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calcitonin (Fortical)

✓ Approved

Unigene · CALCR · Recombinant Proteins

What is calcitonin?

calcitonin is a recombinant proteins developed by Unigene. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesFortical
CompanyUnigene
Drug ClassRecombinant Proteins
Molecular TargetCALCR
RouteInhaled
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Unigene

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

calcitonin acts on 1 molecular target:

CALCRcalcitonin receptor (CT-R, CTR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

calcitonin is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteoporosis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedInternational medical case reports journal2026-11-11

Delayed Diagnosis of Bilateral Congenital Choanal Obstruction in a 4-Year-Old Girl: Transnasal Repair with Temporary Stenting and Short-Term Outcome: A Case Report.

Abdulle Zakarie Abdijamal ZA, Mohamud Mohamed Abdirahman MA, Alpha Muhindo Kavuyiro MK, Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim MI et al.

Choanal atresia is a rare congenital cause of nasal obstruction. Complete obstruction is termed atresia, whereas partial narrowing is more accurately described as choanal stenosis. We report a 4-year-old girl with lifelong bilateral nasal obstruction, persistent mouth breathing, snoring, poor sleep, easy tiredness, intermittent rhinorrhoea, breastfeeding difficulty during infancy, and recurrent respiratory tract infections. Clinical assessment showed absent right-sided and markedly reduced left-sided nasal airflow. Bedside testing demonstrated no right-sided cotton-wisp movement or misting and minimal movement and misting on the left; a size 8F suction catheter could not be advanced beyond 3.5 cm on the right and met posterior resistance on the left. Preoperative flexible nasal endoscopy was not obtained because financial constraints limited access to the procedure. Computed tomography demonstrated complete right-sided choanal atresia with incomplete left-sided congenital choanal stenosis. The child underwent transnasal repair under general anesthesia using direct visualization with a Killian nasal speculum and headlight, puncture and serial dilatation of the posterior choanal obstruction, and temporary bilateral stenting. The stents were removed after six weeks. During four weeks of follow-up after stent removal, the child had improved nasal breathing and clinically patent bilateral nasal airways. This case highlights delayed recognition of asymmetric bilateral congenital choanal obstruction and the practical diagnostic and operative adaptations required in a resource-limited setting. The outcome should be interpreted as favorable in the short term because objective postoperative endoscopic confirmation and long-term follow-up were not available.

PMID 43011482
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PubMedAnatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)2026-11-11

Paranasal recesses and rostral airspace volume covary with echolocation call frequency in emballonurid bats.

Curtis Abigail A AA, Simmons Nancy B NB, Smith Timothy D TD, Eiting Thomas P TP et al.

The mammalian rostrum has multiple functions including serving as the upper jaw, supporting olfactory sensory structures, conditioning inspired air, and-for some mammals-transmitting sound. Several groups of bats independently evolved bony inflations on the dorsolateral surfaces of their rostra. In rhinolophoid bats, rostral inflations are associated with nasal emission of echolocation calls, but their function in oral emitting bats (family Emballonuridae) is not well understood. Here, we combine μCT, diceCT, and histological methods to describe and quantify nasal fossa morphology of emballonurid bats in a comparative sample of 24 species overall, including 23 in the quantitative CT sample. Our goals are to (1) describe and quantify paranasal recess morphology, (2) explore scaling of paranasal recess size with body, skull, main nasal chamber, and turbinal size, (3) elucidate potential functions of rostral inflations in emballonurids, and (4) understand how nasal fossa morphology is related to presence of socially important glands and odor storing sacs in Emballonuridae. We report surprising diversity, clade-specific traits, and several novelties in paranasal recess size and location among emballonurids. The combined volume of the paranasal recesses and main nasal chamber was more strongly correlated with peak echolocation call frequency used during foraging than with skull size. Some emballonurid species possess a well-developed lateral nasal gland in the lateral recess. Other emballonurids have inflated, air-filled paranasal recesses lined with thin, avascular mucosa, similar to those of nasal emitters with rostral inflations. We also observed turbinal traits reminiscent of those in nasal emitting Rhinolophidae. Proportionally large paranasal recesses are associated with reduced size and turbinal elements in emballonurid bats, except possibly in species that exhibit complex mating displays using perfume storing sacs in their wing membranes. Together, our results suggest that paranasal recesses could play a role in modifying echolocation calls in Emballonuridae, as they are hypothesized to do in nasophonating bats. However, the potential acoustic function of paranasal recesses remains to be experimentally elucidated in bats.

PMID 43012130
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PubMedBrain communications2026-11-11

Functional aspects of cerebrospinal fluid drainage through the cribriform plate.

Shanbhag Nagesh C NC, Jukkola Jari J, Kritsilis Marios M, Bèchet Nicholas B NB et al.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis, yet the contribution of the nasal efflux pathway remains incompletely understood. Here, we combined dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, and anatomical studies across mice and pigs to characterize the dynamics, regulation, and conservation of nasal CSF drainage. We found that CSF rapidly exited the brain via the cribriform plate, especially during acute volume shifts, and that this route slowed down in aged mice when a small-molecular-weight tracer was used. By contrast, olfactory sensory neuron ablation and amyloid beta1-42 exposure impaired uptake of CSF into the nasal pathway. Notably, signal uptake in superficial cervical lymph nodes appeared distinct from meningeal lymphatic drainage, suggesting functional specialization. Our corroborating findings in pigs further solidify the nasal CSF efflux route as a dynamic, evolutionarily conserved, and potentially targetable pathway with relevance to neuroimmune interactions, aging, and neurodegeneration.

PMID 43011184
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PubMedCureus2026-11-11

Preservation and Management of the Superficial Nasal Musculoaponeurotic System to Enhance Infratip Contour: A Technical Report.

Burgos Alan A, Rivera Navarrete Ilein A IA

This technical report describes a surgical technique developed to manage the dead space between the osteocartilaginous framework and the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) during open rhinoplasty. The technique utilizes the superficial orbicularis oris nasalis (SOON) muscle to preserve the superficial layer of the nasal SMAS within the columella, with the aim of maintaining columellar volume and anatomy while minimizing dead space formation. During an open rhinoplasty approach, the SOON muscle is preserved through subperichondrial dissection to create a vascularized flap (SOON flap). The flap is subsequently repositioned and secured using the SOON Flap Stitch, a suture technique developed by the author (IARN) to restore the preserved tissue over the nasal tip framework. The technique was performed in 226 consecutive primary open rhinoplasty procedures, with postoperative follow-up ranging from eight months to three years. The senior author (AB) observed reduced dead space and columellar retraction, as well as improved infratip volume, definition, and double-break contour. The SOON Flap Stitch represents a simple and reproducible technique for preserving and repositioning the superficial nasal SMAS, promoting its redraping and integration over the underlying osteocartilaginous framework while enhancing columellar and infratip contour in open rhinoplasty.

PMID 43011592
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PubMedZhonghua er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery2026-11-11

[Investigation of the immunomodulatory effects of CCR3 gene knockout in bone marrow cells on allergic rhinitis in mice].

Wei M Y MY, Tang S Y SY, Jiang Y L YL, Zhang Z Q ZQ et al.

Objective: To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of myeloid-specific C-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) knockout in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: Myeloid-specific conditional CCR3 knockout mice were generated using the Cre/loxP system, and CCR3 protein expression in bone marrow was verified by Western blot (WB). Wild-type (WT) and knockout mice were randomly divided into a control group and an AR model group (sensitized with ovalbumin). Behavioral symptoms of the mice were observed; spleen and thymus indices were calculated. Histopathological changes in the nasal mucosa, lungs, spleen, and thymus were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The levels of ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E (OVA-sIgE) in peripheral blood (serum) and nasal lavage fluid (NLF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software. Results: WB analysis confirmed that CCR3 protein expression in the bone marrow of CCR3 knockout mice was significantly decreased compared to the WT control group. Compared with those in the WT AR model group, the numbers of nasal rubbing and sneezing in the CCR3-knockout AR model group were significantly reduced (P<0.01). Spleen and thymus indices were significantly higher in the CCR3 knockout group compared with those in the WT control group (P<0.001, P<0.05, respectively). Histopathological evaluation revealed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils, in the nasal mucosa and lung tissues was remarkably reduced in the CCR3 knockout AR model group, and the structural disorganization of the spleen and thymus was attenuated. Furthermore, ELISA results indicated that OVA-sIgE concentrations in both serum and NLF were significantly lower in the CCR3 knockout AR model group than in the WT AR model group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusions: Myeloid-specific CCR3 knockout can effectively alleviate allergic symptoms in AR mice. The underlying mechanisms are associated with the regulation of humoral and cellular immune responses, the reduction of OVA-sIgE levels, and the amelioration of immune organ dysfunction.

PMID 43010822
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PubMedEar, nose, & throat journal2026-11-11

Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Cyst: A Multimodality Imaging Clinic.

Li Jing J, Chen Wulong W, Pu Han H, Wang Yong Y

A female neonate with prenatally diagnosed congenital nasolacrimal duct cyst developed respiratory distress from nasal obstruction shortly after birth. Ultrasound, CT, and MRI showed a bilobed cyst comprising a dilated lacrimal sac and an intranasal component; endoscopic marsupialization restored a patent airway, with no recurrence at 3-month follow-up.

PMID 43010867
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