Drug Database
AL

alpha-1 antitrypsin (Alfalastin / rhAAT, GTC)

✓ Approved

rEVO Biologics · SERPINA1 · Recombinant Proteins

What is alpha-1 antitrypsin?

alpha-1 antitrypsin is a recombinant proteins developed by rEVO Biologics. It is approved for therapeutic indications via unknown.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAlfalastin, rhAAT, GTC
CompanyrEVO Biologics
Drug ClassRecombinant Proteins
Molecular TargetSERPINA1
RouteUnknown
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, rEVO Biologics

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

alpha-1 antitrypsin acts on 1 molecular target:

SERPINA1serpin family A member 1 (PRO2275, nNIF)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

alpha-1 antitrypsin is developed for 3 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Congenital, familial and genetic disordersCongenital emphysema✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDermatitis allergicPreclinical
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDermatitis atopicPreclinical

Related Research Articles

PubMedNeuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society2026-05-24

Anodal Transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation at Alpha-Gamma Frequencies: Effects on Corticospinal and Cortico-Cortical Excitability.

Malekahmad Mona M, Frazer Ashlyn K AK, Zoghi Maryam M, Jaberzadeh Shapour S

Transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) is a frequency-dependent neuromodulation technique, but its mechanisms at alpha-gamma frequencies remain unexplored. This study investigated the effects of anodal tPCS (a-tPCS) at 10, 25, and 80 Hz and sham stimulation on cortical outcomes and side effects. In this double-blinded, randomized, counterbalanced crossover trial, 15 healthy participants completed four experimental sessions (2 mA, 20 minutes). Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and paired-pulse TMS were delivered over the primary motor cortex before and after each a-tPCS condition, with a minimum 48-hour washout period to prevent carryover effects. Findings indicated that a single-session a-tPCS at these frequencies enhanced corticospinal excitability (CSE) compared with sham stimulation (p < 0.05) with minimal side effects during stimulation. CSE increase at 10 Hz (64.6%) and 25 Hz (44.9%) showed concurrent intracortical facilitation (ICF) modulation. However, at 80 Hz, a 27.66% increase in CSE was observed alongside a reduction in short-interval intracortical inhibition, as indicated by an increased conditioned or unconditioned motor evoked potential ratio. These findings should be interpreted with caution, given their proximity to statistical thresholds. Alpha-beta a-tPCS increased CSE, accompanied by changes in ICF, which may reflect facilitation of excitatory intracortical circuits potentially involving glutamatergic mechanisms. However, gamma-frequency stimulation showed a pattern that may reflect compensatory inhibitory processes potentially related to gamma-aminobutyric acidergic activity. Alpha-gamma a-tPCS may provide a safer neuromodulation approach for further clinical research into its efficacy.

PMID 42175974
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PubMedPoultry science2026-05-24

Dietary alpha‑lipoic acid, sprouted wheat, and multi‑enzyme supplementation improve yolk fatty acid profile and antioxidant status in laying hens.

Fazlollah Farbood F, Ghazanfari Shokoufe S, Sharifi Seyed Davood SD, Nobari Karim K et al.

In a completely randomized trial, we investigated the individual and combined effects of sprouted wheat (SW, 5%), a multi‑enzyme blend (ME; 500 mg/kg), and alpha‑lipoic acid (ALA; 300 mg/kg) on yolk fatty acid composition and cholesterol content, blood biochemical indices, and oxidative‑stress‑related parameters in SuperNick laying hens, using 10 dietary treatments (n = 200; five replicates of four hens each) over a 60‑day period. Experimental diets containing 5% wheat or wheat sprout produced only modest changes in dietary fatty acid composition, with all diets remaining high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and low in trans‑fatty acids. Wheat slightly improved the PUFA to saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and the proportion of long‑chain n‑3 PUFA, while both wheat and sprouted wheat marginally reduced the excessively high n‑6 to n‑3 and linoleic / alpha‑linolenic acid ratios compared with the corn‑based control. In egg yolk, dietary treatments significantly modified saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles (P < 0.001). Alpha‑lipoic acid was the main driver of changes in SFA, lowering total SFA primarily through reductions in palmitic, myristic, and heptadecanoic acids, and increasing very‑long‑chain SFA. Yolk monounsaturated fatty acids were also affected, with ALA decreasing palmitoleic and oleic acids but increasing erucic acid, whereas wheat form and ME exerted smaller, more specific effects such as increased nervonic acid with sprouted wheat. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic, alpha‑linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids, were enhanced by ALA, especially in corn + ALA and wheat + ME + ALA diets, resulting in improved yolk n‑3 content and n‑3 to n‑6 ratio. Blood metabolites and antioxidant indices were strongly influenced by diet (P < 0.001), with ALA consistently lowering total cholesterol and triglycerides, modifying lipoprotein fractions, increasing superoxide dismutase activity, and reducing malondialdehyde, while sprouted wheat and ME alone showed limited but favorable effects on lipid peroxidation. Overall, ALA supplementation, especially in combination with wheat‑based diets and ME, beneficially modulated yolk fatty acid profile and systemic oxidative status, with only minor alterations in basal dietary lipid composition.

PMID 42176580
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PubMedEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2026-05-24

Altered long-range temporal correlations in delta oscillatory amplitude dynamics in gambling disorder.

Xue Chao C, Zhong Gangliang G, Chen Tianzhen T, Wei Yicheng Y et al.

Understanding the neural oscillations underlying gambling disorder (GD) is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. While the spatial coordination of neural activity in GD patients has been extensively studied, the temporal dynamics of neural activity have not yet been investigated. In this study, we aim to investigate the long-range temporal correlations (LRTC) of the instantaneous amplitude of resting-state Electroencephalography (EEG) in GD patients. EEG activity was recorded during eyes-closed wakeful rest in 87 patients with GD and 40 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls. LRTC in amplitude fluctuations was quantified using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to estimate Hurst exponents across delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), and gamma (30-45 Hz) frequency bands. Participants also completed measures of impulsivity and gambling severity. Group differences were assessed using parametric or non-parametric statistical tests, depending on data distribution. Compared with healthy controls, the GD group exhibited significantly higher LRTC in the delta band over middle-frontal and parietal regions (p < .001, rank-biserial correlation = 0.44), whereas no significant group differences were observed in the theta, alpha, beta, or gamma bands. Additionally, GD participants also showed higher scores on the "motor impulsivity" construct of impulsivity (p < .001, Cohen's d = 1.35), which was positively associated with higher LRTC in the delta band in the GD group (p = .034). These increased LRTC in the delta band effectively differentiated individuals with GD from healthy controls (p < .001). We identified disrupted temporal correlations in the brain networks of GD patients, suggesting that elevated delta-band LRTC may represent a candidate electrophysiological marker warranting further replication and longitudinal validation.

PMID 42176233
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PubMedEuropean journal of pharmacology2026-05-24

Sulfonated peptide alleviates hypertensive renal injury via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and renal metabolomics.

Li Yuexiu Y, Song Siyi S, Lin Qianxia Q, Jin Huoxi H

Excessive dietary salt intake is a well-established risk factor for hypertension, with numerous underscoring its significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Dietary management is widely recognized as essential for both the prevention and treatment of hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive efficacy of a sulfonated peptide, Leucyl-glycyl-asparaginyl-glycyl-cysteinylsulfonic acid-proline (Leu-Gly-Asn-Gly-Cya-Pro, SLP), against high-salt-induced hypertension and renal injury, thereby providing new insights into hypertension prevention strategies. Compared with the unsulfonated peptide, Leucyl-glycyl- asparaginyl-glycyl-cysteinyl-proline (Leu-Gly-Asn-Gly-Cys-Pro, LP), SLP was more effective in attenuating the elevation of blood pressure, inhibiting renal fibrosis, improving markers of renal injury (alpha-1-microglobulin and uric acid), and reducing levels of inflammatory factors and adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and interleukin-1β). Additionally, SLP upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase while downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase in the kidney. Similarly, high levels of nuclear factor-kappa B and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B induced by high-salt in the kidney were effectively prevented by SLP treatment. Furthermore, SLP exerted antihypertensive effects through the regulation of tryptophan, purine, glycerophospholipid, and cysteine metabolism, as well as the citrate cycle. Overall, sulfonation modification enhances the anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory activities of peptides, with the sulfonated peptides SLP significantly preventing high-salt-induced hypertension and its associated renal complications.

PMID 42176725
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PubMedKidney international2026-05-24

Nociceptive sensory nerves induce an IL4Rαhi anti-inflammatory macrophage subset that protects against kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Zhang Shun S, Pan Xiuwu X, Liu Hailong H, Chen Kaikai K et al.

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1+ (TRPV1+) sensory nerves, usually involved in transmitting pain and itch signals, densely innervate the kidney. Since the kidney is not a classic pain-sensitive organ, the roles of these sensory nerves beyond pain perception remain unknown. Here, we reveal a neuroimmune axis wherein TRPV1+ nociceptive sensory neurons protect against kidney ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by inducing an anti-inflammatory macrophage subset. We employed reporter mice to visualize TRPV1+ nociceptive sensory nerves and used retrograde neuronal tracing to identify the activation of kidney-innervating TRPV1+ neurons during kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury. To examine their function, we applied multiple nociceptor ablation strategies (genetic and chemical) and activation approaches. Macrophage responses were analyzed using flow cytometry and RNA sequencing, while molecular signaling pathways were investigated with pharmacological inhibitors and in vitro stimulation assays. Urinary calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels and macrophage profiles were also assessed in post-nephrectomy patients to validate clinical relevance. Nociceptive sensory nerves are activated by inflammation during kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury and initiate protective anti-inflammatory programs by releasing CGRP, which signals through Receptor Activity Modifying Protein 1 (RAMP1) receptors on macrophages to induce a unique interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL4Rαhi) population via cAMP PKA-CREB-dependent pathway. CGRP synergizes with IL-4 to promote the anti-inflammatory and pro-healing function of macrophages. Elevated urinary CGRP levels correlated with reduced kidney injury markers (KIM-1 and NGAL) and higher proportions of anti-inflammatory macrophages in post nephrectomy patients. Our findings redefine nociceptors as active regulators of kidney inflammation and homeostasis, leveraging CGRP to convert macrophages into anti-inflammatory phenotypes to protect against kidney injury, offering new therapeutic opportunities for AKI.

PMID 42176775
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PubMedJournal of vascular research2026-05-24

Vascular Ageing in Conditions Associated With Early Onset Hypogonadism.

Lucas-Herald Angela K AK, McNeilly Jane D JD, Ahmed S Faisal SF

Early-onset hypogonadism may increase the risk of early vascular ageing (EVA). Boys with conditions linked to intrauterine hypogonadism-Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and hypospadias-were recruited alongside healthy controls. Assessments included clinic blood pressure (BP), flow-mediated dilatation, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Fasting blood tests measured testosterone, anti-Müllerian hormone, luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, triglycerides, glucose, and cholesterol. Oxidative stress and epigenetic markers were evaluated using total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), peroxide, oxidative stress index (OSI), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione, alpha klotho protein, histone H3 modification, telomerase, and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity. Eleven boys per group were studied (median age 14.5 years). Systolic BP was higher in KS and hypospadias compared with controls. CIMT and pulse pressure were elevated in hypospadias versus controls. Mean arterial pressure was increased in KS. Oxidative stress markers (TBARS, TAOC, peroxide, OSI) were higher in hypospadias. 8OHdG was elevated in hypospadias versus controls but lower than in KS. DNMT activity was increased in both KS and hypospadias. No differences were observed in alpha klotho, histone H3 modification, or telomerase. Adolescents with early-onset hypogonadism show evidence of EVA, with associated oxidative stress and epigenetic alterations warranting further investigation.

PMID 42176296
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