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prednisolone farnesil (Farnezone / Farnesone / Farnerate)

✓ Approved

SK · NR3C1 · Small Molecule

What is prednisolone farnesil?

prednisolone farnesil is a small molecule developed by SK. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesFarnezone, Farnesone, Farnerate
CompanySK
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetNR3C1
RouteTopical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, SK

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

prednisolone farnesil acts on 1 molecular target:

NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

prednisolone farnesil is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersRheumatoid arthritis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedClinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology2026-07-25

A Comparative Study of Nintedanib versus Conventional Drugs in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Intestinal Fibrosis.

Wan Meng M, Zhang Lin L, Li Xianghui X, Yang Mi M

Intestinal fibrosis is a severe complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with limited effective therapeutic interventions. Nintedanib, a multi-target kinase inhibitor, exerts well-characterized antifibrotic activity in pulmonary fibrosis and may serve as a candidate agent for IBD-related intestinal fibrosis. To compare the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic efficacy of nintedanib with prednisolone and sulfasalazine in a DSS-induced mouse intestinal fibrosis model. Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated to four DSS-treated intervention groups (12 mice per group: Group A prednisolone, Group B sulfasalazine, Group C nintedanib, Group D normal saline), plus a normal untreated control Group E (n=7). Intestinal fibrosis was induced via four cycles of intermittent 2% DSS drinking water. On Day 26 prior to drug administration, five mice from each group were randomly euthanized for baseline detection to verify successful model establishment. The remaining mice received 14 consecutive days of intragastric treatment. Measured endpoints included body weight recovery, disease activity index (DAI), colon morphological parameters, serum TGF-β and TNF-α levels, and collagen deposition quantified via Masson's trichrome staining. Group C achieved slightly higher body weight recovery (19.6±1.4%) than Group A (18.7±0.2%) and Group B (19.4±1.5%), while Group D only recovered 3.4±0.9% (P<0.001). Nintedanib treatment significantly improved colon length and reduced colon weight compared with the two conventional drugs, though colon length in Group C was still markedly shorter than that of normal mice. Serum TGF-β and TNF-α were reduced more substantially in Group C; however, cytokine concentrations remained 2-3 times higher than baseline values of healthy animals and failed to return to normal levels. Masson staining revealed that collagen deposition in Group C decreased by roughly 10% relative to Groups A and B (25±3.2% vs 35±4.2%, 34±3.8%). Currently, there is no unified gold-standard threshold for evaluating antifibrotic efficacy in preclinical intestinal fibrosis models, and relevant quantitative criteria vary widely across published studies. In this DSS-induced colitis model, nintedanib produced modest anti-inflammatory and collagen-reducing effects compared with prednisolone and sulfasalazine used in this study. These preclinical preliminary results warrant further research to evaluate nintedanib as a potential therapeutic candidate for fibrostenotic Crohn's disease.

PMID 42498025
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PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-07-25

Analysis of adverse event reports associated with complementary health products in Singapore from 2017 to 2023.

Quek Yi-Ling YL, Zeng Yun Y, Ge Xiaowei X, Low Min-Yong MY et al.

The use of complementary health products (CHPs), including Chinese Proprietary Medicines (CPMs), health supplements, traditional medicines and homeopathic medicines, has become increasingly prevalent in Singapore's multicultural society. While these products are widely used for maintaining health and treating minor ailments and are generally safe, potential adverse effects have been reported. This study analyzes adverse event reports related to CHPs submitted to Singapore Health Sciences Authority (HSA) from 2017 to 2023. AE reports involving CHPs assessed by the Vigilance and Compliance Branch (VCB) of HSA from 2017 to 2023 were collated and analyzed. The analysis included patient demographics, AE details, suspected product information, medical history, laboratory results, concomitant therapies, and reporter's profession. Of the 182,131 AE reports associated with pharmaceutical products and CHPs, 727 reports (0.4%) were associated with CHPs. Health supplements accounted for the highest number of reports (68% of total). "Skin and appendages disorders" were the most commonly reported system organ class, with glucosamine-containing products accounting for the highest number of adverse events. Patients primarily used CHPs for pain relief (33.1%), general health and wellbeing (20.6%), and weight management (8.8%). Products found to contain undeclared illegal substances were most frequently indicated for pain relief. The three most common adulterants were dexamethasone, chlorpheniramine, and prednisolone. While CHPs are generally safe, adulterated products, especially those from dubious sources, pose real health risks. Healthcare professionals and consumers should remain vigilant about potential adulteration and report suspected CHPs related AEs. Even when causality remains unclear, reporting supports timely regulatory actions when concerning patterns emerge. This study examined 727 adverse event reports associated with CHPs between 2017 and 2023, accounting for 0.4% of all reported adverse events. Health supplements were the most frequently reported category, with glucosamine-containing products accounting for the highest number of adverse events, predominantly affecting the skin. Products found to contain undeclared illegal substances were most frequently indicated for pain relief, with dexamethasone, chlorpheniramine, and prednisolone being the most common adulterants found. These findings highlight the need for continued vigilance in the monitoring of CHPs to safeguard public health.

PMID 42500535
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PubMedVeterinary medicine and science2026-07-25

Presumptive Postoperative Nontraumatic Adrenal Haemorrhage After Orthopaedic Surgery in a Dog.

Kim Byung-Jun BJ, Cho Hyoung-Sun HS, Song Kun-Ho KH

Nontraumatic adrenal haemorrhage (NTAH) is rarely reported in dogs and may be associated with clinically important adrenal dysfunction when both adrenal glands are affected. Surgery has been recognised as a potential precipitating stressor in humans, but postoperative NTAH has been rarely described in veterinary medicine. A 7-year-old, 2.8-kg spayed female Chihuahua developed abrupt decompensation on postoperative day 1 after bilateral distal femoral osteotomy, characterised by hypothermia, hypotension, and recurrent hypoglycaemia. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included anaemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminaemia, increased C-reactive protein concentration, and increased D-dimer concentration. Abdominal ultrasonography identified bilateral adrenal enlargement with hypoechoic parenchyma and marked periadrenal hyperechogenicity, supporting a presumptive diagnosis of postoperative NTAH. Prednisolone and supportive care resulted in rapid clinical stabilisation. Basal cortisol, initially within the reference interval, subsequently declined below the assay detection limit (<1.0 µg/dL), accompanied by a decrease in the sodium-to-potassium ratio. Serial ultrasonography documented progressive reductions in adrenal thickness, with the left adrenal thickness decreasing below commonly cited ultrasonographic cutoffs used to support hypoadrenocorticism. Cortisol and electrolyte indices normalised after discontinuation of glucocorticoids. This case highlights presumptive postoperative NTAH as an important differential diagnosis in dogs with abrupt postoperative decompensation and supports the value of serial ultrasonography combined with endocrine and electrolyte monitoring.

PMID 42499308
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PubMedInflammatory intestinal diseases2026-07-25

Exploratory Risk Patterns of Steroid Dependency in Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicenter Pilot Study Combining Logistic Regression and Self-Organizing Map Analysis.

Miyatani Yusuke Y, Takayama Tetsuro T, Okabayashi Shinji S, Endo Toshiyuki T et al.

Systemic corticosteroids remain widely used in ulcerative colitis (UC), yet approximately half of the initial responders relapse during tapering or soon after discontinuation (steroid dependency). Understanding patients at risk of steroid dependency may inform individualized treatment strategies. Here, we explore factors associated with steroid dependency using conventional regression analysis and an exploratory artificial neural network approach. Consecutive patients with UC who received their first course of systemic corticosteroids from May 2012 to March 2020 were retrospectively screened, and those who responded to corticosteroids at day 30 were enrolled from four institutions. Factors associated with steroid dependency were assessed by multivariable logistic regression and a self-organizing map (SOM), an unsupervised neural network. Steroid dependency was defined as clinical relapse during tapering or within 3 months after completion of corticosteroids. A total of 107 patients who showed a clinical response at day 30 were analyzed. Thirty-three (30.8%) patients developed steroid dependency. In the multivariable logistic analysis, extensive colitis, initial dose of prednisolone, and two-item patient-reported outcome score at day 30 were independently associated with steroid dependency. In the SOM analysis, patients were categorized into 8 clusters with variable rates of steroid dependency, indicating heterogeneous multidimensional clinical patterns beyond those captured by conventional regression analysis. By combining an unsupervised SOM with conventional logistic regression, our study provided an exploratory visualization of multidimensional clinical patterns associated with steroid dependency. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require prospective validation with a larger sample size before clinical application.

PMID 42500323
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PubMedBMJ case reports2026-07-24

Hypoglycaemia in a non-diabetic patient due to alpha-lipoic acid-induced insulin autoimmune syndrome with HLA-DRB1*04:03:01G.

Salman Mohd M, Ashraf Hamid H, Alam Ahmad A

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS), also known as Hirata syndrome, is a rare cause of endogenous hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia characterised by markedly elevated circulating insulin levels and the presence of insulin autoantibodies in individuals without prior exposure to exogenous insulin. IAS is increasingly recognised worldwide, particularly in association with sulfhydryl-containing medications such as alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). We report the case of a woman in her 70s with no history of diabetes who presented with recurrent episodes of palpitations, tremors, sweating and hunger. A random plasma glucose of 2.6 mmol/L was documented during symptoms, with resolution following oral carbohydrate intake and intravenous dextrose administration, fulfilling Whipple's triad. One week before symptom onset, she had been prescribed a multivitamin preparation containing ALA for low back pain. During supervised evaluation, she developed symptomatic hypoglycaemia with a plasma glucose of 2.4 mmol/L. Critical sample analysis revealed markedly elevated insulin 13 890 pmol/L, elevated plasma C-peptide 3.2 nmol/L, suppressed beta-hydroxybutyrate <0.2 mmol/L and strongly positive anti-insulin antibodies >300 U/L, consistent with endogenous hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia due to IAS. High-resolution HLA typing demonstrated homozygosity for the HLA-DRB1*04:03:01G allele. The patient was treated with dietary modification and oral prednisolone, resulting in rapid clinical improvement. Six weeks later, the hypoglycaemic symptoms recurred following inadvertent re-exposure to ALA and resolved after discontinuation of the medication, supporting a causal relationship. This case highlights ALA-induced IAS as an important but often overlooked cause of spontaneous hypoglycaemia. Given the widespread over-the-counter availability of ALA-containing supplements, careful medication history and awareness of this condition are essential to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary investigations.

PMID 42493219
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PubMedReports (MDPI)2026-07-24

Heerfordt Syndrome Complicated by Bilateral Simultaneous Facial Palsy, PTH-Independent Hypercalcemia, and Bilateral Obstructive Acute Kidney Injury in the Absence of Thoracic Disease: A Case Report and Narrative Review.

Amer Khaled Abdulwahab KA, Al Shuqayfah Nawaf Ibrahim NI, Alhakamy Mohammad Abdallah MA, Alasiri Abdullah Jaber AJ

Background and Clinical Significance: Heerfordt syndrome (uveoparotid fever) is an uncommon extrapulmonary expression of sarcoidosis defined by parotid enlargement, uveitis, low-grade fever, and facial nerve palsy. It is identified in fewer than 1% of patients with biopsy-confirmed sarcoidosis, and the co-occurrence of bilateral seventh-nerve palsy with calcitriol-driven obstructive kidney injury has been reported only sporadically. Recognizing this metabolic-renal phenotype is clinically important because it is readily reversible yet easily missed when the chest radiograph is normal. Case Presentation: A 30-year-old man presented with four months of progressive bilateral parotid swelling, sicca symptoms, and intermittent blurred vision, preceded by a self-limited episode of bilateral simultaneous peripheral facial weakness; renal colic developed one month before admission. Evaluation showed parathyroid-hormone-independent hypercalcemia (peak corrected calcium 13.1 mg/dL), a serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level above 100 U/L, and acute kidney injury (creatinine 2.1 mg/dL) caused by bilateral upper-ureteric calculi with hydronephrosis. Posterior uveitis was confirmed ophthalmologically. Chest radiography and high-resolution thoracic computed tomography were unremarkable, with no hilar lymphadenopathy. Parotid gland biopsy demonstrated non-caseating epithelioid granulomas. Bilateral ureteric stenting and oral prednisolone 40 mg daily produced rapid normalization of serum calcium, recovery of renal function, and regression of parotid enlargement. Conclusions: This report characterizes a phenotype that combines bilateral simultaneous facial-nerve involvement, calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia, and obstructive nephrolithiasis without coexistent pulmonary disease. It argues for early consideration of sarcoidosis whenever hypercalcemia, parotid enlargement, and cranial neuropathy occur together, and reinforces the reversibility of sarcoidosis-related renal injury when corticosteroids are introduced promptly.

PMID 42496522
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