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ciprofloxacin (Aceoto / Cetraxal / Cetraxal Otico)

✓ Approved

Laboratorios SALVAT · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is ciprofloxacin?

ciprofloxacin is a small molecule developed by Laboratorios SALVAT. It is approved for therapeutic indications via others.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAceoto, Cetraxal, Cetraxal Otico
CompanyLaboratorios SALVAT
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOthers
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Laboratorios SALVAT

Therapeutic Indications

ciprofloxacin is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsOtitis externa✓ Approved
Ear and labyrinth disordersExternal ear inflammation✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedBioresource technology2026-07-25

Performance recovery and antibiotic resistance gene risk mitigation in wastewater anaerobic digestion under long-term Ciprofloxacin stress via zero-valent iron-biochar.

Zeng Mingxiao M, Yao Bing B, Chen Ying Y, Liu Chao C et al.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) imposes persistent stress on upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, leading to suppressed methanogenic activity and heightened antibiotic resistance risks. Although zero-valent iron-biochar has been reported to effectively alleviate CIP stress, its effectiveness in restoring performance and maintaining stable operation under long-term CIP exposure remains poorly understood. In this study, the recovery effects of straw biochar (SBC), nanoscale ZVI-SBC (nZVI-SBC), and microscale ZVI-SBC were systematically evaluated in UASB reactors subjected to long-term CIP stress. The results demonstrate that only nZVI-SBC effectively restored system performance, increasing CH4 production by 38.7%. Mechanistically, nZVI-SBC promoted the enrichment of electroactive bacteria and key methanogenesis-related functional genes. Concurrently, nZVI-SBC achieved efficient CIP removal (89.7%) and reduced the predicted toxicity of transformation intermediates. Furthermore, nZVI-SBC suppressed fluoroquinolone antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and high-risk subtypes by inhibiting horizontal gene transfer-related pathways. Overall, these findings establish nZVI-SBC as an effective strategy for recovering UASB performance while simultaneously mitigating ARGs dissemination under long-term CIP stress.

PMID 42498020
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PubMedJournal of environmental sciences (China)2026-07-25

Cu2S-modified iron sludge with high activity and stability for ciprofloxacin removal in a Fenton-like system.

Liang Lan L, Chang Xianglin X, Cheng Xiaoshuang X, Yan Beibei B et al.

Pyrolysis-derived Fenton-like catalysts show promise for the resourceful utilization of iron sludge. However, catalysts prepared directly from iron sludge often exhibit limited performance due to an inefficient Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycle. In this work, a solvothermal Cu2S-modified iron-sludge-based catalyst/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) system was developed for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. Specifically, FC-160-3, synthesized with a Cu2S to iron sludge-derived carbon mass ratio of 3:10 and subjected to a hydrothermal temperature of 160 °C, demonstrated the best activation performance. The FC-160-3/H2O2 system removed 98.1 % of CIP within 90 min, with a rate constant of 0.0455 min-1, outperforming the unmodified iron-sludge-based catalyst/H2O2 (0.0007 min-1) and Cu2S/H2O2 system (0.0152 min-1). Meanwhile, FC-160-3 exhibited low metal ion leaching and excellent stability. Additionally, Cu2S modification induced structural distortion and carbon skeleton disruption in the iron-sludge-based catalyst, which increased the surface abundance of C=O, pyrrolic-N, graphitic-N, and oxygen vacancies (OV). The synergistic interaction between Cu2S and iron sludge enhanced a shift in the oxidation pathway from a radical-dominated mechanism to a non-radical mechanism. Besides, Short-chain intermediates were generated with lower molecular weight and reduced toxicity during the catalytic process. The research provides a scientific approach for developing iron sludge-based catalysts for wastewater treatment.

PMID 42498361
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PubMedIDCases2026-07-25

A case report of acute kidney injury due to the use of rifampicin in Brucella induced spondylodiscitis.

Bakar Lena L, Yağcı Çağlayık Dilek D

Brucellosis is the most frequently encountered zoonotic disease in regions like Turkey. Osteoarticular involvement is the most common complication, and standard treatment involves doxycycline and rifampicin. Rifampicin is generally well tolerated; however, hepatotoxicity is a known side effect, and acute kidney injury (AKI) has rarely been reported in the literature. We present a 79-year-old male with Brucella spondylodiscitis who developed progressive AKI (creatinine rising from 0.99 to 2.14 mg/dL) following 14 days of rifampicin therapy. Renal function fully recovered after rifampicin discontinuation and supportive hydration over three months. Clinicians should monitor renal function closely during rifampicin therapy and consider drug-induced AKI early, doxycycline was discontinued prior to any renal deterioration, and ciprofloxacin was continued throughout recovery, strongly implicating rifampicin as the causative agent.

PMID 42500331
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PubMedCureus2026-07-25

Malignant External Otitis Complicated by Severe Allergic Reaction to Antibiotic Therapy.

Fejza Jetmira J

Malignant external otitis (MEO), also known as necrotizing otitis externa, is an aggressive infection of the external auditory canal and skull base, typically affecting elderly diabetic or immunocompromised patients. We present a case of an 88-year-old non-diabetic woman diagnosed with MEO whose management was complicated by a severe allergic reaction to systemic antibiotic therapy. The patient initially presented with severe otalgia and purulent otorrhea of the right ear, unresponsive to conventional treatment. Otoscopic examination revealed granulation tissue at the osseocartilaginous junction of the external auditory canal. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed temporal bone osteomyelitis consistent with MEO. During hospitalization, the patient developed a severe generalized allergic dermatitis requiring discontinuation of all antibiotics and temporary transfer to the dermatology department. Following stabilization, treatment was resumed with intravenous ciprofloxacin and vancomycin, resulting in progressive clinical improvement and complete recovery after prolonged outpatient therapy. This case highlights the importance of individualized therapeutic strategies in MEO, particularly in elderly patients with atypical presentations and treatment-limiting complications.

PMID 42500780
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PubMedJournal of environmental sciences (China)2026-07-25

Occurrence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella species with resistance genes in recreational surface waters in southern Illinois.

Owusu Ansah Richard R, Dimpor Jimmy Jackson JJ, Watts Samuel S, Kusi Joseph J

The increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment poses a significant threat to public health. In the United States, AMR Salmonella species are associated with over 200,000 human infections annually. Salmonella spp. are frequently detected in aquatic environments, raising concerns about AMR in natural recreational waters. This study investigated the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. in Horseshoe Lake and Richland Creek in southern Illinois, USA. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 47 Salmonella isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer and broth microdilution assays. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were screened for resistance genes, and species identity was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Salmonella isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (70 %), azithromycin (57 %), tetracycline (34 %), gentamicin (9 %), ciprofloxacin (6 %), and nalidixic acid (6 %). Ten isolates were MDR, all exceeding the ampicillin resistance breakpoint, with seven surpassing the tetracycline threshold. Integron or plasmid-borne resistance genes (blaTEM, AmpC, and sul2) were detected in 100 %, 70 %, and 10 % of the MDR strains, respectively. Additional resistance determinants (qnrB, qnrA, and qnrS) were detected in 70 %, 40 %, and 20 % of the MDR strains, respectively. All 10 MDR strains were identified as Salmonella spp.; seven Salmonella enterica and three Salmonella bongori. Multiple antibiotic resistance indices were highest at Richland Creek near urban areas and a wastewater treatment plant, reflecting land use influence on AMR. These findings highlight the need for integrated AMR control under a One Health approach to protect global health.

PMID 42498348
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PubMedVeterinary medicine and science2026-07-25

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated From Table Eggs in Rupandehi, Nepal.

Pokhrel Maadhabi M, Adhikari Akash A, Adhikari Sujan S, Bhatta Priyanka P et al.

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a leading cause of foodborne illness globally, with poultry eggs serving as a primary vehicle for human infection. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella, particularly to critically important antibiotics, compounds this public health threat. This cross-sectional study, conducted in the Rupandehi district of Nepal, aimed to assess Salmonella prevalence in table eggs and characterize the AMR profiles of recovered isolates. A total of 150 eggs were collected from layer farms (n = 45), retail shops (n = 60) and restaurants (n = 45). Salmonella was isolated using standard culture-based methods, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined via the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The overall prevalence of Salmonella was 10.0% (95% CI: 5.6%-16.2%). A statistically significant contamination gradient was observed across the supply chain, with prevalence increasing from 2.2% at farms to 15.0% at retail shops and 11.1% at restaurants (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified retail shops as a significant risk factor for contamination compared to farms (OR = 7.6). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 17 isolates revealed alarmingly high resistance rates to ciprofloxacin (88.2%), tetracycline (76.5%) and ampicillin (70.6%). Furthermore, 58.8% of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). These findings reveal systemic failures in post-farmgate hygiene and underscore the urgent need for integrated One Health interventions, including enhanced surveillance, improved food handling practices and stringent antimicrobial stewardship in the poultry sector to mitigate this pressing public health risk.

PMID 42499292
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