID 42675681
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PubMedNigerian journal of clinical practice2026-08-31

Comparison of Oral and Intravenous Nitroglycerin in the Treatment of Acute Postpartum Hypertension After Cesarean Delivery for Preeclampsia.

Incebiyik M M, Fedai H H, Tammo O O, Kizildemir Y Z YZ et al.

Acute postpartum hypertension is common among women with preeclampsia, particularly after cesarean delivery, and is traditionally managed with intravenous (IV) antihypertensive agents. However, evidence directly comparing IV nitroglycerin-based regimens with oral-only strategies is limited. To compare the efficacy of oral-only antihypertensive therapy versus IV nitroglycerin-based regimens in achieving 24-hour blood pressure control among women with preeclampsia after cesarean delivery. In this two-center retrospective cohort study, we included women with preeclampsia who developed acute hypertension within 24 hours after cesarean delivery. Patients were categorized into three groups: oral-only therapy, IV nitroglycerin plus oral therapy, and IV nitroglycerin-only regimens. The primary outcome was 24-hour blood pressure control (systolic <160 mmHg and diastolic <110 mmHg). Secondary outcomes included 30-day healthcare utilization and in-hospital complications. Multivariable regression models adjusted for baseline characteristics. All strategies achieved substantial blood pressure reduction. Rates of 24-hour control were high and comparable across groups ( P = 0.941), with no significant advantage of IV nitroglycerin over oral-only therapy after adjustment. Short-term clinical outcomes, including 30-day emergency visits ( P = 0.930) and in-hospital complications ( P = 0.810), were similar across groups. In subgroup analyses, IV nitroglycerin and oral nifedipine yielded similar hemodynamic responses. Oral-only therapy provides 24-hour blood pressure control and short-term outcomes comparable with resource-intensive IV nitroglycerin regimens. In stable postpartum patients, oral therapy can be used as first-line management.

PMID 42671445
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PubMedHeart rhythm O22026-08-29

Efficacy and safety of pulsed field ablation for cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter: A meta-analysis based on real-world evidence.

Liu Lei L, Chen Aiyue A, Liu Linqi L, Maimaitijiang Pakezhati P et al.

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is effective for atrial fibrillation, but its real-world performance for cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent atrial flutter remains inadequately defined. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of PFA for CTI ablation using real-world evidence. A total of 9 observational studies (656 patients) published up to January 2026 were analyzed using a random-effects model. Pooled analysis revealed a short-term bidirectional CTI block rate of 99.4% and a short-to-midterm recurrence rate of 2.14%. Mean CTI ablation time was highly efficient (8.86 minutes). Incidences of catastrophic complications and permanent atrioventricular block were 0%. The overall incidence of intraprocedural right coronary artery spasm was 2.0%. Prophylactic high-dose intravenous nitroglycerin (>1 mg) significantly reduced coronary spasm incidence compared with low-dose (≤1 mg) regimens (1% vs 8%; P = .0016). Sensitivity analyses confirmed spasm risk was independent of PFA catheter configuration (P = .9549). PFA is a rapid, safe, and highly effective modality for CTI ablation. The risk of transient coronary spasm may be mitigated with prophylactic high-dose nitroglycerin. These hypothesis-generating findings warrant further validation.

PMID 42666861
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