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prezatide copper acetate (GHK:Cu / vulnerary, ProCyte / Iamin Hydrating Gel)

✓ Approved

ProCyte · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is prezatide copper acetate?

prezatide copper acetate is a small molecule developed by ProCyte. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesGHK:Cu, vulnerary, ProCyte, Iamin Hydrating Gel
CompanyProCyte
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteTopical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, ProCyte

Therapeutic Indications

prezatide copper acetate is developed for 4 unique indications across 3 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDecubitus ulcer✓ Approved
General disorders and administration site conditionsImpaired healing✓ Approved
Injury, poisoning and procedural complicationsThermal burn✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDiabetic foot✓ Approved

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Zhang Kaiqiang K, Xi Haoning H, Yang Shengtao S, Yang Qinhan Q et al.

Soft-gel electrodes, composed of polymer-rich matrices, function as both redox-active media and dynamic ion-conducting networks. Their unique microstructure, including hydrated polymer chains, soft-gel domains, and interconnected ionic pathways, critically governs ion transport, redox kinetics, and electrochemical stability. This review summarizes ion transport mechanisms in polymer-rich soft phases, emphasizing the roles of polymer chain dynamics, crosslinking, network connectivity, hydration, and polymer-ion interactions. Microstructural features such as soft-gel domains, porosity, swelling, and interface engineering are discussed in relation to polarization, voltage stability, and cycling performance. Design strategies inspired by gel polymer electrolytes, including dual-network architectures, water confinement, polymer functionalization, and interface optimization, are highlighted. Finally, challenges in understanding local ion transport, scaling to practical systems, and integrating high-voltage or multivalent chemistries are outlined, providing a roadmap for next-generation soft-gel electrode batteries with enhanced energy density, cycling stability, and safety.

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PubMedInternational journal of analytical chemistry2026-11-11

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Kalsoom Umme U, Hussain Zahid Z, Khan Salman S, Ahmad Naveed N et al.

Ziziphus jujuba is a medicinal plant known for its rich content of antioxidants including flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, and triterpenoids. This study determines the effect of solvent polarity on the extraction yield and investigates phytochemical distribution of the extracts and its electrochemical behavior. Reflux extraction was used for the preparation of crude extracts, using methanol, ethanol, and water. The ethanolic extract was selected for solvent fractionation, using n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Among the extraction solvents, ethanol produced the highest crude yield (6.0% w/w). Following solvent-solvent fractionation, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest recovery among all fractions (0.30% w/w). The presence of flavonoid and saponin fractions was confirmed by phytochemical screening. The highest absorbance was observed in ethyl acetate fraction through UV visible spectrophotometric analysis, A = 0.711 for flavonoids at 415 nm and 0.330 for saponin at 406 nm. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) for ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions showed oxidation peaks at 0.50 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyzed functional groups of flavonoids and saponins. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identified major flavonoids, that is, vicenin II, spinosin, kaemferol (glycoside), and saponins (jujubosides). The result stated that the polarity of solvents plays a vital role in extracting redox-active antioxidants from the leaves of Z. jujuba. Furthermore, it stated that ethyl acetate is the most effective fractionation solvent. This study gives analytical framework for extraction and characterization of antioxidant-rich fraction of Z. jujuba leaves along with emphasis on the role of solvent polarity in phytochemical recovery.

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Yingpukdee Natdanai N, Ariyakriangkai Watcharaphong W, Korwanich Kanyarat K, Okonogi Siriporn S et al.

Salivary fluoride concentration is commonly used as an indicator of short-term fluoride exposure and clearance following topical fluoride application. Rice-based fluoride gels, formulated as rice-starch-HEC hybrid gels, may serve as alternative delivery systems; however, data regarding their salivary fluoride retention compared with standard commercial formulations remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the salivary fluoride retention of two novel fluoride rice-based gels in comparison with a commercial acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel following professional application using a tray delivery method. A randomized, single-blind (participants), three-period crossover clinical trial was conducted in 32 healthy participants aged 18-30 years. Each participant received three different fluoride gel applications in a randomized sequence: a commercial APF gel (control), a fluoride non-glutinous rice-based gel, and a fluoride glutinous rice-based gel, with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline and at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min post-application. Fluoride concentration was measured using an ion-selective electrode. The area under the curve (AUC) and fluoride half-life (t½) were calculated to assess fluoride bioavailability and clearance rates. All three fluoride gel formulations produced an immediate increase in salivary fluoride concentration, with mean concentrations at 0 min ranging from 345.99 to 404.53 ppm, followed by a rapid decline over time. Salivary fluoride concentrations changed significantly over time (p < 0.001), whereas no significant overall effect of gel formulation, gel-by-time interaction, sequence effect, or period effect was observed. AUC values did not differ significantly among the three formulations. At 60 min, mean salivary fluoride concentrations ranged from 4.94 to 5.62 ppm. The k and t½ also showed no statistically significant differences among formulations. The two rice-based APF gels showed short-term salivary fluoride concentration-time profiles, AUC values, and fluoride clearance parameters (k and t½) that did not differ significantly from those of the commercial fluoride gel. Salivary fluoride concentrations remained above the reference threshold for at least 60 min. However, further studies are needed to evaluate enamel fluoride uptake, CaF₂-like reservoir formation, acid resistance, and clinical anticaries efficacy. This study was registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR; registration number TCTR20240707002) on 7 July 2024. The full registration details are available at: https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20240707002 .

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Siqueira Luiz Felipe Rodrigues LFR, Pereira Ângelo Caetano Rodrigues Mathias ÂCRM, Fernandes Bruno Felipe BF, Perazzo Matheus de França MF et al.

Custom-made mouthguards are widely used to prevent sports-related dentoalveolar injuries, but evidence comparing commercial ethylene-vinyl acetate materials under real sporting conditions remains limited. This randomized crossover clinical trial evaluated whether three commercial ethylene-vinyl acetate brands (BioArt, Proform, and Polyshok) influence wearability, athlete preference, willingness to pay, clinical performance, and structural deformation in elite soccer players. Fourteen athletes were randomized to six sequences of three customized mouthguards in a double-blind crossover design. Each mouthguard underwent one week of clinical adjustment followed by four weeks of sports use. Wearability and preference were assessed using a questionnaire, willingness to pay by an auction method, and clinical performance by adaptation, retention, and stability. Structural deformation was evaluated before and after use by three-dimensional optical scanning and digital superimposition. Inferential comparisons were performed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, whereas categorical outcomes were summarized descriptively. Eleven athletes completed all phases. Overall wearability did not differ significantly among brands, although breathing differed among the three materials. Proform was the most preferred brand (72.7%), whereas Polyshok showed the highest median willingness to pay (70 United States dollars). Deformation was greatest at the occlusal/incisal surface in several sectioning regions, but occlusal/incisal deformation did not differ significantly among brands. Most mouthguards remained adequately adapted after use. Descriptively, BioArt showed the highest final retention, whereas Proform showed the lowest final retention and was the only brand with reduced stability over time. The commercial ethylene-vinyl acetate brand did not significantly influence overall wearability or occlusal/incisal deformation, whereas athlete preference and willingness to pay varied among brands. Customized mouthguards showed measurable structural deformation after sports use while most remained adequately adapted, supporting material selection based on athlete-centered outcomes together with periodic clinical monitoring.

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PubMedRoyal Society open science2026-11-11

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Abedin Minhajul M, Ahamed Imtiaz I, Hasan Md Zahid MZ, Choudhury M S H MSH

This study investigates the performance of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs) employing four hole transport layer (HTL) candidates: cadmium telluride (CdTe) and three kesterite materials-copper-barium-tin sulfide (CBTS), copper-iron-tin sulfide (CFTS) and copper-manganese-tin sulfide (CMTS). Electrical and optical parameters collected from the literature were incorporated into SCAPS-1D for device modelling. A comprehensive analysis examined the effects of HTL thickness, temperature, absorber and electron transport layer (ETL) thickness, capacitance, parasitic resistance and doping concentration on device performance. The results demonstrate that CdTe is a highly promising HTL, with the optimized fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/ZnO/ruthenium complex dye (N719)/CdTe/Pt heterostructure achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.58%, a fill factor (FF) of 87.86%, an open-circuit voltage (V OC) of 1.106 V and a current density (J SC) of 22.21 mA cm-², exceeding previously reported values. Among kesterite-based HTLs, CBTS and CFTS exhibited notable PCEs of 16.42 and 14.80%, respectively, outperforming comparable studies. These findings indicate that CdTe, CBTS and CFTS are strong candidates for ssDSSC applications, offering enhanced efficiency and stability. Notably, CBTS emerges as a low-cost, Earth-abundant alternative with favourable band alignment and high thermal stability. This work provides valuable insights for advancing efficient and sustainable ssDSSC technologies.

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