Drug Database
S-

S-amlodipine gentisate (Nexad / Nexad TAb)

✓ Approved

SK Chemicals · CACNA1C · Small Molecule

What is S-amlodipine gentisate?

S-amlodipine gentisate is a small molecule developed by SK Chemicals. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesNexad, Nexad TAb
CompanySK Chemicals
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetCACNA1C
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, SK Chemicals

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

S-amlodipine gentisate acts on 1 molecular target:

CACNA1Ccalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNL1A1, CACNA1C-IT2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

S-amlodipine gentisate is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersAngina pectoris✓ Approved
Vascular disordersHypertension✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-09-19

An evaluation of the relationship between BIS and MOAA/S during remimazolam-sufentanil induction: a prospective observational study.

Zheng Jun-Li JL, Cai Yi Y, Zhang Yun-Xia YX, Shen Jian J et al.

Both the Bispectral Index (BIS) and the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) scale are commonly used to evaluate the depth of anesthesia in studies investigating the effective dosing of remimazolam. However, their correlation remains unclear. This prospective observational study aimed to characterize the correlation between BIS values and MOAA/S scores during induction of anesthesia with remimazolam-sufentanil in elderly and non-elderly patients. Sixty patients were enrolled and stratified into elderly and non-elderly cohorts (n = 30 each). All participants received intravenous sufentanil (0.1 μg/kg), followed by remimazolam infusion (0.16 mg/kg in elderly patients; 0.22 mg/kg in non-elderly patients). BIS values and corresponding MOAA/S scores were recorded at 1-min intervals for 5 min after induction. The minimum BIS value and its corresponding MOAA/S score were also captured. Spearman's rank correlation and Cohen's kappa coefficient were used to assess the relationship and agreement between BIS < 60 and MOAA/S = 0. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was applied to evaluate the association between BIS and the probability of deep sedation (MOAA/S = 0). The correlation between BIS and MOAA/S showed a dynamic pattern, demonstrating a moderate association at the initiation of induction (T1; r = 0.681, p < 0.001) that progressively weakened over time. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of BIS for predicting deep sedation (MOAA/S = 0) was 0.635 in elderly patients and 0.780 in non-elderly patients. The GLMM identified a significant non-linear association between BIS and the probability of deep sedation (χ2 (1) = 6.62, p = 0.010). Overall agreement between BIS and MOAA/S was slight (κappa = 0.175). Bispectral Index and MOAA/S exhibit a complex non-linear relationship and slight concordance during induction with remimazolam-sufentanil.

PMID 42761017
Read full article →
PubMedActa parasitologica2026-09-19

Application Sequence Determines the Compatibility and Virulence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Spodoptera frugiperda.

Majare Akshay A, Lavhe Nandkishore N, Biradar V K VK, Pillai Tini T et al.

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a destructive invasive pest causing significant crop losses worldwide. This study evaluated the virulence of two entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema siamkayai and Heterorhabditis indica, against third-instar S. frugiperda larvae and investigated their compatibility with the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana under laboratory and pot conditions. Virulence of S. siamkayai and H. indica was assessed using different infective juvenile (IJ) concentrations (5-100 IJs larva-1), with larval mortality recorded up to 96 h after inoculation. Probit analysis was performed to estimate LC50 and LC90 values. Compatibility between EPNs and EPF was evaluated through simultaneous and sequential inoculations using larval mortality and co-toxicity factor analyses. The most promising combinations were further validated under pot conditions, where larval mortality and co-toxicity factors were determined at 120 h after treatment. Both EPN species exhibited significant dose- and time-dependent virulence against S. frugiperda. S. siamkayai was consistently more virulent than H. indica, achieving 100% larval mortality at 30-40 IJs larva-1 after 96 h, whereas H. indica required 100 IJs larva-1 for complete mortality. At 96 h, S. siamkayai recorded markedly lower LC₅₀ (5.47 IJs larva⁻1) and LC₉₀ (14.23 IJs larva⁻1) values than H. indica (15.14 and 83.52 IJs larva⁻1, respectively). Simultaneous application of EPNs and EPF produced additive interactions in all combinations. The combination of S. siamkayai + M. anisopliae resulted in the highest laboratory mortality (98.55% at 96 h), whereas sequential application of H. indica after EPF inoculation produced antagonistic interactions. In contrast, S. siamkayai maintained additive compatibility with both EPF irrespective of inoculation sequence. Under pot conditions, S. siamkayai alone caused the highest larval mortality (80.3%), followed by H. indica (70.5%). Among the combined treatments, S. siamkayai + M. anisopliae achieved the greatest mortality (71.5%), and all EPN-EPF combinations exhibited additive interactions based on co-toxicity factor analysis. Steinernema siamkayai demonstrated superior virulence and greater compatibility with entomopathogenic fungi than H. indica against S. frugiperda. Simultaneous application of EPN and EPF consistently maintained additive interactions under both laboratory and pot conditions, whereas sequential application adversely affected the performance of H. indica. These findings identify S. siamkayai, particularly in combination with M. anisopliae, as a promising microbial biocontrol strategy for the integrated management of fall armyworm.

PMID 42760320
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine2026-09-19

Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative Ultrasound Liver Fat Estimation with MRI-PDFF as the Reference Standard.

Roccarina Davide D, Ferraioli Giovanna G, Hidalgo Ronald R, Barr Richard G RG

To assess the performance of 3 ultrasound-based liver fat quantification algorithms-tissue attenuation imaging (TAI), tissue scatter imaging (TSI; Nakagami parameter), and ultrasound-derived fat fraction (USFF)-using magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) as the reference standard. In this prospective, IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant study conducted at 2 North American centers, adults with or at risk for hepatic steatosis underwent quantitative ultrasound and same-day MRI-PDFF. The US examinations were performed with the Samsung RS85 system (Samsung Medison, Seoul, South Korea) using a C1-5S transducer. The software version utilized was 2.08.01.3538. Correlations were assessed using Spearman's rho. Diagnostic performance for steatosis grades S > 0, S > 1, and S > 2 was evaluated using AUROC analysis. Overall accuracy across grades was also assessed with the Obuchowski measure. Correlations and AUROCs were compared using Steiger's and DeLong's tests, respectively. Among 181 participants (113 women; median age, 57 years), MRI-PDFF correlated strongly with TAI and USFF (rho, 0.77 and 0.79) and moderately with TSI (rho, 0.57). For S > 0, AUROCs were 0.92 for TAI, 0.78 for TSI, and 0.93 for USFF; for S > 1, 0.88, 0.77, and 0.89; and for S > 2, 0.81, 0.73, and 0.83, respectively. Obuchowski measures were 0.87, 0.76, and 0.88. TAI and USFF were significantly more accurate than TSI (p = .03 and p = .02), with no significant difference between them (p = .79). TAI and USFF showed high, comparable performance for detecting hepatic steatosis and outperformed TSI. USFF was numerically superior to TAI, without significant incremental benefit. Discrimination between moderate and severe steatosis remained limited in the US evaluation.

PMID 42760613
Read full article →
PubMedMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2026-09-19

Comparison of Postoperative Oxygenation and Dorsal Lung Ventilation in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy in Different Positions: Pulmonary Electrical Impedance Tomography Monitoring.

Liu Hairui H, Hu Shan S, Zhang Lianqin L, Zhang Zihao Z

BACKGROUND We aimed to compare postoperative oxygenation and dorsal lung ventilation between supine and prone positions in patients undergoing craniotomy and to provide clinical evidence for lung-protective ventilation strategies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty-four patients scheduled for elective craniotomy under general anesthesia were assigned to supine (S group) or prone (P group) according to different positions required for surgery (observational, non-randomized). All received volume-controlled ventilation with tidal volume set at 7 mL/kg predicted body weight, I: E=1: 2, and respiratory rate adjusted to maintain PetCO₂ at 30-40 mm Hg. The decline in oxygenation index (ΔPaO₂/FiO₂) was calculated 24 hours after extubation. Dorsal lung ventilation proportion (ROI34) was measured before anesthesia (T1), after intubation (T2), before extubation (T3), 10 min after extubation (T4), and 24 hours after extubation (T5). Lung ultrasound score (LUS) was assessed at T1, T4, and T5. RESULTS ΔPaO₂/FiO₂ was significantly higher in the S group than P group (45.5 [34.7-58.0] vs 36.8 [30.5-40.8] mm Hg, P<0.05). Compared with P group, ROI34 was lower in the S group at T3 (26.2%±9.2% vs 30.7%±9.8%, P<0.05) and T4 (41.5%±12.4% vs 48.5%±11.4%, P<0.05). At T5, total LUS (4.0 [3.0-5.0] vs 2.0 [1.0-3.0], P<0.05) and posterior LUS (3.0 [3.0-4.0] vs 1.0 [0.0-1.0], P<0.05) were significantly higher in the S than P group. CONCLUSIONS General anesthesia with mechanical ventilation reduced postoperative oxygenation and dorsal lung ventilation in patients undergoing craniotomy, most notably in supine patients at 24 hours. Ventilation strategies should be individualized according to surgical position, with enhanced lung-protective strategies for supine patients.

PMID 42760775
Read full article →
PubMedFrontiers in microbiology2026-09-19

Mineral-specific effects on humification and bacterial community succession in industrial-scale spent mushroom substrate composting.

Chang Yuan Y, Miao Nannan N, Zhang Yuhan Y, Wei Yuquan Y et al.

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a lignocellulose-rich agricultural by-product whose slow humification can limit the quality and agronomic value of the resulting compost. This study compared four low-cost mineral amendments: shale powder (S), mullite-based soil conditioner (SC), flue-gas desulfurization gypsum (DG), and rare-earth silico-titanate ore powder (TO). Each mineral was added at 10% of SMS dry mass during 40-day industrial-scale composting. Mineral structure, physicochemical properties, humic fractions, dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence components, and bacterial succession were evaluated. Results showed that mineral amendments accelerated pile heating, prolonged the thermophilic phase, and promoted compost humification. Relative to CK, final humic acid (HA) content increased by 20.6, 28.1, 10.7, and 7.9% in S, SC, DG, and TO, respectively, while the humification index (HI) increased by 25.9, 41.5, 14.9, and 16.0%, respectively, highlighting SC as the strongest overall humification response. EEM-PARAFAC analysis revealed mineral-specific DOM transformation patterns: the relative abundance of the highly humified C3 component increased by 9.1 and 17.3% in S and SC, respectively, whereas DG preferentially increased C2 by 18.8%, and TO caused a slight 2.3% decrease in C3 relative to CK. SC increased the relative proportion of the highly humified C3 component by 17.3%, whereas DG increased that of C2 by 18.8% relative to CK. Mineral amendments also reshaped bacterial succession in a stage-dependent manner. SC favored heat-adapted core genera associated with organic matter transformation and humification during the thermophilic and cooling phases, whereas DG and TO exerted stronger selection for maturation-associated Actinomycetota, particularly Nonomuraea. Mantel analysis further revealed significant associations between mineral-induced shifts in the core bacterial community and changes in composting conditions and humification characteristics (Mantel r = 0.323-0.728, FDR-adjusted p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that mullite-based conditioner provided the most effective enhancement of SMS compost maturity and humification, providing a scientific basis for the targeted selection of low-cost mineral amendments and the valorization of agricultural by-product.

PMID 42761067
Read full article →
PubMedParasite immunology2026-09-19

Egg Deposition-Associated Immune Transition and Tfh-Like Humoral Features During Schistosoma japonicum Infection in Mice.

Tang Zhen Z, Zhou Tingyu T, Luo Wanping W, Shui Mingyi M et al.

Schistosoma japonicum infection causes egg-induced hepatic granulomatous inflammation together with extensive remodelling of host immunity. Although infection is known to progress from early Th1-associated immunity to egg-driven type 2 responses, the temporal relationships among egg-induced pathology, CD4+ T-cell polarization, T follicular helper (Tfh)-like phenotypes and parasite-specific humoral immunity remain incompletely defined. We therefore infected BALB/c mice with S. japonicum and examined them at serial time points after infection, assessing hepatic histopathology, serum ALT and AST activities, T-cell frequencies, cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells, helper-lineage transcription factors, PD-1 and ICOS expression on T cells, PD-L1 and ICOSL expression on B cells, CXCR5+ICOS+ phenotypic Tfh-like cells and serum SEA-specific IgG, with five biologically independent mice at each time point. Egg-associated hepatic granulomas first became apparent at week 5, enlarged during the middle stage of infection and regressed at later time points. Early infection was characterized by increased IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells and elevated Tbx21 expression; following egg deposition, IL-4-, IL-17A- and IL-21-producing CD4+ T cells and Gata3, Rorc and Bcl6 expression increased, and PD-1 and ICOS on CD4+ T cells together with PD-L1 and ICOSL on B cells changed dynamically over the course of infection. By week 8, CXCR5+ICOS+ Tfh-like cells were increased in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and peripheral blood, and SEA-specific IgG had risen markedly after egg deposition and correlated positively with the frequency of splenic CXCR5+ICOS+ CD4+ T cells (rs = 0.3979, p < 0.001). Egg deposition thus represents a temporal immunological transition point in S. japonicum infection: the onset of egg-induced hepatic pathology coincides with the shift from early Th1-associated features to Th2-, Th17-, Tfh-like and SEA-specific humoral responses.

PMID 42760867
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about S-amlodipine gentisate