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hyoscyamine sulfate (IBStat)

✓ Approved

Salix · CHRM1 · Small Molecule

What is hyoscyamine sulfate?

hyoscyamine sulfate is a small molecule developed by Salix. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po) or sublingual (sl)/oral transmucosal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesIBStat
CompanySalix
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetCHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4
RouteOral (PO), Sublingual (SL)/Oral Transmucosal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Salix

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

hyoscyamine sulfate acts on 4 molecular targets:

CHRM1cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1 (M1, HM1)
CHRM2cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 (HM2)
CHRM3cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 (HM3, PBS)
CHRM4cholinergic receptor muscarinic 4 (HM4, M4R)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

hyoscyamine sulfate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Gastrointestinal disordersIrritable bowel syndrome✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedNeuroprotection (Chichester, England)2026-07-25

Heparan sulfate and glycomimetics: Advances in synthesis and biological applications for post-stroke neurorepair.

Bhuiyan Mozammel H MH, Smith Madeleine J MJ, Hinkley Simon F R SFR, Clarkson Andrew N AN

Heparan sulfate, a structurally diverse glycosaminoglycan that is abundant in the central nervous system (CNS), orchestrates essential processes fundamental to neural plasticity, neurorepair, and neuroprotection. The ability of heparan sulfate to promote regeneration, in stark contrast to the inhibitory effects of chondroitin sulfate and related glycosaminoglycans, has sparked a growing interest in harnessing heparan sulfate and synthetic glycomimetics for post-stroke neurorepair, as well as numerous other neurodegenerative diseases. However, significant gaps persist in our understanding of how sulfation patterns of heparan sulfate can govern functional outcomes, and major barriers remain for clinical translation. Here, we critically review advances in the synthesis and application of heparan sulfate-based glycomimetics, delineate the mechanistic duality of glycosaminoglycans in CNS diseases, and highlight how new preclinical and emerging clinical data are reshaping prospects for bioengineered extracellular matrix therapies. We identify unresolved challenges in delivery, specificity and efficacy, and propose future research directions to bridge these translational divides.

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PubMedFrontiers in pharmacology2026-07-25

Magnesium sulfate gargle for preventing postoperative sore throat following laryngeal mask airway ventilation: a randomized, controlled, dose-finding trial.

Guo Lei L, Ma Ling L, Ma Shaoling S, Ma Hanxiang H et al.

Magnesium sulfate gargle is widely used as an intervention for preventing postoperative sore throat (POST) due to its analgesic effect achieved by inhibiting calcium influx mediated by peripheral NMDA receptors. This study aimed to investigate its optimal dosage following laryngeal mask airway (LMA) ventilation. A total of 239 patients aged 18-60 years, with ASA grades I-II, who under general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway intubation were included. Patients were randomized to gargle 30 ml of either normal saline or magnesium sulfate at 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg 10-15 min before anesthesia, with the primary outcome being the incidence of POST assessed in the PACU and at 2, 6, and 24 h postoperatively. The secondary outcomes included LMA ventilation-related parameters and adverse events. The incidence of POST under different dosages of magnesium sulfate was 31.7%, 18.3%, 11.9%, and 6.7% in the PACU; 28.3%, 15.0%, 6.8%, and 6.7% at 2 h; 23.3%, 10.0%, 3.4%, and 3.3% at 6 h; and 15.0%, 5.0%, 3.4%, and 1.7% at 24 h postoperatively. As the dosage of magnesium sulfate gargle increased, the incidence of POST decreased (PACU, P = 0.002; 2 h postoperatively, P = 0.002; 6 h postoperatively, P < 0.001; 24 h postoperatively, P = 0.012). The ED90 values of magnesium sulfate gargle for preventing POST in the PACU and at 2 h postoperatively were 22.747 mg/kg (95% CI: 16.524-37.616) and 18.828 mg/kg (95% CI: 12.847-31.396), respectively. No differences were observed in LMA ventilation-related parameters and adverse events across groups. The prophylactic administration of magnesium sulfate gargle can effectively reduce the incidence of POST, with a dosage of 20 mg/kg identified as optimal.

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PubMedBMJ case reports2026-07-25

Early-onset non-oliguric hyperkalaemia in a moderate preterm infant following maternal magnesium sulfate therapy.

Balamurugan Pasupathi Raj PR, Debbarma Roma R, Shimpiger Santhosh S, Js Anil Kumar AK et al.

Early neonatal hyperkalaemia is uncommon but may cause life-threatening arrhythmias if untreated. While most cases occur in extremely low-birth-weight infants after 24 hours of life, hyperkalaemia within the first few hours after birth is unusual.Magnesium sulfate, commonly used for pre-eclampsia, crosses the placenta and can cause neonatal hypermagnesaemia, which may disrupt potassium balance by inhibiting sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity and renal outer medullary potassium channel-mediated distal tubular potassium secretion.A preterm infant born at 33+4 weeks' gestation developed severe hyperkalaemia, with serum potassium 7.65 mmol/L and hypermagnesaemia within 2 hours of life. Electrocardiography, urine output, acid-base status and renal ultrasonography were normal. Postpartum maternal evaluation showed hypermagnesaemia and hyperkalaemia, suggesting a possible maternal contribution. Following rapid recognition and treatment with salbutamol and insulin-dextrose, serum potassium normalised and no arrhythmias occurred.This case shows that early-onset neonatal hyperkalaemia can occur in moderately preterm infants after maternal magnesium sulfate exposure, highlighting the importance of early detection and management.

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PubMedMagnetic resonance letters2026-07-25

Heptanuclear iron complex as a potential contrast agent for MRI.

Batueva Ekaterina E EE, Sharipova Alsu R AR, Turanova Olga A OA, Klimovitskii Alexander E AE et al.

A heptanuclear complex of the composition [Fe(II)(CN)6{Fe(III)](L)}6](SCN)2, where L = dianion N,N-bis(1-hydroxy-2-benzylidene)-1,7-diamino-4-azageptane has been studied as a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. The longitudinal and transverse relaxation times of water in a colloidal solution of this molecular magnet with sodium dodecyl sulfate were measured by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, depending on the concentration, and its relaxivity was calculated. The obtained relaxation values indicate that this complex is a promising candidate for use as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging. This preliminary study is aimed at identifying the possibility of applying the heptanuclear complex as a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent.

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PubMedCell reports. Medicine2026-07-25

CRISPR-Cas9-producing probiotic bacteria for editing NOX2/gp91phox and treating inflammatory bowel disease.

Zhang Chen C, Li Tianyu T, Hao Huoye H, Wang Gang G et al.

The primary pathogenic mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves elevated levels of reactive oxide species (ROS) in the gut, leading to oxidative stress and damage to the intestinal barrier function. We engineered a non-pathogenic bacterial strain, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), for oral CRISPR-Cas9 delivery to edit NOX2 (encoding the gp91phox subunit of NADPH oxidase 2), thereby alleviating IBD symptoms by reducing ROS. EcN expressing the Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) was encapsulated in a hydrogel (composed of hyaluronic acid, chitosan, and MgCl2), which protected EcN-RNP from degradation and increased survival from 0.07% to 12%. EcN-RNP hydrogel reduced NOX2 expression by 47% and ROS by 88% in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, oral delivery of EcN-RNP hydrogel mitigated inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mouse models. Mechanistically, the hydrogel could activate the NRF2-HO1/GPX4 pathway by inhibiting NOX2 expression, enhancing oxidative defense, and promoting glutathione accumulation. Thus, the EcN-RNP hydrogel offers a promising therapeutic strategy for IBD.

PMID 42497864
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PubMedJournal of environmental sciences (China)2026-07-25

Titanium white waste acid-mediated dealkalization and soil-like substrate construction from bauxite residue: Mechanisms and ecological benefits.

Xie Xin X, Zhu Bin B, Yan Ximing X, Zhang Gen G et al.

Bauxite residue (BR), characterized by fine particle size and persistent alkalinity, results in massive stockpiling causing soil occupation and environmental risks. This study innovatively proposes a "waste-treats-waste" strategy employing titanium white waste acid (FS) combined with waste mushroom compost to construct soil-like substrates, systematically comparing it with conventional calcium sulfate (CS) dealkalization. Results demonstrate that FS treatment effectively inhibits pH rebound (maintaining 7.0-8.2 for 50 days) by disrupting sodalite crystal structure, improves particle properties (19.23 % increase in median particle size versus CS), and enhances ryegrass growth (over 50.00 % germination rate, 9.62 times plant dry biomass versus CS) and nutrient retention capacity in FS-based soil-like substrate. Microbial analysis revealed significantly increased abundance of copiotrophic phyla (e.g., Proteobacteria) in FS-based soil-like substrate. Mechanistic investigations identified synergistic effects between complex iron oxides (35 % increase) and prosperous plant root system in promoting macroaggregate (> 2 mm) formation. This work presents a green sustainable solution for BR utilization and ecological rehabilitation.

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