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diltiazem (Cardizem QD / Dilzem XL / Angiact)

✓ Approved

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation · CACNA1C · Small Molecule

What is diltiazem?

diltiazem is a small molecule developed by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesCardizem QD, Dilzem XL, Angiact
CompanyMitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetCACNA1C
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

diltiazem acts on 1 molecular target:

CACNA1Ccalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNL1A1, CACNA1C-IT2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

diltiazem is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersAngina pectoris✓ Approved
Vascular disordersHypertension✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of diabetes investigation2026-07-25

Comparison between liraglutide and dulaglutide on the incidence or progression of eye and kidney complications.

Katamine Aki A, Oya Junko J, Kondo Yuichiro Y, Hasegawa Yukiko Y et al.

To evaluate and compare the risk of diabetic retinopathy and kidney disease between once-daily liraglutide and once-weekly dulaglutide in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A total of 331 participants newly initiated on once-daily liraglutide 0.9 mg or once-weekly dulaglutide 0.75 mg between 2015 and 2020 were included in this study. We used propensity score-based inverse probability of treatment weighting to adjust for baseline characteristics between the two groups. The participants were divided into three cohorts according to retinopathy, albuminuria, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The primary outcomes were the incidence or progression of diabetic retinopathy or kidney disease (albuminuria or reduced estimated GFR (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). The incidence rate and risk of outcomes were compared between the two groups using Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazard models. Over a mean follow-up of 4.4 and 3.6 years in the liraglutide and dulaglutide groups, respectively, there were no differences between the two groups in terms of the risk of incidence of retinopathy and reduced GFR (hazard ratio (HR): 0.98 [0.60-1.60] and 0.82 [0.36-1.84]). Dulaglutide showed a lower incidence or progression rate but similar risk of albuminuria compared to liraglutide (54.7 vs 25.8 per 1,000 person-years (P = 0.04), HR: 0.51 [0.25-1.05]). Our study showed that once-daily liraglutide and once-weekly dulaglutide have similar risks for retinopathy, albuminuria, and reduced GFR.

PMID 42499272
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PubMedNature microbiology2026-07-25

Antiviral GHP-88310 blocks contact-mediated and airborne transmission in a ferret model of measles-like disease.

Lieber Carolin M CM, Wolf Josef D JD, Ruckel Claire E CE, Harrison Lauren A LA et al.

The 2025/2026 measles resurgence in North America highlighted that antivirals may be valuable in protecting child health because of mounting vaccination hesitancy. The drug candidate GHP-88310 is an orally efficacious broad-spectrum orthoparamyxovirus polymerase inhibitor, but its effect on viral transmission is unclear. Here we used canine distemper virus, which causes measles-like disease in ferrets, and established direct-contact and airborne canine distemper virus transmission models to examine pharmacological suppression of virus spread. Prophylactic GHP-88310 administration alleviated clinical signs of direct contacts and all sentinels survived. Pre- and post-exposure prophylactic GHP-88310 given twice daily to air contacts prevented transmission. Once-daily prophylactic administration mediated complete survival with all air contacts undergoing seroconversion. Therapeutic treatment of air contacts mitigated clinical signs, and animals survived, whereas all vehicle-treated air contacts succumbed. Therapeutic treatment of infected source animals shortened the contagious phase by 5 days. These results establish conceptual proof that GHP-88310 can suppress social contact transmission. Therapeutic treatment of sources promises epidemiological gain in addition to therapeutic benefit.

PMID 42498819
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PubMedFrontiers in neurology2026-07-25

Shallow Acupuncture for brainstem infarction: a randomized controlled trial protocol.

Zuo Hongge H, Huang Yan Y, Huang Weikang W, Lin Jiahui J et al.

Brainstem infarction is a clinically important subtype of posterior circulation infarction and is often associated with disability and poor functional recovery. Disease-specific therapeutic strategies remain limited, and rehabilitation-oriented evidence specifically targeting functional recovery in this population remains insufficient. Acupuncture has been studied and applied as an adjunctive approach for stroke rehabilitation in multiple regions; however, high-quality evidence for its use in brainstem infarction remains scarce. This trial primarily aims to evaluate whether adjunctive Shallow Acupuncture improves activities of daily living in patients with brainstem infarction; as an exploratory objective, it will examine associated neural changes assessed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). This is a single-center, randomized, assessor- and statistician-blinded, pragmatic add-on controlled trial. A total of 62 patients with brainstem infarction will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to a conventional acupuncture group or an adjunctive Shallow Acupuncture group. In keeping with routine inpatient practice in the acupuncture department, both groups will receive standard medical management, routine rehabilitation, and conventional acupuncture, while the adjunctive Shallow Acupuncture group will additionally receive Shallow Acupuncture once daily for 14 consecutive days. The primary clinical outcome will be activities of daily living, assessed by the Barthel Index. Secondary clinical outcomes will include the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the modified Rankin Scale. Exploratory indicators will include measures derived from rs-fMRI and DTI. rs-fMRI analyses will focus primarily on resting-state functional connectivity, whereas DTI analyses will focus primarily on fractional anisotropy; mean diffusivity will be examined as an exploratory diffusion metric. Clinical outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 1-month follow-up, and neuroimaging assessments will be performed at baseline and post-treatment. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (approval numbers: YE2024-202-01 and YE2024-203-01). The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and academic conferences. https://itmctr.ccebtcm.org.cn/zh/index.html. Identifier, ITMCTR2024000456.

PMID 42500390
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PubMedLeukemia2026-07-25

Five-year follow-up of OPTIC: long-term efficacy, safety, and mutation analyses of ponatinib in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia from a randomized phase 2 trial.

Kantarjian Hagop H, Deininger Michael M, Apperley Jane F JF, Arthur Christopher Kevin CK et al.

The primary analysis of the phase 2 OPTIC trial (NCT02467270) demonstrated optimal benefit:risk with response-based ponatinib dosing (45 mg once daily (QD) reduced to 15 mg QD) upon achieving ≤1% BCR::ABL1IS in patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant or T315I-positive chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML). Here, we report 5-year long-term outcomes. Overall, 283 patients were randomized to 45-mg, 30-mg, or 15-mg QD starting doses (n = 94, 95, and 94, respectively), with dose reduction to 15 mg QD upon response in the 45-mg and 30-mg cohorts. At data cutoff, 61 patients remained on trial. Median follow-up time was 75-78 months. By 5 years, 60%, 41%, and 40% of patients in the 45-mg, 30-mg, and 15-mg cohorts, respectively, achieved ≤1% BCR::ABL1IS. Five-year progression-free survival rates were 63%, 57%, and 60%, respectively, by cohort; overall survival rates exceeded 80%. In patients with a T315I mutation, 5-year rates of ≤1% BCR::ABL1IS, PFS, and OS were highest in the 45-mg cohort. Exposure-adjusted rates of adjudicated arterial occlusive events were 4.1, 3.8, and 2.0 patients per 100 patient-years, respectively, by cohort; results were comparable in T315I-positive patients. These findings support long-term clinical benefit of response-based ponatinib dosing in third-line CP-CML, especially in patients with the T315I mutation.

PMID 42498834
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PubMedAnnals of epidemiology2026-07-25

Socioeconomic Mobility and the Prevalence and Incidence of Difficulties in Daily Living in US Hispanic/Latino Adults.

Ma Wenyan W, Filigrana Paola P, Kaplan Robert C RC, Kim Ryung S RS et al.

The objective of the study is to examine the prevalence and incidence of difficulties in daily living and examine their relationship with socioeconomic mobility, defined as transitions across different levels of socioeconomic position (SEP) across the life course, in a diverse group of US Hispanics/Latinos. We analyzed data from Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) collected at Visit 2 (2014-2017, N = 11,446) and Visit 3 (2020-2024, N = 5,568). Childhood and adulthood SEP indices were combined into four socioeconomic mobility categories: enduring adversity, downward mobility, upward mobility, and enduring advantage. Difficulties in daily living were categorized into four domains (sensory, cognition, mobility, independent living) with overall difficulties defined as having any difficulty. Compared to those in the enduring advantage group, those in the enduring adversity group (OR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.40-2.18) and the downward mobility group (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.07-1.84) were associated with greater odds of overall difficulties in daily living. Prospectively, those in the downward mobility group were associated with a higher rate of incident difficulties over 6 years (IRR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.11) compared to those in the enduring advantage group. Socioeconomic mobility is related to difficulties in daily living in US Hispanics/Latinos cross-sectionally and prospectively.

PMID 42498144
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PubMedAmerican journal of perinatology2026-07-25

Patient-Reported Burdens of Undergoing Antenatal Fetal Surveillance.

Perez Marta M, Alvarez Miriam M, Lasater Sarah S, Ogbonnah Chinenye C et al.

Antenatal fetal surveillance (AFS) is recommended to prevent stillbirth in high-risk pregnancies. Data assessing the patient experience of these regimens are lacking. We aimed to describe the patient-reported burdens of attending AFS and analyze associations between visit frequency, over time, and with pregnancy and demographic characteristics. This is a cross-sectional survey of patients attending AFS. The survey was available in English and Spanish and could be taken serially. Patients answered demographic questions and rated their agreement regarding how attending AFS burdened their life in multiple domains on a 7-point Likert scale. Responses between once- and twice-weekly testing groups were compared. To examine characteristics contributing to high burden, demographic and patient-level factors were compared using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Participant score of burden between their first and last completion were assessed. Patient and provider indications were compared. There were 189 respondents (156 with one completion, 33 with serial completions). Most respondents had children and did not work outside the home; 149 (78.8%) attended once weekly. Almost half of all respondents reported experiencing burden. Twice-weekly patients were significantly more likely than once-weekly patients to report that AFS interfered with work (p = 0.02), was too expensive (p < 0.01), required cost cutting (p < 0.02), and missed AFS visits (p = 0.03). Compared with the "no burden" group, the burdened group were older (32.4 vs. 28.6 years, p < 0.01), more likely to attend twice weekly testing (31.7 vs. 15.4%, p < 0.01), and to report diabetes (24.4 vs. 9.6%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in burdens over time in those with multiple completions. Patients underreported obesity as an indication for AFS. This is the first documented report showing that burdens are commonly reported by patients undergoing AFS. More patient-centered work is needed exploring these findings so that AFS may minimize harm and maximize benefit. · When patients in a maternal-fetal medicine antenatal testing unit were surveyed regarding burdens in domains related to employment, finances, and childcare, 14 to 42% of patients reported some degree of burden in at least one domain.. · Burdens were increased for patients who were prescribed twice-weekly compared with once-weekly schedules. The patients who reported burdens were more likely to be older and have gestational diabetes.. · These novel findings of patient-experienced burdens should prompt providers to use shared decision-making when developing AFS regimens..

PMID 42498303
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