Drug Database
EQ

equine antithymocyte globulin (Thymogam)

✓ Approved

Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited · Polyclonal Antibodies · Polyclonal Antibodies

What is equine antithymocyte globulin?

equine antithymocyte globulin is a polyclonal antibodies developed by Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesThymogam
CompanyBharat Serums and Vaccines Limited
Drug ClassPolyclonal Antibodies, Antibody
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited

Therapeutic Indications

equine antithymocyte globulin is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Blood and lymphatic system disordersAplastic anaemia✓ Approved
Immune system disordersSolid organ transplant rejection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc2026-11-11

Standardized reference sera: advancing harmonization of equine viral arteritis serologic testing across national reference laboratories in the European Union.

Froger Delphine D, Lecouturier Fanny F, Madeline Anthony A, Beck Cécile C et al.

Equine viral arteritis is a contagious disease affecting equids, caused by equine arteritis virus (EAV). Accurate serologic testing is essential for surveillance, breeding management, and international trade. The virus neutralization test (VNT), prescribed by the World Organisation for Animal Health, remains the gold standard, but variability in quantitative results between laboratories limits harmonization. We aimed to produce and validate standardized EAV-positive reference sera to improve VNT consistency across European Union national reference laboratories, and to assess their impact on interlaboratory proficiency testing (IL-PT). Three sera from a vaccinated pony and one from a naturally infected horse were produced and evaluated for reproducibility, homogeneity, and stability. These sera were first distributed during an IL-PT campaign in 2013 to allow participants to characterize them and define expected titers and acceptance ranges. Once established, the sera were reused in subsequent IL-PT campaigns (2016, 2020, 2024) as positive controls. All reference sera had strong reproducibility, homogeneity, and stability. Their use was associated with an improvement in interlaboratory performance, with results within expected ranges increasing from 51.1% in 2013 to 81.7% in 2024. These standardized sera offer a robust tool for harmonizing EAV VNTs, improving test reliability, and supporting surveillance and trade.

PMID 43012371
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PubMedFrontiers in veterinary science2026-11-11

Fungal DNA in pooled equine uterine samples: an exploratory ITS2 amplicon sequencing pilot study.

Pelenė Urtė U, Nainienė Rasa R, Šveistienė Rūta R, Merkelytė Inga I et al.

Fungal DNA in the equine uterus remains poorly characterized, particularly in mares without overt clinical uterine disease. This exploratory pooled pilot study used ITS2 amplicon sequencing to describe fungal DNA profiles in pooled uterine samples and to perform descriptive comparisons by subsequent pregnancy outcome and sampling method. Conventional microbiological culture findings were summarized as clinical context. samples were collected during naturally occurring estrus and, in mares that were subsequently mated, before the first mating of the studied estrous cycle. Low-volume uterine lavage (LVL) samples from 12 naturally mated Trakehner mares were pooled by outcome into a pregnant-LVL pool (1FR; n = 5) and a non-pregnant-LVL pool (2NFR; n = 7). The paired sampling-method comparison comprised a paired LVL pool (3LVL) and a paired SWAB pool (4SWAB), each constructed from samples collected from the same five mares. After bioinformatic processing, 82,862-130,870 reads and 27-111 final unique amplicon sequence variants were retained per pooled library. ITS2-target quantitative PCR detected 1,107-1,728 target copies/μL of pooled DNA extract. Neither the extraction blank nor the library-preparation blank crossed the qPCR detection threshold within 40 cycles; however, both yielded sequencing reads, and sequence-resolved control analysis could not exclude low-level laboratory or sequencing-related contamination. A targeted sensitivity analysis excluding the sequence feature shared by the library-preparation blank and two biological libraries did not materially alter the descriptive taxonomic composition, diversity, or ordination patterns. Ascomycota predominated across the pooled libraries (50.7-72.5%), followed by Basidiomycota (8.1-24.1%). The pregnant-LVL library had the lowest pool-level Shannon diversity value and occupied an ordination position that differed from the other libraries primarily along the first principal coordinate. The paired LVL and swab libraries also differed descriptively in taxonomic composition and ordination position. No fungal growth was reported in the available routine culture reports. These observations demonstrate the presence of diverse fungal DNA signals but do not establish viable uterine colonization, fungal infection, an association with subsequent pregnancy outcome, or equivalence between sampling methods. Confirmation requires sequencing of individual mares, comprehensive field and laboratory controls, standardized mycological culture, and integration with cytological, histopathological, and reproductive data.

PMID 43011051
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PubMedMedicine2026-11-11

Efficacy and influencing factors of rituximab in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A real-world retrospective study.

Xu Xiaofei X, Zhou Qiwei Q, Li Subo S, Zhang Xiaoru X et al.

This study aims to investigate the efficacy and influencing factors of rituximab (RTX) in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). A total of 46 patients with IMN visited and followed up regularly in our hospital were included in this study. The patients were divided into 2 groups, with 23 patients receiving RTX treatment (RTX group) and 23 patients receiving treatment with cyclophosphamide (CTX group). The clinical data of the patients, including urine examination, blood test, efficacy evaluation results, and adverse events (AEs) were analyzed retrospectively. The changes in clinical and biochemical indicators were compared in RTX groups before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy and influencing factors of RTX treatment for IMN were evaluated. After 6 months of treatment, in the RTX group, compared to baseline, there was a significant decrease in 24-hour urine protein, total cholesterol, and B lymphocyte count (P < .001, P = .010, P < .001), while albumin (ALB), globulin, and natural killer cells showed a significant increase compared to baseline (P < .001, P < .001, P < .001). After 6 months of treatment, the RTX group showed significantly higher glomerular filtration rate, higher levels of ALB, and higher levels of globulin compared to the CTX group, with statistical significance (P = .042, P = .003, P < .001). Among patients with positive anti-PLA2R antibodies at baseline, the antibody clearance rate at 6 months was significantly higher in the RTX group than in the CTX group (P = .035). By the end of follow-up, the overall remission rates were 91.3% for the RTX group and 87.0% for the CTX group, with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P > .99). A univariate analysis of the correlation between clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, and the efficacy of RTX treatment found that lower baseline 24-hour urine protein levels appeared to be associated with a higher likelihood of achieving remission (P = .035). AEs were observed in 17.4% of RTX-treated patients versus 52.2% of CTX-treated patients (P = .030). RTX appeared to be effective in patients with IMN and was associated with a more favorable safety profile compared with CTX.

PMID 43012768
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PubMedZhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology2026-11-11

[Research on screening, validation and risk prediction of key biomarkers for prostate cancer].

Han Yu Y, Xu Wenbo W, Wang Chao C, Sun Pengfei P

Objective A non-invasive risk prediction tool based on the localized DeepSeek large model will be proposed in this article, aiming to address the high invasiveness and data privacy issues of traditional prostate cancer screening methods. Methods Utilizing the 2 652 cases of prostate cancer dataset from the National Population Health Science Data Repository, key indicators were screened through LASSO regression and Logistic regression. And training and validation were conducted using the locally deployed DeepSeek large model. Results Nine indicators such as apolipoprotein B, fPSA, inorganic phosphorus, tPSA, and β -globulin were independent risk factors for prostate cancer. The prediction accuracy rates of the DeepSeek model in the prostate cancer group, the hyperplasia group, and the cancer with hyperplasia group were 79% (95%CI： 75.1%－82.4%), 84.1% (95%CI： 80.5%－87.2%), and 84.5% (95%CI： 81.2% －87.3%), respectively. The AUC of the ROC curve of the model was 0.869, demonstrating a high discriminatory ability. Conclusion DeepSeek can precisely distinguish prostate cancer from hyperplasia through biochemical indicators, reducing unnecessary puncture biopsies. The localized closed-loop application of DeepSeek provides efficient, privacy-protected and secure screening solutions for primary medical institutions. In the future, it is necessary to combine multimodal data to optimize the generalization ability of the model and promote the development of individualized diagnosis and treatment.

PMID 43012194
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PubMedVeterinary microbiology2026-11-10

PLEKHG5 promotes equine herpesvirus type 1 replication and is associated with changes in cellular autophagy.

Yu Tingting T, Ge Lijuan L, Lv Shubing S, Duan Zhuofan Z et al.

Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is an important equine pathogen that causes respiratory disease, abortion, and neurological disorders, posing a significant threat to the equine industry worldwide. Cellular autophagy plays important roles in viral infection; however, the involvement of PLEKHG5 in EHV-1 infection and its relationship with autophagy remain poorly understood. In this study, baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21) cells and Syrian golden hamsters were used to investigate the role of PLEKHG5 in EHV-1 infection. The results showed that PLEKHG5 expression positively correlated with EHV-1 replication. PLEKHG5 overexpression promoted viral genome replication, titers, and protein expression, whereas PLEKHG5 knockdown significantly inhibited viral replication. Changes in PLEKHG5 expression were accompanied by alterations in the autophagy-related markers LC3 and p62 and in autophagy-related structures. Confocal microscopy revealed spatial overlap of PLEKHG5 with p62, mRFP-LC3, and LAMP1, suggesting an association with autophagy- and lysosome-related compartments. In vivo experiments demonstrated that PLEKHG5 knockdown reduced viral loads in multiple tissues and alleviated inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Collectively, these findings suggest that PLEKHG5 promotes EHV-1 replication and is associated with changes in autophagy-related processes, providing new insights into host-virus interactions.

PMID 43008580
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PubMedArthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation2026-11-10

Arthroscopic Bone Xenograft Augmentation for Glenoid Bone Deficiency and Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability Improves Functional Outcomes Despite Graft Nonunion.

Russo Raffaele R, Fedele Alfonso A, Rossi Valentina V, Russo Francesca F et al.

To analyze the healing of equine-derived xenograft bone blocks with the native glenoid using computed tomography (CT) and to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients undergoing arthroscopic bone block stabilization with xenograft, Bankart repair, and upper-third subscapularis tenodesis for recurrent anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss. Patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability and glenoid bone loss between 12.5% and 25% who underwent arthroscopic equine-derived xenograft bone block augmentation combined with Bankart repair and upper-third subscapularis tenodesis between 2019 and 2023 were identified. Minimum clinical and radiological follow-up was 24 months. Xenograft healing was evaluated on serial CT scans, and clinical outcomes were assessed using Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, Rowe, quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, and visual analog scale scores. A total of 76 patients (72 men, 4 women) met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed, with a mean clinical follow-up of 50.7 months (range, 24-75 months). Radiological follow-up on CT averaged 46.1 months (range, 24-72 months). All patients underwent CT imaging according to the study protocol. Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index improved from 1335.7 ± 136.8 to 134.6 ± 138.2 (P < .001), with 100% of patients exceeding the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) threshold; Rowe scores increased from 35.3 ± 12.2 to 90.8 ± 11.0 (P < .001), with 100% surpassing the MCID; mean quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand improved from 42.6 ± 21.2 to 4.0 ± 4.7 (P < .001), with 86.8% exceeding the MCID; and visual analog scale decreased from 1.3 ± 1.1 to 0.5 ± 1.1 (P < .001), with 72.4% of patients reaching the MCID. Recurrence occurred in 4 patients (5.3%) because of high-energy trauma, and 2 patients presented Samilson-Prieto grade III osteoarthritis. Despite no radiographic graft-glenoid fusion being observed in any patient (0/76), graft morphology and volume were maintained without signs of resorption throughout follow-up. Despite the lack of radiographic union, most patients treated with arthroscopic bone xenograft plus Bankart repair and upper-third subscapularis tenodesis showed functional improvements surpassing the MCID threshold at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Level IV, retrospective therapeutic case series.

PMID 43005367
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