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colistimethate sodium (ColiFin / ColiFinair)

✓ Approved

EnBiotix · therapeutic agent

What is colistimethate sodium?

colistimethate sodium is a therapeutic agent developed by EnBiotix. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesColiFin, ColiFinair
CompanyEnBiotix
RouteInhaled
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, EnBiotix

Therapeutic Indications

colistimethate sodium is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsPneumonia pseudomonal✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedNature communications2026-11-11

The sodium channel SCN2A regulates cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurogenesis.

Uy Jarryll A JA, Dargaei Zahra Z, Geahchan Sarah S, Botler Laura L et al.

Voltage-gated sodium channels regulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in the postnatal and adult brain. The gene SCN2A, encoding the sodium channel Nav1.2, regulates synaptic development and variants in SCN2A are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and a broad spectrum of epilepsy phenotypes, including early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. The expression pattern of SCN2A begins during prenatal cortical development, prior to the onset of synaptic transmission, but it is unknown whether SCN2A regulates early cortical development through mechanisms independent of synaptic transmission. Here we reveal that isogenic and ASD patient-derived human forebrain organoids modelling a loss of SCN2A function display impaired excitatory and inhibitory neurogenesis, leading to a developmental imbalance. Unexpectedly, we find precocious generation of cortical inhibitory neurons is driven by elevated Sonic hedgehog signaling and is reversible through pharmacological inhibition. Functionally, these developmental phenotypes arise due to Nav1.2-dependent sodium channel dysfunction and reduced action potential generation, leading to abnormal neuronal network activity. Our results identify a mechanism for cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurogenesis involving SCN2A, and reveal that early neurogenesis deficits precede postnatal neural circuit dysfunction in SCN2A-associated disorders.

PMID 43009472
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PubMedFrontiers in chemistry2026-11-11

Performance evaluation of sodium-ion batteries for microgrid and off-grid energy storage applications.

Hu Xingyu X

Sodium-ion batteries are increasingly considered for stationary energy storage; however, their application-level performance depends on how experimentally measured electrochemical behavior translates into realistic grid-connected and standalone operating conditions. This study evaluated 24 5.0-Ah sodium-ion pouch cells through baseline electrochemical characterization, identification of a second-order Thevenin electrochemical-thermal model, annual system simulation, and application-specific aging tests. Discharge behavior was characterized at rates of 0.20-2.00 C and temperatures of 10-40 °C. Pulse and impedance measurements were used to parameterize the model across 10%-90% state of charge. The calibrated model was scaled to a 504-kWh grid-connected microgrid and a 120.96-kWh standalone off-grid system, both simulated over 365 days at 15-min resolution. Increasing discharge rate reduced usable capacity and energy efficiency, whereas Coulombic efficiency remained above approximately 99%. The model reproduced measured voltage responses with millivolt-scale prediction errors and captured state-of-charge- and temperature-dependent resistance trends. The grid-connected microgrid achieved 91.6% round-trip efficiency, an 18.7-kW tracking root-mean-square error, and 4.3% renewable curtailment. The standalone system achieved 89.8% round-trip efficiency, a 1.6% annual loss-of-power-supply probability, and 6.4% curtailment. After 500 equivalent full cycles, capacity state of health was 85.2%, 81.9%, and 79.8% under reference, microgrid, and off-grid cycling, respectively, with corresponding resistance growth of 39%, 58%, and 74%. These findings demonstrate that application-specific duty cycles materially influence the efficiency, reliability, and degradation of sodium-ion battery storage systems. Integrating experimentally calibrated electrochemical-thermal models with application-level simulations provides a practical basis for evaluating battery performance under realistic stationary energy-storage conditions.

PMID 43011270
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PubMedChemSusChem2026-11-11

Aqueous Guar Gum Binder Enables Regulated Surface Structure Evolution and Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of NFPP/Activated Carbon Composite Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Cai Benzhen B, Huang Linran L, Shao Haitao H, Li Lunjie L et al.

Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) (NFPP) has emerged as a promising low-cost, structurally stable cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. However, the intrinsically low electronic conductivity of NFPP limits NFPP/activated carbon (NFPP/AC) composite performance. Considering that polymer binders control electrode microstructures and sodium-ion reaction kinetics, the authors incorporated an aqueous guar gum (GG) binder into an NFPP/AC cathode and benchmarked it against polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) systems. The GG-based electrode slurry demonstrates superior rheological properties that facilitate electrolyte infiltration, promote uniform particle dispersion and improve electrode structural integrity. This effect is primarily ascribed to the hydroxyl-rich structure of GG, which establishes hydrogen-bond-mediated multipoint interfacial interactions between NFPP and AC particles, enhancing particle dispersion, slurry structural recovery and interparticle contact. GG also promotes a uniform, dense, inorganic-rich cathode-electrode interface, minimizing charge-transfer resistance and activation energy (61.1 kJ·mol-1). Consequently, the GG-based electrode maintains a high Na+ diffusion coefficient during cycling, retaining 73.8 mAh·g-1 at 5C and showing negligible capacity fading after 400 cycles at 1C. Overall, GG constructs a continuous interfacial binding network between NFPP and AC, regulating interfacial chemistry, structural integrity and Na+ transport pathways.

PMID 43010639
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PubMedJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)2026-11-11

Augmented Beverage Hydration Index Methodology for Comparing Beverage Efficacy.

Yamaguchi Ayu A, Martin Isobel A IA, Fisher Kat K, Kenney W Larry WL

The Beverage Hydration Index (BHI) is a standardized, reproducible measure of short-term beverage hydration efficacy under euhydrated, resting conditions. Since its introduction by Maughan et al. in 2016, the BHI has been validated across populations and extended by our laboratory to include older adults and multiple beverage types. Specifically, the collection of serial venous samples allows for the addition of simple, but useful, physiological calculations. Here we describe methodological enhancements to the BHI protocol: the addition of change in plasma volume (ΔPV), free water clearance (CH2O), renal osmolar clearance (Cosmol), and renal sodium clearance (CNa⁺). These measures extend the traditional BHI methodology by elucidating vascular, renal, and sodium-handling mechanisms underlying fluid retention differences among beverages. We also describe an extended 4-hour collection period protocol adapted for older adults. A case study in healthy young adults using three commercially available beverages is provided to illustrate the utility of the augmented BHI protocol. Collectively, this refined protocol provides a practical, mechanistically informative framework for assessing beverage hydration efficacy under free-living conditions across diverse populations.

PMID 43010670
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PubMedBMC plant biology2026-11-11

Complementary protective effects of autophagy and antioxidative activity on salt tolerance in Suaeda salsa seedlings.

Deng Lina L, Feng Yanya Y, Cheng Hai H, Liu Changqing C et al.

Soil salinity is a major concern for agricultural productivity worldwide. The halophyte Suaeda salsa can survive in saline environments, and the timely removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by plants is critical for enhancing salt tolerance. However, the mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in S. salsa remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationships among autophagy, antioxidant enzyme activity, and ROS accumulation in S. salsa under salt stress. The root/shoot ratio of S. salsa desreased as salt concentration increased, whereas dry weight and polysaccharide content remained relatively high under saline conditions. Under 200 mM sodium chloride treatment, S. salsa exhibited the strongest superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities, along with the lowest H2O2 content. Transmission electron microscopy revealed basal autophagy under 200 mM sodium chlorid. Superoxide dismutase activity remained high under salt stress, while the activities of catalase and peroxidase were highest in the salt-free control. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression profiles of key genes were broadly consistent with changes in enzyme activity and autophagy. Correlation analysis further indicated that both antioxidant enzyme activity and autophagy were associated with free radical scavenging. Superoxide anion radical scavenging ability was negatively correlated with Atg8, Pod, and Cat; hydroxyl radical scavenging ability was positively correlated with Sod, and H2O2 content was positively correlated with Cwm. Our findings suggest that autophagy and antioxidative enzymes act in a coorrdinated protective network during S. salsa adaptation to salt stress, providing a theoretical foundation for future work on regulating salt tolerance.

PMID 43009794
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PubMedRSC advances2026-11-11

Synthesis of Keggin-Al13-modified bentonite materials with enhanced mesoporosity: structural and textural characterization and application in soot oxidation.

Benkacem Samra S, Boultif Walid W, Belhocine Youghourta Y, Slimane Ben Ali Djihane D

This paper reports the preparation of a series of bentonite-based materials through sequential sodium exchange, sulfuric acid activation, Al13 polycation treatment, and subsequent cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) impregnation. The structural and textural properties of the resulting materials were investigated using FTIR, XRD, TEM, TGA-DTA, BET surface area analysis, and fractal analysis. The soot oxidation performance was measured using O2 with T 10, T 50 and T 90 as conversion indicators. Acid activation markedly modified the structure and texture of the bentonite, resulting in a significant increase in specific surface area, reaching 438.84 m2 g-1 for BNT-NaA, together with the development of mesoporosity. XRD analysis confirmed the expansion of the basal spacing after Al13 treatment of raw and sodium-exchanged bentonite, with d 001 values of 16.96 and 18.03 Å for BNT-P and BNT-NaP, respectively, indicating interlayer incorporation of Al13 polycations. In contrast, the acid-activated samples subsequently treated with Al13, BNT-AP and BNT-NaAP, did not exhibit a well-defined d 001 reflection, indicating substantial disruption of the original layered structure and preventing the confirmation of a well-ordered pillared framework by XRD. Nevertheless, BNT-NaAP retained a relatively high specific surface area of 210.42 m2 g-1 and pronounced mesoporous characteristics. Following metal impregnation, Co/BNT-NaAP and Mn/BNT-NaAP exhibited specific surface areas of 219.75 and 187.92 m2 g-1, respectively. Fractal analysis revealed an increase in surface heterogeneity following the modification treatments, with fractal dimension values ranging from 2.61 to 2.95. Co/BNT-NaAP had a T 50 of 510 °C, compared to 590 °C for BNT-NaAP and 660 °C for soot alone, indicating enhanced catalytic activity under the investigated conditions.

PMID 43011671
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