Drug Database
CO

cocaine hydrochloride (Numbrino)

✓ Approved

Lannett · SCN5A · Small Molecule

What is cocaine hydrochloride?

cocaine hydrochloride is a small molecule developed by Lannett. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesNumbrino
CompanyLannett
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetSCN5A
RouteTopical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Lannett

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

cocaine hydrochloride acts on 1 molecular target:

SCN5Asodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 (CMD1E, SSS1)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

cocaine hydrochloride is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Nervous system disordersAnaesthesia✓ Approved
Nervous system disordersSensory loss✓ Approved

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PubMedInternational journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics2026-09-19

A decade of decline and regional disparity: Trends and associated factors in use of ritodrine hydrochloride for threatened preterm labor in Japan, a nationwide ecological study.

Yorozu Kazuma K, Hinotsu Shiro S, Matsuura Motoki M, Someya Masayuki M et al.

Ritodrine hydrochloride is a commonly used tocolytic agent for threatened preterm labor in Japan, despite its serious adverse events and limited use in many other countries. National obstetric guidelines have shifted toward restricting its use, but the evidence-practice gap remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine usage trends for ritodrine at nationwide and prefectural levels and identify factors associated with usage. We conducted an ecological study linking nationwide aggregated medical claims data and statistical survey records across all 47 prefectures. We investigated 10-year trends in ritodrine use from fiscal year (FY) 2014 to 2023. Choropleth maps and spatial statistics illustrated geographic relationships among neighboring prefectures. We also conducted a cross-sectional study to identify factors associated with ritodrine injection use. The usage rate of ritodrine injection per 1000 deliveries decreased by more than 45% over 10 years. Joinpoint regression analysis identified FY2017 as a turning point, after which the decline accelerated. However, prefectural usage varied up to 13.58-fold, with spatial clustering of high-use regions. Factors associated with injection usage included the density of Perinatal Medical Centers (PMCs), hospital admissions for threatened preterm labor and preterm birth per 1000 deliveries, and the proportion of hospitals among delivery facilities. This study showed that nationwide use of ritodrine injection decreased by half over a decade, along with regional disparities among prefectures in Japan. These variations might reflect localized treatment policies influenced by differences in healthcare resources and geographical accessibility.

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PubMedJournal of analytical toxicology2026-09-18

Impact of buccal cell content and swab retention on tetrahydrocannabinol and cocaine concentrations in oral fluid.

Saint-Marcoux F F, Campos Lapa N N, Dulaurent S S, Griffeuille P P et al.

While oral fluid (OF) is increasingly used in forensic and roadside toxicology, measured drug concentrations remain highly dependent on pre-analytical conditions. This study investigated the impact of buccal-cell content and sample fractionation on concentrations of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BZE), and ecgonine methyl ester (EME). Oral-fluid specimens were collected using FLOQSwabs®. Following elution, sonication, and vortex mixing, various fractions (homogenate, pellet and expressed swab) were analyzed via LC-MS/MS. For THC (n = 102), median buccal epithelial cell counts and THC concentrations were significantly higher in the cell-rich pellet than in the homogenate (p < 0.001), with median enrichment ratios of 4.40 and 3.93, respectively. The association between cellular and THC enrichment was strong to very strong (r = 0.77 to 0.88) for concentrations above 5ng/mL. Notably, 4 specimens were below the limit of detection in the homogenate but detectable in the pellet. In contrast, cocaine and its metabolites showed comparable concentrations between the homogenate and pellet, though the expressed swab fraction consistently yielded the highest levels. In 52 specimens, median expressed swab-to-homogenate ratios were 1.16 for cocaine, 1.28 for BZE, and 1.14 for EME. These findings demonstrate that pre-analytical effects are analyte-dependent: buccal cells act as a reservoir for THC, whereas cocaine-related analytes are primarily affected by incomplete release from the swab. These results identify analyte-dependent pre-analytical sources of variability that may affect oral-fluid concentration measurements obtained with this collection device.

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PubMedPsychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology2026-09-18

The Therapeutic Effect of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride in Conjunction with Sensory Integration Training in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Zhang Shuxin S, Li Lin L

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent childhood disorder with existing treatment challenges, and research on the combined therapy of methylphenidate hydrochloride and sensory integration training for it is inconclusive. Thus, this study explored the clinical efficacy of this combined treatment in children with ADHD, finding it significantly improved relevant scores and reduced adverse reactions, suggesting its potential for wider use. From June 2022 to June 2023, a research sample of 102 individuals diagnosed with ADHD was recruited and allocated into 2 groups at an observation group (n=52) and a control group (n=50). Exclusively methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets were given to the control group as treatment, whereas the observation group underwent combined therapy with methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets and sensory integration training. The assessment and comparison of sensory integration and praxis tests, full-scale response control quotient, full-scale attention quotient, Conners' behavior rating scale, and adverse reactions during the treatment period were conducted prior to and following 2 treatment cycles in both the observation and control groups. Prior to treatment, there were no remarkable variations (P > .05) in the scores of sensory integration and praxis tests, Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT) scores, and behavior rating scale between the 2 groups. Following the treatment, the observation group exhibited notably superior scores in the sensory integration and praxis test, IVA-CPT, and behavior rating scale, with a notably reduced occurrence of complications, in comparison to the control group (P < .05). To summarize, the utilization of methylphenidate hydrochloride alongside sensory integration training has demonstrated promising effectiveness in treating children diagnosed with ADHD and deserves broader implementation.

PMID 42757238
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PubMedACG case reports journal2026-09-18

Mediastinal Pancreatic Pseudocyst With Esophageal Compression Presenting as Acute Chest Pain.

Saha Bibek B, Kothadia Savan S, Losclazo Kirsten K, Dwyer Holland Sarah S et al.

Acute pancreatitis is a major cause of inpatient morbidity and mortality. Pancreatitis can be complicated by the formation of pseudocysts, which develop after 4 weeks in the peripancreatic space. Most pseudocysts resolve spontaneously but indications for drainage include superimposed infection or organ compression. We present a rare case of a young male cocaine user who presented with acute chest pain found to have esophageal compression from a large mediastinal pseudocyst. The etiology of the chest pain was misdiagnosed on multiple occasions and attributed to a cardiopulmonary or musculoskeletal source, or esophagitis. He underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided cystogastrostomy with symptom resolution.

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PubMedFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2026-09-18

The effects of abused drugs on ferroptosis pathways: potential therapeutic targets for substance use disorders.

Bouchard Tamara T, Russell Brooke B, Guo Liam Liyang LL, Nguyen Tina T et al.

Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain major public health concerns worldwide, particularly in developed countries. SUDs are characterized by persistent neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction in the brain. Despite decades of extensive investigation, the detailed mechanisms underlying SUDs remain elusive. Ferroptosis is a highly regulated cell death process deeply affected by iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and antioxidant systems. It has been implicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and ischemic stroke. Recently, emerging evidence has highlighted the role of ferroptosis in drug-induced pathological changes. Various types of abused substances including alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine (METH) nicotine, cannabis, and opioids have been shown to disrupt ferroptosis-relevant pathways, leading to microglial activation and neuronal injury. Inhibition of ferroptosis could mitigate these pathological changes in preclinical models. Here, we summarize current evidence demonstrating the effects of abused drugs on ferroptosis pathways. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential role of ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of SUDs. Targeting ferroptosis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for alleviating drug-induced neurological damage and improving recovery outcomes such as cognitive and memory deficiency in individuals with addiction.

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PubMedEnvironmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)2026-09-18

Stability-Oriented Chemical-Biological Integration Prioritizes Antimicrobials Linked to Resistome Variation in Landfill Leachates across China.

Cui Han-Lin HL, Li Yi-Hao YH, Shi Ke K, Ren Yi-Jun YJ et al.

Landfill leachate contains complex mixtures of antimicrobials and other stressors, making it difficult to identify chemical signals consistently associated with environmental resistomes. We integrated targeted antimicrobial measurements with metagenomic antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles from landfill leachates collected in 17 Chinese cities across 12 provinces. Among 52 detected antimicrobials, 37 had risk quotients (RQs) > 0.1, 25 exceeded 1, and 12 exceeded 10 in at least one site; 296 ARG subtypes were detected. Pairwise and matrix-level analyses showed fragmented antimicrobial-ARG relationships. Using Shannon diversity as a resistome-level endpoint, a stability-oriented multivariable analysis prioritized clinafloxacin, clindamycin hydrochloride, and sulfathiazole. Their bootstrap recurrence frequencies were 0.752, 0.389, and 0.226, respectively, with the same stability hierarchy supported by alternative selection and site-omission analyses; clinafloxacin was also least sensitive to measured antimicrobial covariance. Covariate-adjusted higher-versus-lower exposure contrasts were -0.467, +0.250, and +0.089 Shannon units, respectively, with sulfathiazole showing greater context dependence. Integrating chemical exposure with resistome responses thus complements conventional occurrence- and RQ-based screening by adding a biological-response layer for prioritizing reproducible antimicrobial signals within complex environmental mixtures.

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