AbbVie, Inc. · ESR1
estrogen is a therapeutic agent developed by AbbVie, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).
| Brand Names | Estratab, esterified estrogen, Menest |
| Company | AbbVie, Inc. |
| Molecular Target | ESR1 |
| Route | Oral (PO) |
| Status | Approved |
estrogen acts on 1 molecular target:
| ESR1 | estrogen receptor 1 (ER, ESR) |
estrogen is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.
| Therapeutic Area | Condition | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| Surgical and medical procedures | Hormone replacement therapy | ✓ Approved |
Apaijai Nattayaporn N, Charoenphandhu Narattaphol N, Ittichaichareon Jitjiroj J, Suntornsaratoon Panan P et al.
Luo Lijia L, Li Lei L, Wang Xi X, Bai Wenpei W
Hormonal shifts during menopause are crucial to women's health, characterized by a reduction in estrogen levels and an elevation in circulating androgen, which may result from either natural or surgical menopause. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the multifaceted mechanisms by which menopausal hormonal fluctuations reshape systemic health span. This review synthesizes current knowledge of the complex mechanisms between hormonal changes and immune cell interactions, highlighting how these relationships can influence disease risk during the menopausal transition. We also emphasize how these neuroendocrine-immune-microbial disruptions facilitate the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and the evolution of tumorigenic microenvironments. Finally, we discuss key challenges and future research directions in related research with goal of informing novel strategies to prevent and treat menopause-related diseases.
Huang Jeremy Y JY, Relovska Sona S, Madnani Rishi S RS, Li Li L et al.
Endometriosis is a disease where cells similar to those of the uterine lining grow outside of the uterus, embedding into tissues and organs in the abdominal cavity, forming lesions and causing pain and infertility. Previous studies in patients with endometriosis identified single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the disease, as well as somatic mutations in cancer-related genes. Here, we use bulk RNA sequencing to determine transcriptome mutation profiling and differentially expressed genes in endometriotic lesions, peritoneum and eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis and control patients. Differential gene expression analysis revealed differences in the transcriptome in lesions based on their color, specifically increased inflammatory processes in red lesions compared to clear lesions. Furthermore, lesions expressed an increase in cell proliferation and estrogen response genes compared to eutopic endometrium. We identified an increased occurrence of somatic mutations in cancer-associated genes ARID1A, KRAS, PIK3CA, ARHGAP35 and PBRM1, which were conserved between lesions, peritoneum and eutopic endometrium, in patients with endometriosis without cancer. These mutations arising from eutopic endometrium may have a role in the establishment and progression of the disease. Importantly, our findings suggest that excision of the visible endometriotic lesion tissue during surgery may not be sufficient for complete removal of the lesion, leading to recurrence. Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows on pelvic organs, causing pain and affecting fertility. We used RNA sequencing to measure differences in gene expression across three types of tissues: lesions, endometrium, and peritoneum (the membrane that covers internal organs where endometriosis lesions grow). We found that red lesions expressed more inflammation-related genes than clear lesions, and that endometriosis lesions had more signs of cell growth and estrogen response than the other tissues. We also found mutations in genes linked to cancer across the three tissues in patients without cancer. These findings suggest that endometriosis may start or spread from changes in the uterine lining, and that removing only the visible lesions during surgery may not always remove all of the disease.
Lijin Chen C, Linghui Chen C, Chengrui Wang W, Yijun Fang F et al.
To further investigate the mechanism of Jiawei Huangan Lipi decoction (, JHD) in treating tic disorders (TD) based on metabolomics and network pharmacology. The TD model rats were established using iminodipropionitrile and Shengdahuang (Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei Palmati) powder, combined with tail clamping and cold stimulation to induce pathology. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyse the chemical constituents of JHD, integrated network pharmacology to predict its therapeutic targets and pathways, and validated findings through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and metabolomics. LC-MS-based serum metabolomics coupled with pattern recognition techniques identified endogenous differential metabolites and elucidated associated metabolic pathways. Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed JHD's 744 compounds targeting 247 genes, notably ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate-alpha serine/threonine kinase 1, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, estrogen receptor 1, interleukin-1β were highlighted, indicating that JHD may mitigate the incidence of TD by modulating these pivotal genes. The identified targets were predominantly enriched in pathways related to cancer, lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, malaria, cAMP signaling, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. Metabolomics identified 255 differential metabolites in TD, with JHD reversing 85 linked to linoleic acid, taurine, and biotin metabolism pathways. These pathways may underpin JHD's therapeutic effects against TD. The study systematically explored JHD's mechanism by cross-integrating metabolomics-derived biomarker pathways with network pharmacology predictions, and it may be a useful alternative therapy for the treatment of TD.
Paudel Rama R, Kc Dilip D, Gyawali Jeevan J, Chauhan Bhim B et al.
Menopause is the transitional change in women from the reproductive to non-reproductive stage, a phenomenon unique to women. A variety of symptoms are present as part of this transition, brought by changes in female reproductive hormones, estrogen and progesterone. These symptoms include a range of physical symptoms of hot flushes, night sweats, irregular menstruation to depression, and insomnia. This study aimed to find out the menopausal symptoms and its associated factors among women in Dhorpatan Municipality, Baglung, Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted among menopausal women of three wards of Dhorpatan Municipality between the months of Chaitra and Bhadra, after approval from the Institutional Review Committee. A simple random sampling was used. This study involves 266 women who are willing to participate in the study and have given written consent. Among the 266 respondents, 52.3% were aware of their symptoms. Among those with menopausal symptoms, 25.9% experience hot flashes, 74.1% have sweating, 29.5% report vaginal dryness, 38.1% mention heart discomfort, 37.4% face anxiety, and 19.4% deal with depressive mood during menopause. Education, marital status, number of children, regular physical exercise, and utilization of health services were the factors that were significantly associated with menopausal symptoms. About half of the respondents experienced menopausal symptoms, with most common being sweating, heart discomfort, anxiety, vaginal dryness, hot flashes and depression. Education, physical activity, and use of health services were linked to these symptoms. Local authorities should organize regular health camps, and women should be encouraged to discuss their issues.
Han Fei F, Wang Zongming Z, Zhang Xianchao X, Wang Xin X
Pulmonary fibroleiomyomatous hamartoma (PLH) is a rare benign subtype of pulmonary hamartoma. It typically presents on imaging as a well-circumscribed solid pulmonary nodule. The lesion can arise in any region of the lung. There is a slight female predominance, and most patients are asymptomatic or present with mild, non-specific respiratory symptoms such as cough and sputum production. In most cases, the lesion is incidentally detected during routine health examinations or imaging studies performed for unrelated conditions. This case report describes a 55-year-old woman in whom a cystic abnormal lesion with areas of air lucency was incidentally detected in the right upper lobe during a routine health examination. The lesion appeared as a large space-occupying mass with cystic wall enhancement on imaging, and a congenital cystic lesion was initially suspected. After admission, the patient underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection of the right upper lobe lesion. Intraoperatively, the tumor demonstrated a pedunculated exophytic growth pattern with a narrow stalk. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed a biphasic architecture composed of epithelial and mesenchymal components. Immunohistochemical findings, together with the histopathological features, favored the diagnosis of pulmonary fibroleiomyomatous hamartoma. The patient recovered uneventfully after surgery, and no evidence of recurrence was observed during the available follow-up period. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case describing a pulmonary lesion favoring the diagnosis of pulmonary fibroleiomyomatous hamartoma that presents predominantly as a giant exophytic multilocular cystic lesion. The patient had a previous history of hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma, and the lesion showed positive expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), suggesting a potential hormonal association. This case highlights that pulmonary fibroleiomyomatous hamartoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary lesions in female patients with a history of uterine leiomyoma, even when imaging findings demonstrate atypical cystic features, to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis.
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