Drug Database
S-

S-amlodipine gentisate (Nexad / Nexad TAb)

✓ Approved

SK Chemicals · CACNA1C · Small Molecule

What is S-amlodipine gentisate?

S-amlodipine gentisate is a small molecule developed by SK Chemicals. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesNexad, Nexad TAb
CompanySK Chemicals
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetCACNA1C
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, SK Chemicals

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

S-amlodipine gentisate acts on 1 molecular target:

CACNA1Ccalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNL1A1, CACNA1C-IT2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

S-amlodipine gentisate is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersAngina pectoris✓ Approved
Vascular disordersHypertension✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedNature microbiology2026-11-11

S-layer expansion is mediated by hoop-like cracks in the paracrystalline lattice during Bacillus anthracis growth.

Zhang Chen C, Yu Yuanchen Y, Yu Qiwei Q, Rudner David Z DZ

Surface layers (S-layers) are paracrystalline protein monolayers that envelop archaea and some bacteria, including Bacillus anthracis. S-layer subunits in B. anthracis are tethered to the underlying cell wall through glycopolymers that are covalently attached to the peptidoglycan (PG) meshwork. Cell growth in this rod-shaped organism occurs by dispersed PG synthesis throughout the cell cylinder. How the crystalline lattice expands in lockstep with the cell wall has remained unclear. Here, using fluorescently labelled S-layer subunits and high-resolution imaging, we show that S-layer expansion during B. anthracis growth is mediated by pervasive hoop-like cracks in the lattice. Pulse-chase experiments reveal two modes of S-layer assembly at these cracks: dispersed and focused. Our data suggest that local pulling forces on the S-layer array generated by dispersed cell wall synthesis and expansion of the underlying PG cause crack formation, with ensuing dispersed and focused synthesis enabling S-layer expansion with bacterial growth.

PMID 43009537
Read full article →
PubMedMicrobiologyOpen2026-11-11

Studying Differences in Pdu Microcompartment Expression in the Context of pdu Gene System Cloning/Transfer and PocR Activity.

Kopp Emma E, Nguyen Anh A, Allen Ryan R, Edelman Daniel D et al.

Metabolism of 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) in Salmonella enterica occurs via the activity of microcompartment (MCP) proteins encoded by the pdu gene system. In this report, we observed that Salmonella Typhimurium appears to display greater 1,2-PD metabolism compared to S. Arizonae and S. Enteritidis. We were interested in whether species/strain differences in 1,2-PD metabolism are also seen in respective pdu clones, as this could have implications for downstream studies and applications with these systems. We therefore cloned the 38-kb pdu/cob/cbi regions from S. Arizonae, S. Enteritidis, and other S. Typhimurium strains as part of a first-of-kind comprehensive comparison. Remarkably, we found no differences in expression of the various cloned pdu systems. However, we observed that the S. Arizonae and S. Enteritidis clones appear to display a greater dependence on the Crp regulator as compared to the S. Typhimurium clone, and this dependence could be alleviated by overexpressing the PocR regulator. We found that lack of functional expression in Pseudomonas putida could be alleviated via PocR overexpression, demonstrating that the roadblock is at the transcriptional level. In Pectobacterium carotovorum, substitution of the native pdu promoter with a strong heterologous promoter allowed expression. A reporter assay system showed that S. Typhimurium PocR displayed higher transcriptional activation compared to S. Arizonae and S. Enteritidis PocR. Overall, this work demonstrates the central importance of the PocR regulator/transcriptional level of pdu expression and provides strategies to overcome pdu expression issues in other bacterial hosts.

PMID 43010583
Read full article →
PubMedOral health & preventive dentistry2026-11-11

Antibacterial Activities of Selected Plant Extracts on Cariogenic Microbes.

Sabour Amal A, Al-Rajeh Alanoud A, Al-Anazi Shada S, Aldehaish Horiah A HA et al.

To investigate and compare the antibacterial effect of different botanical (turmeric, miswak, derum) and non-botanical oral hygiene products (toothpaste, mouthwash, activated charcoal, baking soda) on the cariogenic bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, and S. mutans. Different plant extracts (turmeric, miswak, and derum) and as well as non-botanical substances used in oral hygiene (charcoal, toothpaste, mouthwash, and sodium bicarbonate) were studied for their antibacterial activities against cariogenic model microbes Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli using the agar diffusion technique and in-silico molecular docking. Based on LC-MS analysis and literature reviews, linoleic acid - the bioactive fatty acid antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agent present in the studied plants - was selected for molecular docking analysis. Among all tested materials, derum revealed the highest activity against S. mutans (inhibition zone diameter 16 mm2), S. aureus (inhibition zone diameter 14.3 mm2), and E. coli (inhibition zone diameter 14 mm2). The mouthwash and toothpaste inhibited the growth of S. aureus (inhibition zone diameter 15 mm2) and E. coli (14 mm2) but had no or negligible effect on S. mutans (8 mm2) as was the case for all the other substances used in oral hygiene tested here. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed the presence of linoleic acid at 279m/z, and in-silico screening demonstrated a possible affinity of linoleic acid for extracellular polysaccharide glucan. Low energy level scores of -1.24 kcal/mol stabilized by four hydrogen bonds between linoleic acid and extracellular alpha (α) 1,3-glucan matrix showed promising potential of linoleic acid in the treatment of S. mutans biofilm. Derum sticks showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. mutans, followed by S. aureus, and E. coli. The insights from molecular docking analysis of linoleic acid and glucan may lead to the development of therapeutic agents targeting extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) synthesis, thus helping prevent biofilm formation and improve oral hygiene.

PMID 43012461
Read full article →
PubMedAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026-11-11

Incorporating B-S Bonds Into Multi-Resonance Frameworks for Narrowband Emitters With Fast Reverse Intersystem Crossing and Facile Synthesis.

Wang Yashu Y, Wang Xing X, Cui Yanan Y, Chi Ziping Z et al.

Boron/nitrogen‑embedded multi‑resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‑TADF) emitters are highly attractive for developing wide‑color‑gamut and low‑power‑consumption organic light‑emitting diode (OLED) displays. However, their development and application face challenges of slow reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and significant synthetic difficulties that arise from the borylation reaction. In this study, we introduce the incorporation of B-S bonds into the MR framework as a strategic design concept, achieved by designing molecules (O2S2-B3N and MesO2S2-B3N) that contain both B-S and B-O bonds within the same core. The introduction of B-S bonds promotes enhanced spin-orbit coupling relative to the control compound with only B-O bonds, enabling substantially faster RISC with rate constants exceeding 2.6 × 105 s-1, while also facilitating streamlined borylation with yields reaching 85%. The B-S incorporation preserves narrowband emission, yielding full widths at half maximum (FWHMs) of 22-23 nm. In a non‑sensitized electroluminescent device, MesO2S2-B3N retains a narrow emission profile (FWHM: 26 nm) and achieves a high external quantum efficiency of 30.2% with substantially improved efficiency roll‑off characteristics compared to the control compound. This B-S incorporation strategy provides a unified solution to both the slow RISC kinetics and the challenging synthesis in MR‑TADF materials, establishing a new route to high‑performance, readily accessible emitters.

PMID 43012532
Read full article →
PubMedMicrobiome2026-11-11

Adjuvant commensal therapy enhances antibiotic efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus.

Chang Chun-Chi CC, Demeter Tomas T, Gómez-Mejia Alejandro A, Barcik Weronika W et al.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathobiont whose nasal colonization represents a major risk factor for subsequent infection. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, coupled with antibiotic-induced microbiota perturbation, has rendered S. aureus-associated infections increasingly difficult to treat. Commensal bacteria have emerged as potential modulators of both host immune responses and pathogen pathogenesis; however, whether they can act as therapeutic adjuvants to enhance treatment outcomes in S. aureus-associated infections remains unclear. Here, we assess the efficacy of commensal bacteria as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy. Using A549 Dual™ reporter cells, we demonstrate that commensals and pathobionts elicit distinct activation profiles of NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) signaling pathways and differential IL-8 production. In a 3D humanized airway tissue model, D. pigrum significantly enhanced antibiotic-mediated reduction of S. aureus survival relative to antibiotic treatment alone (D. pigrum KPL1914: 37.3% reduction, 95% CI 2.0-72.6%, Padj = 0.0340; D. pigrum AMBR11: 48.1% reduction, 95% CI 2.3-93.9%, Padj = 0.0356), while preserving barrier integrity and augmenting pro-inflammatory cytokine responses. However, the loss of efficacy with heat-killed D. pigrum indicates that viable bacteria and active host- and/or pathobiont-directed interactions are required to mediate its anti-S. aureus effects. Dual RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis revealed enrichment of host inflammatory pathways and reduction of S. aureus pathogenic potential during D. pigrum antibiotic adjuvant treatment in the airway tissue model. Furthermore, co-culture experiments revealed that D. pigrum constrains core metabolic pathways in S. aureus. These findings demonstrate that D. pigrum limits S. aureus through both host immune modulation and direct suppression of bacterial pathogenesis and adaptive fitness, supporting its potential as a microbiota-based therapeutic adjuvant to enhance antibiotic efficacy against S. aureus-associated infections. Video Abstract.

PMID 43010108
Read full article →
PubMedEuropean journal of case reports in internal medicine2026-11-11

Combined Calcium Channel Blocker And Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Overdose.

Kahal Fares F, Guérard-Poirier Natasha N, Ji Cheng C, Gursahaney Ashvini A et al.

Combined overdoses of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers are rare but associated with more severe toxicity than either agent alone. A 48-year-old woman presented to the emergency department nine hours after intentionally ingesting 40 tablets of amlodipine (10 mg) and 40 tablets of ramipril (10 mg). On arrival, she was hypotensive and tachycardic. Initial management included fluids, intravenous calcium and insulin bolus followed by high-dose insulin euglycaemic therapy (HIET). Despite escalating vasopressor support, she developed mixed vasoplegic and cardiogenic shock complicated by acute kidney injury, fluid overload, respiratory failure and metabolic acidosis, necessitating intubation and continuous renal replacement therapy. Improvement in haemodynamics was only achieved by day 9. She was transferred from the intensive care unit (ICU) on day 20 with residual weakness from ICU-acquired myopathy and was ultimately discharged after 66 days, with a prolonged hospitalisation attributed to delirium and deconditioning. Severe combined angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and calcium channel blockers (CCB) overdose may cause prolonged, refractory haemodynamic instability requiring extended high-dose insulin euglycaemic therapy (HIET), vasoactive support and fluid administration. Concentrated insulin, dextrose and vasopressor preparations may help mitigate fluid overload. Angiotensin II may be a potential treatment for refractory vasoplegia, although evidence and availability remain limited. Secondary complications can prolong recovery beyond the duration of drug toxicity. This case highlights the need for individualised, multidisciplinary management, early HIET, vasoactive support and fluid-sparing strategies in severe combined ACEI and CCB overdose. Management of severe combined calcium channel blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor overdose may require prolonged resuscitation with high-dose insulin euglycaemic therapy, vasoactive support and fluid administration. The cumulative fluid requirements of these therapies, combined with complications such as acute kidney injury, can contribute to severe fluid overload. The use of concentrated insulin, dextrose and vasopressor preparations may help limit the iatrogenic fluid accumulation.Clinicians should anticipate and proactively manage secondary complications, including acute kidney injury, volume overload, respiratory failure and infection, as these complications may independently prolong recovery beyond the expected duration of drug toxicity.Combined angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and calcium channel blocker overdose lacks established management guidelines and requires individualised, multidisciplinary care based on clinical severity and response to therapy.

PMID 43012017
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about S-amlodipine gentisate