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saxagliptin (Bessin)

✓ Approved

Sino Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd · DPP4 · Small Molecule

What is saxagliptin?

saxagliptin is a small molecule developed by Sino Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesBessin
CompanySino Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetDPP4
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Sino Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

saxagliptin acts on 1 molecular target:

DPP4dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (CD26, DPPIV)
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Therapeutic Indications

saxagliptin is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Metabolism and nutrition disordersType 2 diabetes mellitus✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine2026-09-19

Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative Ultrasound Liver Fat Estimation with MRI-PDFF as the Reference Standard.

Roccarina Davide D, Ferraioli Giovanna G, Hidalgo Ronald R, Barr Richard G RG

To assess the performance of 3 ultrasound-based liver fat quantification algorithms-tissue attenuation imaging (TAI), tissue scatter imaging (TSI; Nakagami parameter), and ultrasound-derived fat fraction (USFF)-using magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) as the reference standard. In this prospective, IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant study conducted at 2 North American centers, adults with or at risk for hepatic steatosis underwent quantitative ultrasound and same-day MRI-PDFF. The US examinations were performed with the Samsung RS85 system (Samsung Medison, Seoul, South Korea) using a C1-5S transducer. The software version utilized was 2.08.01.3538. Correlations were assessed using Spearman's rho. Diagnostic performance for steatosis grades S > 0, S > 1, and S > 2 was evaluated using AUROC analysis. Overall accuracy across grades was also assessed with the Obuchowski measure. Correlations and AUROCs were compared using Steiger's and DeLong's tests, respectively. Among 181 participants (113 women; median age, 57 years), MRI-PDFF correlated strongly with TAI and USFF (rho, 0.77 and 0.79) and moderately with TSI (rho, 0.57). For S > 0, AUROCs were 0.92 for TAI, 0.78 for TSI, and 0.93 for USFF; for S > 1, 0.88, 0.77, and 0.89; and for S > 2, 0.81, 0.73, and 0.83, respectively. Obuchowski measures were 0.87, 0.76, and 0.88. TAI and USFF were significantly more accurate than TSI (p = .03 and p = .02), with no significant difference between them (p = .79). TAI and USFF showed high, comparable performance for detecting hepatic steatosis and outperformed TSI. USFF was numerically superior to TAI, without significant incremental benefit. Discrimination between moderate and severe steatosis remained limited in the US evaluation.

PMID 42760613
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PubMedThe AAPS journal2026-09-19

Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science: Opportunities, Challenges, and Emerging Frameworks.

Lucas Inês I, Sousa João J, Vitorino Carla C

Digital transformation in pharmaceutical regulatory affairs is accelerating as global submissions grow in complexity and traditional document-based workflows reach their limits. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly natural language processing (NLP), is increasingly being explored to support regulatory data management, document preparation, and decision support activities. This review examines AI adoption across pharmaceutical regulatory science, including initiatives from major regulatory agencies, AI-supported regulatory workflows, and emerging governance and interoperability frameworks. Current applications include document classification, data extraction, Common Technical Document (CTD) support, pharmacovigilance, and predictive analytics. Key implementation challenges, including explainability, traceability, validation, data quality, interoperability, cybersecurity, and Good Practice (GxP) compliance requirements, are critically discussed. The review further examines emerging regulatory data ecosystems and governance frameworks that may support the responsible integration of AI into regulatory processes. Collectively, these developments highlight the potential of AI to support more structured, interoperable, and efficient regulatory systems while maintaining regulatory oversight and accountability. Current evidence suggests that AI implementation has progressed from conceptual research toward early operational deployment. However, robust evidence demonstrating sustained improvements in regulatory performance and long-term operational impact remains limited.

PMID 42760430
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PubMedF1000Research2026-09-19

The Beekeeping Sector of Kazakhstan and Contributions to the Pharmaceutical Industry: Promising Flavonoids with the Pharmacokinetic Properties Via the Computational Evaluations.

Kaya Şeyda Ş, Selamoglu Zeliha Z, Durna Daştan Sevgi S, Gaipov Tulkinzhon T et al.

Bee products are rich sources of bioactive flavonoids with potential applications in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical research. However, differences in the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of individual flavonoids may substantially influence their drug-likeness and bioavailability. This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetic, physicochemical, and drug-likeness profiles of four representative flavonoids commonly associated with bee products myricetin, galangin, kaempferol, and quercetin. In silico pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness analyses were performed using the SwissADME web platform. The investigated compounds were evaluated in terms of physicochemical properties, lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, gastrointestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate status, and compliance with established drug-likeness rules, including Lipinski, Veber, Egan, and Muegge criteria. All four flavonoids exhibited favorable molecular properties and an identical predicted bioavailability score of 0.55. Galangin, kaempferol, and quercetin showed high predicted gastrointestinal absorption and fully complied with the Lipinski, Veber, Egan, and Muegge drug-likeness criteria. In contrast, myricetin exhibited comparatively lower predicted gastrointestinal absorption, which may be associated with its higher polarity, greater hydrogen-bonding capacity, and elevated topological polar surface area. None of the investigated flavonoids was predicted to penetrate the BBB or to act as a P-gp substrate. Variations in hydroxyl substitution were associated with marked differences in lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, membrane permeability, and overall pharmacokinetic behavior. Among the compounds evaluated, galangin displayed the most balanced physicochemical and medicinal chemistry profile, whereas kaempferol and quercetin also demonstrated favorable characteristics for oral drug development. The findings indicate that flavonoids associated with Kazakhstan bee products possess distinct but generally favorable drug-likeness and predicted pharmacokinetic profiles. In particular, galangin emerged as the most balanced candidate among the compounds examined. Integrating in silico pharmacokinetic assessment with knowledge of bee-product composition may contribute to the scientific evaluation, quality standardization, and value-added utilization of Kazakhstan's apicultural resources, while providing a basis for further experimental investigation of their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential.

PMID 42760912
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PubMedInfectious diseases of poverty2026-09-19

Territorial inequities in access to essential medicines for neglected tropical diseases in a decentralised European health system: a nationwide assessment in Spain.

Belhassen-García Moncef M, de la Calle-Prieto Fernando F, Del Moral Sánchez José Manuel JM, Alonso-Sardón Montserrat M et al.

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent an increasing but often overlooked challenge for European health systems owing to international mobility, migration, travel, and climate-related changes in disease ecology. Although effective treatments exist for most NTDs and many are included in the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines, their availability in decentralised high-income health systems remains poorly characterised. This study assessed the availability, accessibility, and territorial variability of essential medicines for NTDs across the autonomous communities of Spain and identified the main barriers to equitable access. A nationwide, cross-sectional study was conducted across the 17 autonomous communities of Spain. Data were collected between January and December 2025 through a structured survey of Hospital Pharmacy Services in centres with expertise in tropical medicine and infectious diseases and were complemented by expert clinical validation. Medicines were classified according to commercial status, access pathways, dispensing circuits, and regional availability. Descriptive analyses summarised inter-regional variability from a health systems and policy perspective. Data were obtained for 63 medicines and vaccines, generating 1134 records from all 17 autonomous communities. Twenty-two medicines were commercially available in Spain, whereas 39 required exceptional access mechanisms. Routine stock availability across all centres was reported in only 31.1% of valid records, while 52.8% reported no routine stock and 16.1% restricted availability to reference centres. Joint management by prescribing physicians and hospital pharmacy services was required in 72.1% of access procedures. Marked territorial variability was also observed in dispensing circuits and financing mechanisms, with 47.9% of valid records requiring full out-of-pocket payment and 47.1% involving co-payment. Access to essential medicines for NTDs in Spain remains structurally fragmented and territorially unequal. Strengthening coordinated national pharmaceutical policies is necessary to reduce reliance on exceptional access mechanisms and ensure equitable, timely, and sustainable access to essential medicines in Spain and other decentralised European health systems.

PMID 42760540
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PubMedActa psychologica2026-09-18

Acute tai chi practice and emotional stimulus processing in adults with and without tai chi experience: An ERP study.

Li Zhenhao Z, Vartanov Alexander Valentinovich AV, Liu Haibin H, Zhang Shuohang S et al.

Tai Chi combines coordinated movement, breathing regulation, and sustained attention. It remains unclear whether prior Tai Chi experience is associated with different immediate neural responses to picture stimuli after a shared practice session. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while 39 healthy adults viewed high-arousal negative and neutral pictures from the Chinese Affective Picture System before and after a 30-min simplified Tai Chi session. Negative pictures were also the low-probability stimuli. Seventeen participants had at least 1 year of Tai Chi experience and 22 had no prior experience. The early posterior negativity (EPN), quantified as signed mean amplitude from 200 to 300 ms at P7, O1, P8, and O2, was the theory-guided primary outcome; N2, P300, and the late positive potential (LPP) were secondary outcomes. The EPN showed a Time × Picture Category × Group interaction, F(1, 37) = 4.512, p = .040, ηp2 = 0.109. The negative-minus-neutral EPN contrast (signed negative amplitude minus signed neutral amplitude) decreased in experienced participants and increased numerically in non-experienced participants. In the primary follow-up, the contrast-change score differed between groups, t(37) = -2.124, p = .040, d = -0.686, 95% CI [-1.33, -0.03]. Trial-matched resampling retained the direction of the group difference, but statistical significance was not stable. N2, P300, and LPP did not show the same group-related interaction. The EPN finding is preliminary and requires replication. It describes an association between prior Tai Chi experience and pre-to-post change in early picture-category differentiation within this specific CAPS task, not a general emotional-processing effect, a Tai Chi-specific effect, a reduction in negative emotion, or a therapeutic benefit.

PMID 42759256
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PubMedArchives of women's mental health2026-09-18

Embodied pathways of recovery: interoceptive change and the reduction of depressive symptoms following Tai Chi in women aged 40-55 years.

Suliman Muhammad M, Liu Xinyi X, Yu Feiping F, Zhao Di D et al.

Psychological distress in women is increasingly conceptualized as an embodied phenomenon, in which affective dysregulation is closely intertwined with altered interoception. Mind-body interventions, such as Tai Chi, may influence affective functioning through embodied regulatory processes, particularly interoception, which links bodily signaling with emotional experience. This study examined whether Tai Chi was associated with decreases in depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms among women aged 40-55 years with clinically diagnosed depression and explored interoceptive sensitivity (IS) as a potential embodied mechanism. A two-arm quasi-experimental study was conducted among 40 women aged 40-55 years with clinically diagnosed depression who participated in an 8-week Tai Chi intervention or a maintained lifestyle control condition. Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), anxiety symptoms (GAD-7), and IS (ISQ-20) were assessed at baseline and across five follow-up timepoints. Longitudinal group differences were analyzed using generalized estimating equations, and lagged mediation analyses examined whether earlier changes in IS were associated with subsequent changes in affective symptoms. Compared with controls, the Tai Chi group demonstrated progressive reductions in depressive symptoms from week 4 and earlier improvements in IS from week 2. Improvements in IS during the mid-to-late intervention stages were associated with subsequent reductions in depressive symptoms, accounting for 23.6% and 35.8% of the total intervention effect. Anxiety symptoms also reduced at later timepoints but were not associated with IS. Tai Chi was associated with reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms alongside progressive changes in interoception. These findings support an embodied perspective of psychological distress and suggest that changes in interoceptive functioning may represent one pathway associated with depressive symptom reduction.

PMID 42758226
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