Drug Database
EQ

equine antithymocyte globulin (Thymogam)

✓ Approved

Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited · Polyclonal Antibodies · Polyclonal Antibodies

What is equine antithymocyte globulin?

equine antithymocyte globulin is a polyclonal antibodies developed by Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesThymogam
CompanyBharat Serums and Vaccines Limited
Drug ClassPolyclonal Antibodies, Antibody
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited

Therapeutic Indications

equine antithymocyte globulin is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Blood and lymphatic system disordersAplastic anaemia✓ Approved
Immune system disordersSolid organ transplant rejection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedWorld journal of urology2026-05-24

Equine-related injuries in rural Oklahoma: a 10-year experience emphasizing genitourinary trauma.

Charles James J, Shurkhay Vsevolod V, Huo Jianqiang J, Tamo Elvis E et al.

Equine-related injuries are a significant yet under-researched cause of trauma in rural areas, particularly in high-equine-density states like Oklahoma. This study describes patterns, severity, and outcomes of equine-related injuries over a 10-year period at a Level II trauma center, with emphasis on genitourinary (GU) trauma. This retrospective cohort study included all patients admitted with equine-related injuries from May 2015 to December 2025 (n = 259). Data were abstracted from the trauma registry, including demographics, injury mechanisms, anatomic locations (with GU injuries consolidated as kidney, ureter, bladder, penis, and scrotum), Injury Severity Score (ISS), length of stay (LOS), and mortality. Severe injuries were defined as ISS > 15. Only descriptive statistics are reported. The mean age was 48.0 years (SD 17.5); 56.0% were male. Mean ISS was 9.1 (SD 6.0), with 12.4% of cases classified as severe (ISS > 15). The most common mechanisms were falls from a horse (44.8%) and being struck by a horse (32.8%). Predominant injury locations included brain/craniofacial (35.5%), chest (28.2%), and spinal (25.1%). Genitourinary injuries occurred in 9.3% of all cases and were more frequent among patients with severe trauma. Kidney injuries specifically accounted for 3.1% overall. Median hospital LOS was 2.0 days (IQR 3.0) overall and longer among severe cases. In-hospital mortality was 1.5% (4 cases), all attributable to traumatic brain injury. In rural Oklahoma, equine-related trauma commonly involves head and torso injuries. Genitourinary injuries represent an under-recognized but clinically relevant subset, particularly in severe cases. These findings underscore the need for targeted prevention strategies in high-equine-density rural communities, including mandatory helmet use and education regarding risks of direct horse contact.

PMID 42177362
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PubMedFood chemistry2026-05-24

Study on the regulation of water-fat distribution, physical properties and gluten molecular conformation of frozen dough by amphiphilic Tremella polysaccharide - corn germ globulin gel.

Wang Hanmiao H, Yu Jiawei J, Zhang Yanrong Y, Zhang Shanshan S

This study investigated the effects of amphiphilic Tremella polysaccharide-corn germ globulin (TP-CG) on frozen dough during frozen storage. The results demonstrated that TP-CG improved the water and oil holding capacities of the dough, promoting the uniform distribution of water and fat. Additionally, TP-CG enhanced the viscoelasticity and tensile properties of the dough, thereby preserving gluten strength. At the molecular level, TP-CG stabilized disulfide bonds, promoted the ordered arrangement of gluten proteins, maintained the integrity of the gluten network structure, and strengthened intermolecular cross-linking. TP-CG also intensified interactions with gluten proteins, enhancing the stability of the ternary composite system and effectively inhibiting gluten protein degradation. Furthermore, TP-CG improved the fermentation performance of frozen dough, resulting in fluffier bread after baking. This study offers a novel strategy for the high-value utilization of edible fungi and corn resources, and provides new insights for the development of the frozen food industry.

PMID 42176486
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PubMedJournal of equine veterinary science2026-05-24

Near-Term Extrauterine Pregnancy Secondary To Uterine Rupture In A Mare.

Palmieri V V, Catone G G, Conte A A, Di Palma T T et al.

Uterine rupture is an uncommon but life-threatening complication of equine reproduction, typically associated with dystocia, uterine torsion, fetal manipulation, or hydrops. Tears may occur in either the uterine horns or body, although involvement of the ventral uterine body is rare. This case report describes an 11-year-old Arabian mare at 350 days of gestation that developed abdominal pregnancy secondary to uterine torsion and full-thickness ventral uterine rupture, resulting in fetal death and the free presence of the fetus within the peritoneal cavity. Surgical removal of the fetus and primary repair of the uterine tear via ventral midline laparotomy were successfully performed, with concurrent management of abdominal adhesions. This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and timely surgical intervention to prevent secondary colic and preserve future reproductive potential in mares affected by pre-partum uterine rupture.

PMID 42176910
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PubMedGynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology2026-05-24

Restoring ovulation in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: impact of polycystic ovarian morphology on hormonal response to pulsatile GnRH.

Boegl Magdalena M, Kasper Isabella I, Dewailly Didier D, Mayrhofer Daniel D et al.

Up to 50% of women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) exhibit polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) on ultrasound. We aimed to compare the hormonal response to ovulation induction with pulsatile GnRH therapy in FHA patients with and without PCOM. In this single-center observational study, 41 patients with FHA underwent 3 months of pulsatile GnRH therapy to induce ovulation. Patients were categorized into a PCOM group (n = 24) and a non-PCOM group (n = 17). Serum levels of Anti-Muellerian-hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, prolactin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were assessed at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. At baseline, median AMH levels were significantly higher in the PCOM group (6.21 ng/ml [IQR 4.03-8.87]) compared to the non-PCOM group (1.7 ng/ml [IQR 1.14-2.20]; p < 0.001). After 3 months of pulsatile GnRH therapy, AMH levels significantly increased in the non-PCOM group (1.94 [IQR 1.39-2.49], p < 0.001), whereas no significant change was observed in the PCOM group (p = 0.218). LH, FSH, and estradiol levels increased in both groups. Pulsatile GnRH therapy effectively induced ovulation (1 dominant follicle in each patient), irrespective of ovarian morphology. The significant AMH rise in women with FHA without PCOM likely reflects restored folliculogenesis. In contrast, the absence of an AMH rise in the PCOM group was expected, given their already elevated baseline levels. Importantly, these findings suggest that pulsatile GnRH therapy does not exacerbate AMH levels in most patients.

PMID 42176250
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PubMedEuropean urology focus2026-05-24

EAU Guidelines on Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Summary of the 2026 Recommendations for Measurement and Biochemical Confirmation of Hypogonadism.

Corona Giovanni G, Morgado Luís Afonso LA, Boeri Luca L, Capogrosso Paolo P et al.

Despite the consensus that diagnosis of male hypogonadism requires both biochemical and clinical criteria, important uncertainties remain regarding preanalytical conditions, assay selection, and the role of free testosterone (T) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) measurements. To address these issues, this study provides a summary of the European Association of Urology Guidelines on Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) recommendations for the measurement of total T and biochemical diagnosis of male hypogonadism. For the 2026 guidelines on SRH, new and relevant evidence was identified, collated, and appraised via a structured assessment of the literature. Database searches included MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Recommendations within the guidelines were developed by the panel to prioritize clinically important care decisions. The strength of each recommendation was determined according to a balance between the desirable and undesirable consequences of alternative management strategies, the quality of the evidence (including the certainty of estimates), and the nature and variability of patient values and preferences. Key recommendations emphasize the importance of measuring total T in a fasting state and in the morning (7:00-10:00 AM). Immunoassays remain clinically acceptable for total T measurement when liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is unavailable. A T level of ≤12 nmol/l continues to be the recommended threshold for diagnosing symptomatic male hypogonadism in clinical practice. Emerging evidence supports broader use of SHBG to prevent misdiagnosis of male hypogonadism. Calculated free T, derived from total T, SHBG, and albumin levels, should be considered in conditions known to affect circulating SHBG levels. Accurate biochemical confirmation of male hypogonadism requires standardized sampling procedures and validated assays. Total T remains the cornerstone of diagnosis; however, SHBG and calculated free T are essential in men with altered binding protein levels. Recent data, although based on limited evidence, support the use of calculated free T even in healthy individuals and not just in patients with conditions associated with potential alterations in SHBG levels. This paper explains how testosterone (T) should be measured to diagnose low T (male hypogonadism). Testing should be done in the morning and after fasting. In some cases, additional measurements such as SHBG and calculated free T may help improve diagnostic accuracy, although current evidence supporting their use is limited.

PMID 42177105
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PubMedVeterinary anaesthesia and analgesia2026-05-23

Preoperative risk assessment in horses: agreement and predictive value of CHARIOT (Combined Horse Anaesthetic Risk Identification and Optimisation Tool).

Beldeanu Sabina S, Hopster Klaus K, Diez Bernal Sabina S, Stefanovski Darko D et al.

To assess interobserver agreement and predictive value of the Combined Horse Anaesthetic Risk Identification and Optimisation Tool (CHARIOT) compared with the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) classification system among five groups of evaluators with different levels of expertise, and to explore the association between risk scores and 7-day postoperative mortality. Prospective, observational, single-centre pilot study. A group of 50 client-owned horses. Each horse was assessed (ASA-PS and CHARIOT) before general anaesthesia by one evaluator from each of five groups: equine rotating intern, resident of the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia (ECVAA), anaesthetist expert (ECVAA Diplomate/residency-trained), equine resident [European College of Veterinary Surgeons (ECVS) or European College of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM)] and European Board of Veterinary Specialisation (EBVS) Specialist (ECVS or ECEIM Diplomate). Mixed-effects Poisson regression analysed adjusted mean scores by evaluator type and scoring system, with pairwise comparisons to identify significant differences. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis assessed associations between scores and 7-day postoperative mortality. Adjusted mean scores (95% confidence interval) for ASA-PS and CHARIOT: anaesthesia experts 2 (1.8-2.2), 13.9 (13.4-14.3); anaesthesia residents 1.9 (1.7-2.2), 13.6 (13.1-14.1); interns 1.9 (1.7-2.1), 13.2 (12.8-13.7); equine residents 1.9 (1.7-2.1), 13.2 (12.8-13.6) and EBVS Specialists 1.8 (1.6-2), 12.7 (12.3-13.1). Pairwise differences existed between ECVAA evaluators (resident and experts) and every other group (p < 0.05). Higher scores for CHARIOT and ASA-PS were associated with increased odds of 7-day postoperative mortality (p < 0.001). Anaesthesia experts assigned higher risk scores with both scales. Higher scores on both scales were associated with increased mortality risk. Multicentre studies are warranted to confirm CHARIOT's predictive performance and to refine its clinical application.

PMID 42173061
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