tuberculosis vaccine

Strategies implemented to increase HPV vaccine uptake and confidence among men who have sex with men and transgender people: A systematic review.

Avermark Helena H, Tzirita Sofia S, Radix Erik E, Sun Sunjuri S et al.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender persons are disproportionately affected by HPV-related disease. The HPV vaccine effectively prevents infection, but vaccine uptake remains suboptimal in this group. Thus, this systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature on interventions and strategies implemented to increase HPV vaccine confidence and uptake among MSM and transgender persons. Six databases were searched in May 2025. We assessed risk of bias and extracted and descriptively summarized key data through narrative synthesis and content analysis. Sixteen articles reporting on eight interventions were identified, all implemented in high-income settings. The interventions can be broadly categorized into two types: strategies to integrate HPV vaccination into existing health services and digital interventions aimed at generating vaccine demand. Overall, evidence remains limited on interventions to increase HPV vaccine uptake in these groups, particularly studies focusing on the needs of transgender persons.

Contriving multiepitope vaccine for breast cancer by targeting the estrogen receptor using in-silico method.

Shah Fahad Hassan FH, Cho Jung Sig JS, Na Jae Uk JU, Chung Hyung-Joo HJ et al.

Breast cancer is an invasive cancer that arises either in ductal epithelial cells or lobules of the glandular tissues of the breast. The main culprit behind this misery in most cases is Estrogen receptor which allows binding of estrogen protein that helps in the proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of breast cells. The present study designed multi-epitope B-cell stimulating vaccine by using estrogen receptor alpha as a template for epitope prediction. The predicted epitopes were checked for antigenicity, and toxicity using Vaxijen, Aller-Pred and Toxin-Pred. The final vaccine construct was used for the physicochemical prediction, In-silico immunosimulation, structure modeling and energy and structural refinement procedures followed by molecular docking with toll-like receptors and molecular dynamics. The obtained sequence of multi-epitope vaccine construct had adequate physiochemical and immunological properties. The structure constructed from the vaccine sequence had an appropriate secondary and 3-dimensional structure. The predicted 3D structure of the vaccine construct showed favorable interactions with toll-like receptors 1, 2, and 4, suggesting its potential to stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Our study proposes a promising vaccine candidate for breast cancer caused by the activity of estrogen receptor that can stimulate both innate and adaptive immune response to prevent the proliferation and progression.

Post-marketing safety surveillance of Haemophilus influenzae Type b conjugate vaccine in children aged 3 months to 5 years in Jiangsu, China.

Zhou Yuxuan Y, Tang Rong R, Wei Mingwei M, Peng Xinglu X et al.

This study evaluates the post-marketing safety profile of a Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine in children aged 3 months to 5 y in China. A prospective, observational, multi-center, post-marketing safety surveillance study of a monovalent Hib conjugate vaccine manufactured by Chengdu Olymvax Biotechnology Inc. was conducted across 20 districts in Jiangsu Province, China, from June 2020 to December 2021. The study enrolled 2,714 children in the active surveillance group and 6,347 children in the passive surveillance group. For active surveillance, guardians recorded all adverse events occurring within 30 d after each vaccine dose in diary cards, regardless of suspected causality. Serious adverse events were captured through spontaneous guardian reports or through regular investigator follow-up from the first dose through 6 months after completion of the primary Hib conjugate vaccine series. During passive surveillance, suspected adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of the Olymvax Hib vaccine were registered and reported through China National Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) Surveillance System. Active surveillance revealed an overall adverse event incidence of 6.7% (181/2,714), with 6.3% (170/2,714) classified as adverse reactions, predominantly mild to moderate in severity (Grade 1-2: 6.0%; Grade 3: 0.3%). Passive surveillance identified a substantially lower adverse reaction incidence of 0.33% (21/6,347), with pyrexia (0.25%) being the most frequent. The AEFI incidence rate in passive surveillance was significantly lower than in active surveillance (P < .001). No vaccine-related serious adverse reactions were reported in either surveillance system. This post-marketing surveillance study confirms that the Hib conjugate vaccine demonstrates a favorable safety profile in children aged 3 months to 5 y, with no safety-associated risks identified.

A rifamycin-free regimen for shortened tuberculosis treatment.

Deng Guofang G, Fu Liang L