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deoxycholic acid (DWJ 211 / DWJ211)

✓ Approved

Daewoong Pharmaceutical · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is deoxycholic acid?

deoxycholic acid is a small molecule developed by Daewoong Pharmaceutical. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesDWJ 211, DWJ211
CompanyDaewoong Pharmaceutical
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteInjectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Daewoong Pharmaceutical

Therapeutic Indications

deoxycholic acid is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresHead and neck plastic surgery✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedHistology and histopathology2026-11-11

Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury and is associated with modulation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling and ferroptosis.

Zheng Xiaona X, Zhao Liang L, Ye Ming M, Guo Qingwei Q et al.

Glycyrrhetinic acid, a substance extracted from licorice, has several pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and antiviral properties. Acute lung injury (ALI) represents a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory disorders, marked by the presence of lung edema, interstitial neutrophilic infiltration, and dysfunction of intravascular and endothelial barriers, ultimately leading to respiratory failure. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on LPS-induced ALI. Glycyrrhetinic acid pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced pulmonary edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and alveolar wall thickening, while reducing proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) in BALF and serum. The transcriptomics analysis predicted that the ferroptosis pathways might be involved in the underlying mechanism of glycyrrhetinic acid against ALI, with validation experiments demonstrating glycyrrhetinic acid-mediated restoration of ferroptosis markers. Mechanistically, glycyrrhetinic acid suppressed Keap1 expression and activated Nrf2, enhancing antioxidant responses and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. These findings suggest that glycyrrhetinic acid may modulate inflammation and ferroptosis, with Keap1-Nrf2 signaling potentially contributing to its protective effects. The study suggests that targeting ferroptosis may represent a potential strategy for ALI management, with glycyrrhetinic acid emerging as a promising pharmacological candidate.

PMID 43012100
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PubMedJournal of agricultural and food chemistry2026-11-11

Organ-Specific Regulation of Folic Acid Bioavailability by Bioactive Small Molecules from Whole Wheat Steamed Buns.

Qi Yan Y, Zheng Renrui R, Huang Zhuohang Z, Yin Jiahong J et al.

The in vivo conversion of folic acid (FA) to its bioactive form is inefficient, and unmetabolized FA poses health concerns. This study investigates the regulatory mechanisms of active small molecules derived from whole wheat on FA intestinal absorption, liver metabolism, and brain accumulation. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to identify active constituents, combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking for target prediction, and a 48 day mouse study with multitissue quantification of FA and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF). Network pharmacology revealed enrichment in endocytosis, organic acid transport, and blood-brain barrier pathways; molecular docking showed differential affinities for proton-coupled folic acid transporter, reduced folic acid carrier, folic acid receptor alpha, DHFR, and MTHFR. Animal studies confirmed that quercetin promoted intestinal absorption; D-calcium pantothenate enhanced liver 5-MTHF conversion; ferulic acid elevated circulating FA; and δ-tocopherol mediated brain-targeted accumulation of total folate (predominantly FA). These findings demonstrate that whole wheat-derived small molecules exert node-specific regulatory effects on folate metabolism, offering insights for developing FA-fortified foods.

PMID 43012697
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PubMedMaterials horizons2026-11-11

Thermoresponsive control of catalyst accessibility enables inverse temperature dependence of aminofluoroazobenzene thermal back reaction.

Nagano Mizuki M, Nagai Yuki Y, Kobayashi Yoichi Y

Controlling the thermal back reaction dynamics in photochromic reactions is important for designing photofunctional materials. The thermal back reactions are generally promoted at higher temperatures, but overcoming such typical temperature dependence leads to the development of unprecedented smart materials. Herein, we report the widely tunable acid-catalyzed thermal back reactions of p-amino-o-fluoroazobenzenes (AFABs) and a strategy to realize lower-temperature-favored thermal back reactions based on the acid responsiveness. AFABs exhibit tunable cis half-lives, ranging from days to seconds in the presence of acid catalysts, and their acid susceptibility can be modulated by the degree of fluorination. As the solvent for an AFAB, a glycol ether/water mixture, which exhibits lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase separation, is used, allowing thermoresponsive control of a hydrophilic acid catalyst and thereby the lower-temperature-favored thermal back reaction. Our strategy could be applied to other acid-catalyzed photochromic compounds, contributing to the generation of cooling-responsive photofunctional materials.

PMID 43012404
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PubMedAnalytical chemistry2026-11-11

Stable Isotope-Assisted Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Reveals Uptake, Metabolism, and Resolvin Biosynthesis from Docosapentaenoic Acid in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Hepatocytes.

Zhuang Zhenxiao Z, Araujo Pedro P, Austgulen Maren Hoff MH, Hundal Bjørg Kristine BK

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) is an intermediate omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with emerging biological significance, yet its metabolic fate in fish remains poorly defined. Stable isotope-assisted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was applied to trace the uptake, intracellular retention, and bioconversion of deuterium-labeled DPA (DPA-d5) in primary hepatocytes from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). DPA-d5 was efficiently incorporated, and subsequent formation of both docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-d5) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA-d5) was observed, providing direct evidence for elongation, desaturation, and retro-conversion pathways. DPA-derived DHA was further incorporated into d-series resolvins (RvD1-d5, RvD2-d5, RvD3-d5, RvD5-d5), establishing a precursor-product relationship between DPA and bioactive lipid mediators under basal conditions. Targeted LC-MS/MS enabled unambiguous discrimination of labeled versus endogenous fatty acids. Results demonstrate the metabolic versatility of DPA in salmon hepatocytes and highlight the capacity of stable isotope-assisted LC-MS to resolve complex fatty acid pathways, including downstream mediator biosynthesis. This analytical workflow provides a powerful framework for investigating the contributions of dietary DPA, or other fatty acids, to n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid pools and specialized pro-resolving mediators in fish.

PMID 43010555
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PubMedOral health & preventive dentistry2026-11-11

Antibacterial Activities of Selected Plant Extracts on Cariogenic Microbes.

Sabour Amal A, Al-Rajeh Alanoud A, Al-Anazi Shada S, Aldehaish Horiah A HA et al.

To investigate and compare the antibacterial effect of different botanical (turmeric, miswak, derum) and non-botanical oral hygiene products (toothpaste, mouthwash, activated charcoal, baking soda) on the cariogenic bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, and S. mutans. Different plant extracts (turmeric, miswak, and derum) and as well as non-botanical substances used in oral hygiene (charcoal, toothpaste, mouthwash, and sodium bicarbonate) were studied for their antibacterial activities against cariogenic model microbes Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli using the agar diffusion technique and in-silico molecular docking. Based on LC-MS analysis and literature reviews, linoleic acid - the bioactive fatty acid antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agent present in the studied plants - was selected for molecular docking analysis. Among all tested materials, derum revealed the highest activity against S. mutans (inhibition zone diameter 16 mm2), S. aureus (inhibition zone diameter 14.3 mm2), and E. coli (inhibition zone diameter 14 mm2). The mouthwash and toothpaste inhibited the growth of S. aureus (inhibition zone diameter 15 mm2) and E. coli (14 mm2) but had no or negligible effect on S. mutans (8 mm2) as was the case for all the other substances used in oral hygiene tested here. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed the presence of linoleic acid at 279m/z, and in-silico screening demonstrated a possible affinity of linoleic acid for extracellular polysaccharide glucan. Low energy level scores of -1.24 kcal/mol stabilized by four hydrogen bonds between linoleic acid and extracellular alpha (α) 1,3-glucan matrix showed promising potential of linoleic acid in the treatment of S. mutans biofilm. Derum sticks showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. mutans, followed by S. aureus, and E. coli. The insights from molecular docking analysis of linoleic acid and glucan may lead to the development of therapeutic agents targeting extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) synthesis, thus helping prevent biofilm formation and improve oral hygiene.

PMID 43012461
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PubMedZhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology2026-11-11

[Linolenic acid compound powder improves reproductive damage induced by high fat diet in male rats].

Wang Yibo Y, Sun Ruijie R, Ji Linpu L, Liu Qiaorui Q et al.

Objective To evaluate the effect of linolenic acid compound powder (flaxseed microcapsule powder, okra powder, mulberry leaf powder) on the reproductive function of male rats induced by high fat diet. Methods Ninety 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups, with 15 rats in each group. The rats in the blank group were fed with normal diet. While the rats in model group were fed with high-fat feed, and the low-, medium- and high-dose groups of linolenic acid combined powder were fed with low-, medium- and high-dose respectively, as well as the simvastatin positive control group. After 4 weeks of high-fat diet modeling, the compound powder was continuously administered by gavage for 4 weeks. The body weight, epididymis and testis weight of rats in each group were recorded. Sperm concentration and motility were detected. HE staining was used to observe testicular pathological damage, and Oil Red O staining was used to observe fat distribution. Lipid, oxidative stress and sex hormone indicators were also detected. Results Compared with the model group, treatment with the linolenic acid mixture or the positive control drug significantly increased body weight in rats to levels exceeding those in the blank control group (all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the testicular and epididymal coefficients parameters across the three experimental groups (P>0.05). Sperm motility and Sperm viability was significantly higher in all linolenic acid complex powder dose groups and the positive control group compared to the model group (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the testis interstitium of the linolenic acid compound powder groups returned to normal. The seminiferous tubules returned to order. The number of spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells at all levels increased. All kinds of cells were dense and the structure was complete. Compared with the model group, the testicular tissue of the linolenic acid compound powder groups had less stained area and lighter color, and the medium-dose group had less stained area and lighter color than the low-dose group and the high-dose group. There was no significant difference in oxidative stress among groups (P>0.05). The level of LH in the model group was lower than that in the blank group. Which increased in the linolenic acid compound powder groups significantly (P<0.05). Administration of linolenic acid compound powder all doses and the positive control significantly decreased the levels of ALP, ALT and AST in liver tissue compared with the model group. Additionally, a significant reduction in serum CRE was observed in the low- and medium-dose groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion A high-fat diet leads to a decline in the physiological structure and antioxidant capacity of the testes in rats, as well as changes in sex hormone levels. Linoleic acid complex powder can improve the related symptoms and indicators of reproductive function in rats with high-fat diet.

PMID 43012198
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